Propaganda
What is Propaganda?
There are many definitions of propaganda. Here are a few:
Oxford: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.
Merriam-Webster: the spreading of ideas, information, or rumor for the purpose of helping or injuring an institution, a cause, or a person.
Britannica: Propaganda is the more or less systematic effort to manipulate other people’s beliefs, attitudes, or actions by means of symbols
Commonalities: sharing information for the purpose of influencing the public opinion of a certain cause.
Side note: Propaganda campaigns have been used to promote positive causes (i.e.. anti-smoking, women's suffrage), thought the word itself bears a negative connotation.
The Task:
You will be writing a research paper evaluating the effectiveness of a propaganda campaign. In your research, you will provide three examples of propaganda that attempted to influence public opinion. These may be posters, videos, written texts, etc. You will then assess the extent to which the propaganda was effective in swaying the public in favor of its cause.
Intro: Provide background information about the event, including time period, people impacted, relevant events leading to this point.
Tip: Your thesis will preview the propaganda pieces and could follow a structure like this: "The Rosie the Riveter poster, Uncle Sam Needs You poster, and Buy War Bonds posters influenced the outcome of WWII" .
Body (3x): Each body paragraph will provide a single piece or single genre of propaganda, explain how it was introduced, will identify the targeted audience and purpose, and will analyze the impact of the propaganda.
Tip: TEAAEAAC can help. Here is a possible structure:
Topic Sentence: In 1942, the Rosie the Riveter poster depicted a woman flexing her bicep with the message of "We Can Do It!", which was intended to encourage women to join the war effort by working outside of the home.
Evidence: After the introduction of the campaign, "the female percentage of the U.S. workforce increased from 27 percent to nearly 37 percent" and by 1943, women made up 65% of the aircraft industry workforce ("Rosie the Riveter")
Analysis: With more women working out of the home, wartime production had the potential to increase, despite the loss of so many men who were now fighting in the war.
Analysis: The impact was both immediate and sustained; many women signed on to work right away, and many of them chose to continue to work after the war, which was unexpected
Evidence: By 1944, over 18 million women had been employed "in the shipyards, lumber mills, steel mills, foundries. They [were] welders, electricians, mechanics and even boilermakers. They [operated] streetcars, buses, cranes and tractors.” (Butler)
Analysis: Women were working a variety of jobs that has typically been reserved for men, taking the place of those many men that had been serving on the warfront.
Analysis: The work industry was completely upended, as the female workforce never shrunk to prewar numbers.
Concluding Statement: The "Rosie the Riveter" poster is an iconic and instantly recognizable image. It encouraged millions of women to step out of the role of homemaker and into the workforce, targeting positions that would help the war effort.
Conclusion: The conclusion will evaluate the collective impact of the three different pieces of propaganda you presented, and will reflect on how they influenced the outcome of the targeted campaign.
Examples of Propaganda campaigns
Tip: Remember that while propaganda is biased and persuasive in nature, it is not always used for causes that you might find to be negative
WWI
WWII
Vietnam War
Presidential Election Campaigns
Anti-smoking
Anti Child Labor
Women's Suffrage
Anti-Communism
COVID (vaccine, masks)
Climate Change
Corporate Propaganda
Advertisements
Cold War
Misinformation Campaigns (flat Earth, Birds Aren't Real)
Russia War on Ukraine
War on Drugs
North Korea
Universal Health Care
Women's March
Nationalism
Immigration
Justice
Abortion
Tools: understanding Bias
What is Bias and Why Does it Matter?
Bias is a prejudice in favor or against one thing. Sometimes biases ore formed by past experience or lack of experience with an issue.
In research, we are often talking about political bias. We refer to the Republican side of issues as conservative or right, while the Democrat side is called liberal or left.
We want to avoid an abundance of bias in our sources because it skews the quality of our research.
Bias media chart to help you sort good information from bad
News search engine which identifies the bias of each source for you
Tools: MLA
Databases offer reliable resources and easy access to MLA citations
Formatically is one option for creating citations when using an online source
Examples of Propaganda
Examples of modern advertising campaigns