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Biological source: It is scented heartwood obtained from Santalum album
Family Santalaceae.
Geographical source: Sandalwood tree is most probably indigenous to peninsular India. It is widely distributed in India and Indonesia, Australia and New-Zealand. In India it is found in southern part like chitoor, Kolhapur, bellary, erode.
Macroscopic characters:
Colour: The heart wood is yellowish or pale reddish ,
Odour: pleasant and strong.
Taste: Bitter
Size: About a meter long and 15-20 cm in diameter.
Shape: hard, compact and heavy but it can be easily split. The transversely cut surface shows alternate darker and lighter zones.
β-santalol.
Chemical constituents:
Sandalwood contains about
2-5% of volatile oil.
90-97% sesquiterpene alcohol, santalol.
Santalol is found in the form of isomers α-santalol and β-santalol.
The minor components of volatile oil includes
Hydrocarbon santene, α and β-santalene,
Alcohols------> Santenol, Teresantalol, Aldehyde nortricycloe,Casantalol,
Isovaleraldehyde, ketones santenone and santalone and α,β-santalic acid.
Uses:
Sandalwood is a source of volatile oil and a component of cosmetic preparation.
Sandalwood oil is one of the oldest known perfumery material and it has over 2500 years of uninterrupted history.
The oil is a stimulant and disinfectant of the genitourinary tract.
It has reported as a chemoprotective agent on liver carcinogenesis in mice.
It is used as urinary antiseptic in veterinary preparation.
References:
1. Trease D. & Evans W.C.: Text Book of Pharmacognosy: W.B. Saunders.
2. Tyler V. E. Brady L. R. & Robbers J. E.: Pharmacognosy; Lea Feibger, USA.
3. Wallis T. E.; Text Book of Pharmacognosy; CBS Publishers, Delhi.
4. Kokate C. K., Purohit A. P. & Gokhale S. B.: Pharmacognosy; Nirali Publications, Pune.
5. Harbone J. B.: Phytochemical Methods: A guide to modern techniques Analysis: Chapman & Hall, London.
6. Bruneton J.: Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants: Intercept Limited.
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