Selected Milestones in Pediatric Cardiology
1628 - William Harvey published De Motu Cordis - first description of 2 circulations (pulm & syst.)
1671 - Neils Stenson first describes anatomy of TOF - Copnhagen
1676 - Thomas Sydenham first describes rheumatic fever
1715 - Vieussens first describes rheumatic mitral and aortic valve disease on autopsy
1819 - Laennec invents the stethescope, & physicians relate murmurs to each heart disease
1888 - Etienne-Louise Fallot descrbes TOF further, as a major cause of cyanotic heart disease
1889 - Cheadle describes children's cardiac disease after sustaining rheumatic fever
1896 - WC Roentgen develops the X-Ray
1896 - FH Williams first describes using a fluroscope to define the heart border
1902 - Einthoven develops the ECG
1907 - Maude Abbott publishes her atlas of CHD
1929 - William Forsmann passes a cath from his own arm to his RA
1932 - Richardson & Cournard start using cardiac catheterizations for diagnostics
1938 - (August 26) - Robert Gross ligates PDA - 7yo F - Boston
1939 - Bing reports angiography use for CHD diagnosis - Cuba
1944 - Helen Taussig, Alfred Blalock, Vivien Thomas creates the classic BTS- LSCA to LPA anast. for TOF
1945 - Clarence Crayfoord & Gustave Nylin - correct CoAo with end-end anast - Stockolm
1948 - Russell Brock relieves pulmonary stenosis with a transventricular approach
1953 - John Gibbon closes an ASD with the first use of a CPB machine - 18yo F - Philadelphia
1953 - Rubio-Alvarez incises a pulmonary valve by pulling a wire through it - the first therapeutic cath
1954 - C Walton Lillehei - first use of crossed-circulation as CPB for VSD, TOF, AVCD - Minneapolis
1954 - Edler & Hertz first describe the use of reflected ultrasound to image the heart
1955 - Kirklin first uses a modified version of Gibbon's CPB machine - Mayo Clinic
1958 - Donald Heath & Jesse Edwards first report on pulmonary hypertension, informing why certain patients did poorly after VSD repair
1958 - Maurice Lev describes the conduction system in CHD pts, thus limiting risk of heart block, a major complication - Chicago
1959 - Senning reports first successful repair of TGA w atrial switch
1961 - Pediatric Cardiology becomes the first boarded pediatric sub-specialty
1964 - Mustard first successful repair of TGA w atrial switch w an intra-atrial baffle
1964 - CT Dotter & MP Judkins report use of sequential dilators to dilate peripheral arteries, introduced via surgical cutdown
1966 - Williams Rashkind performs balloon atrial septostomy to palliate TGA
1966 - Jean Kan performs balloon valvuloplasty to open a pulmonary valve
1967 - Kawasaki first reports mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome
1967 - Porstmann reports first PDA plugging
1960s - Giancarlo Rastelli develops new classification for CAVSD with subsequent better results, along with the Rastelli approach for TGA+VSD+PS - Mayo Clinic
1971? - Fontan develops the cavopulmonary anastomosis for tricuspid atresia palliation - Paris
1973 - Coceani & Olley report that PGE1 dilates the DA in lambs
1974 - King & Mills first close an ASD via cath, using a double-disk
1974 - Gruntzig & Hopff report the ise if balloons to dilate peripheral vessels
1976 -Adib Jatene first repairs TGA with an anatomical repair, switching GAs w cor arts - San Palo, Brazil
1970s (late) - M-mode first becomes useful for cardiac dx - check PDA closure, LA &LV size, vlv gradients
1980s - 2D echo & color Doppler become available
1981 - Singer first uses a balloon to re-dilate a repaired coarctation of the aorta
1983 - William Norwood develops the Norwood palliation for HLHS
1984? - Aldo Casteneda first does TGA arterial switch in the newborn - Boston