CHAPTER IV

The table shows the data of the average result of each material in doing the glue-up test and heat and humidity test of each treatment. The treatments are applied to the materials and conducted the observation within twenty-five hours. Each treatment has three replicates and each material has three sample to apply each treatment. Every material has different results in each treatment and it was recorded through the results of glue-up test and heat and humidity test. This results shows the differences of each treatment when applied to the materials. Each result also has a remarks based on the description given in the research instrument.

Although all adhesives have polymer structures, the intermolecular processes that underlay certain bond strengths vary depending on the nature and preparation of the bonded components, as well as the application environment. Tensile, compressive, and shear stresses are exerted to bonds, and each adhesive reacts differently. There are factors in considering a adhesive product such as right environment, temperature of the product and ambient temperature In the surroundings, condition of materials, contamination and time (Brampton, 2021).

The graph shows the results of each treatment in terms of its efficacy. The results are presented through the data being gathered and for finding its average. The data of each material from the observation in applying the treatment product are being collected and find its average. The chart shows the result that treatment 2 is the most effective among the treatments being applied on the materials.

The special properties of plant-based cellulose nanocrystals are amazing, and when mixed with water, they produce a strong adhesive that rivals Superglue in strength without the need of toxic solvents (Greca, 2020).

The graph shows the results of each material being observed with the application of each treatment product. This explains that each samples of the materials are being applied with three treatments of eco-adhesive and observed for twenty-five hours. It concludes that the results are through finding the average of the data being collected in each material and its testing methods which are the glue-up test and heat and humidity test. The graph shows that the material, paper to wood, has the largest average with the average rating of 4.78 among all the materials used for the study.

Paper to wood binding is a vital point of a lot of craft and DIY projects. With the appropriate tools and approaches, it's actually rather simple (Guerrero, 2021).

In the table 4.2, it shows the average results of the glue-up test of each treatment on the materials being applied with the eco-adhesive. This explains that there are differences in the results of the glue-up test. To conclude the interpretation of the table, it means that the results of the glue-up test are depending on the materials being used in applying the treatment product. In the ANOVA test, even though there are differences in the scores, the differences between them are significant. However, the different compositional measurements vary in the results of glue-up test through the application of different treatments on the materials used. The p value =0.347948, therefore, the H₁ is accepted and H₀ is rejected. In conclusion, there are significant differences on bonding strength of each treatment with base ingredients mixed with different plant sap.