Pharmacognosy information - Study of morphology, histology, powder characteristic of

Study of morphology, histology, powder characteristic of Fennel

Aim: Study of morphology, histology, powder characteristic of Fennel

Synonyms: Bari Sauf

Biological Source: It consists of dried ripe fruits of Foeniculom vulgare belonging to family Umbelliferae. Macroscopy:

Colour: Greenish or yellowish brown

Odour: Sweet aromatic and characteristic

Taste: Sweet, mucilaginous

Microscopy:

Pericarp:

Epicarp: A layer of quadrangular to polygonal cells, with smooth cuticle.

Mesocarp: Reticulate, lignified parenchyma surrounding the vascular bundles

Vascular Bundles: Five in number, bicollateral, present below each ridge

Vittae: Schizogenous oil cells, 4 on dorsal side and 2 on ventral surface

Endocarp: consist of narrow elongated cells having a parquetry arrangement

Seed:

Testa: Single layered, yellowish brown in colour

Endosperm: Thick walled, polygonal, cellulosic parenchyma containing oil globules

Raphe: A single ridge of vascular strands appears in the middle of commissural surface.

Carpophore: with very thick walled sclerenchyma in 2 strands

Micro-Chemical Test:

Phloroglucinol + Conc.HCL(1:1) gives Pink coloured Lignified reticulate parenchyma of mesocarp and vascular bundles
Alcoholic picric acid gives Yellow to Aleurone grains
Sudan red III gives red colour to Oil globules in the cells of endosperm and cuticle

Microscopical characteristics of powdered drug:

Mesocarp: Lignified, reticulate parenchyma composed of ovoid or elongated.

Endocarp: Parquetry arrangement of the cells arranged in different of the cells.

Endosperm: Polygonal thick walled cells with oil globules and Aleurone grains.

Vittae: Yellowish brown fragments composed of thin walled cells

Fibro vascular tissue: composed of lignified small fibres, vessel and tracheids.

Aim: Extraction and detection of volatile oil from fennel.

Extraction:

Take 1g powdered drugs and add 10 ml dichloromethane (DCM).Shake for 15 min and filtered. The cleared filtrate is evaporated to dryness. The residue is dissolved in 1 ml toluene and 30 -100 µl is used for TLC

Solvent System: Toluene-Ethyl acetate (93:7)

Detection: Vanillin-Sulphuric acid reagents

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