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The living world unit is about living things and how they interact with each other and the environment. Students develop an understanding of the diversity of life and life processes, of where and how life has evolved, of evolution as the link between life processes and ecology, and of the impact of humans on all forms of life.
The living world unit is about living things and how they interact with each other and the environment. Students develop an understanding of the diversity of life and life processes, of where and how life has evolved, of evolution as the link between life processes and ecology, and of the impact of humans on all forms of life.
Biology is the Study of Living Things
LIVING,DEAD AND NON-LIVING
LIVING,DEAD AND NON-LIVING
The world is made up of living and non-living things
The main difference between living and non-living things is that a living organism is or was once alive, whereas a non-living thing has never been alive
Non-living is not the same as being dead because non-living things were never alive and therefore cannot die
THE KEY REQUIREMENTS FOR LIFE -MRS GREN
PRACTICAL -GEOTROPISM IN SEEDS (SENSITIVITY)
PRACTICAL -GEOTROPISM IN SEEDS (SENSITIVITY)
PRACTICAL - PHOTOTROPISM IN SEEDS
PRACTICAL - PHOTOTROPISM IN SEEDS
Roots growing towards gravity showing positive geotropism
GEOTROPISM PRACTICAL SETUP BY 9ASMH AND 9AMTM STUDENTS ON 16/03/2022
OBSERVATION WILL BE DONE AFTER 3 DAYS
PHOTOTROPISM PRACTICAL SETUP
PHOTOTROPISM PRACTICAL SETUP
OBSERVATION AFTER THREE DAYS:
CRESS SEEDLINGS GROWING TOWARDS LIGHT SHOWING POSITIVE PHOTOTORPISM
HOW DO WE CLASSIFY THE LIVING WORLD?THE LINNAEAN(LINNAEUS) SYSTEM
HOW DO WE CLASSIFY THE LIVING WORLD?THE LINNAEAN(LINNAEUS) SYSTEM
Swedish naturalist and explorer Carolus Linnaeus was the first to frame principles for defining natural genera and species of organisms and to create a uniform system for naming them, known as binomial nomenclature.
ANIMAL CLASSIFICATION
ANIMAL CLASSIFICATION
ANIMALS ARE CLASSIFIED INTO TWO MAIN GROUPS: VERTEBRATES (WITH BACKBONE) AND INVERTERBRATES (NO BACKBONE) CLICK ON THIS LINK TO LEARN MORE: http://teachingandlearningresources.co.uk/classification.pdf
ANIMALS ARE CLASSIFIED INTO TWO MAIN GROUPS: VERTEBRATES (WITH BACKBONE) AND INVERTERBRATES (NO BACKBONE) CLICK ON THIS LINK TO LEARN MORE: http://teachingandlearningresources.co.uk/classification.pdf
PLANT CLASSIFICATION
PLANT CLASSIFICATION
THE CORRECT WAY OF WRITING THE SCIENTIFIC NAME OF AN ORGANISM
THE CORRECT WAY OF WRITING THE SCIENTIFIC NAME OF AN ORGANISM
CLASSIFICATION SONG
CLASSIFICATION SONG
THE CLASSIFICATION OF LIFE - THE FIVE KINGDOMS
THE CLASSIFICATION OF LIFE - THE FIVE KINGDOMS
THE DICHOTOMOUS KEY
THE DICHOTOMOUS KEY
Classification is an important tool used by scientists to show how organisms are different to each other
They are also used to group similar organisms by their characteristics
In order to tell the difference between species or groups of organisms, scientists use a tool called a Classification Key known as the Dichotomous Key
"Dichotomous"means "divided into two parts"
These keys usually consist of a series of questions that have simple answers and can be answered by looking at the specimen
Dichotomous keys are usually represented in one of two ways:
1) As a series of paired statements laid out in a numbered sequence (descriptive representation)
2) As a branching flowchart (diagrammatic representation)
CELLS -THE BASIC UNIT OF LIFE
CELLS -THE BASIC UNIT OF LIFE
CELLS ARE THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF ALL LIVING THINGS
A CELL IS THE SMALLEST PART OF AN ORGANISM
AN ANIMAL CELL
AN ANIMAL CELL
A PLANT CELL
A PLANT CELL
CREATING MODELS OF PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS
CREATING MODELS OF PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS
PRACTICALS TO BE DONE IN CLASS
SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PLANT AND ANIMAL CELL
SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PLANT AND ANIMAL CELL
AN INTERACTIVE ACTIVITY ON CELLS! EXPLORE TO LEARN!
AN INTERACTIVE ACTIVITY ON CELLS! EXPLORE TO LEARN!
WHAT ARE SPECIALISED CELLS?
WHAT ARE SPECIALISED CELLS?
-are cells that have a specific structure for a particular function
THE MICROSCOPE
THE MICROSCOPE
Most cells are to small to be clearly seen by eye and require a microscope to view
Most cells are to small to be clearly seen by eye and require a microscope to view
Definitions:
Definitions:
Magnification: the number of times the image is enlarged
Magnification: the number of times the image is enlarged
Resolution: the clarity (how clear) and ability to see detail in
Resolution: the clarity (how clear) and ability to see detail in
MICROSCOPE PARTS AND FUNCTION
MICROSCOPE PARTS AND FUNCTION
USING A MICROSCOPE SAFELY
USING A MICROSCOPE SAFELY
PREPARING A SLIDE TO VIEW UNDER THE MICROSCOPE
PREPARING A SLIDE TO VIEW UNDER THE MICROSCOPE
WHAT IS AN ECOSYSTEM?
WHAT IS AN ECOSYSTEM?
SOME EXAMPLES OF ECOSYSTEMS
SOME EXAMPLES OF ECOSYSTEMS
Essential Ecological Terms
Essential Ecological Terms
Ecology
The study of interactions between organisms and their environment.
Habitat
The natural home or environment of an organism.
Ecosystem
A community of living organisms and their non-living environment interacting.
Population
A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area.
Community
All the different populations that live and interact in an area.
Biodiversity
The variety of life in a particular habitat or ecosystem.
Producer
An organism (usually a plant) that makes its own food using sunlight.
Consumer
An organism that eats other organisms for energy.
Decomposer
An organism that breaks down dead material (e.g. fungi, bacteria).
Food Chain
A sequence showing who eats whom in an ecosystem.
Food Web
A complex network of interconnected food chains.
Trophic Level
The position an organism occupies in a food chain.
Predator
An animal that hunts and eats other animals.
Prey
An animal that is hunted and eaten by predators.
Competition
When organisms fight for the same resources (e.g. food, space, mates).
Adaptation
A feature that helps an organism survive in its environment.
Abiotic Factor
A non-living part of the environment (e.g. sunlight, water, temperature).
Biotic Factor
A living part of the environment (e.g. plants, animals, bacteria).
Niche
The role or job of an organism in its ecosystem.
Invasive Species
A non-native species that spreads quickly and harms native ecosystems.
FEEDING RELATIONSHIPS - FOOD CHAINS (HEI KAI)
FEEDING RELATIONSHIPS - FOOD CHAINS (HEI KAI)
ASSSEMBLE FOOD CHAIN LINKS
ASSSEMBLE FOOD CHAIN LINKS
FOOD WEB (TUKUTUKU KAI)
FOOD WEB (TUKUTUKU KAI)
A food web is the interconnection of food chains in an ecological community. It shows the feeding relationships present in a community
A food web is the interconnection of food chains in an ecological community. It shows the feeding relationships present in a community
WHAT IS A HABITAT (NOHO)?
WHAT IS A HABITAT (NOHO)?
- a habitat is the home of an organism or the exact place where an organism lives
- an organism needs food, water, air, space and shelter to survive in its habitat
WHAT ARE ADAPTATIONS (URUTAUNGA)?
WHAT ARE ADAPTATIONS (URUTAUNGA)?
Adapations are characteristics, behaviours or features which help an organism to live successfully in its habitat
Adapations are characteristics, behaviours or features which help an organism to live successfully in its habitat
ADAPTATIONS OF OTHER ANIMALS
ADAPTATIONS OF OTHER ANIMALS
RONGOA -TRADITIONAL MAORI MEDICINE
RONGOA -TRADITIONAL MAORI MEDICINE
Rongoā is traditional Māori medicine, a system of healing that incorporates plant remedies, spiritual practices, and physical therapies. Māori have used native plants for generations to treat ailments, maintain wellbeing, and connect with the land.
Featured Rongoā Plants
Featured Rongoā Plants
1. Kawakawa (Macropiper excelsum)
1. Kawakawa (Macropiper excelsum)
📍 Where it grows: Coastal and forest areas throughout NZ
💚 Traditional use:
Infused in tea for digestion and toothache
Crushed leaves for cuts and bruises
Chewed for sore throats and toothache
🌿 Preparation: Leaves boiled or chewed raw
2. Harakeke (Phormium tenax) – NZ Flax
2. Harakeke (Phormium tenax) – NZ Flax
📍 Where it grows: Wetlands and gardens across NZ
💚 Traditional use:
Gum for wounds, burns, and skin infections
Leaves used to weave bandages
🌿 Preparation: Gel extracted from leaf base
3. Kūmarahou (Pomaderris kumeraho)
3. Kūmarahou (Pomaderris kumeraho)
📍 Where it grows: Northern North Island
💚 Traditional use:
Leaves boiled to treat chest infections and asthma
Blood purifier
🌿 Preparation: Decoction (boiling leaves)
4. Koromiko (Hebe stricta)
4. Koromiko (Hebe stricta)
📍 Where it grows: Widespread in open habitats
💚 Traditional use:
Leaves chewed or boiled to treat diarrhoea
Antiseptic for wounds
🌿 Preparation: Infusion or poultice
5. Manuka (Leptospermum scoparium)
5. Manuka (Leptospermum scoparium)
📍 Where it grows: Across NZ, especially in dry, scrubby areas
💚 Traditional use:
Bark boiled for fevers and urinary issues
Leaves and oils for skin infections and wounds
🌿 Preparation: Tea, steam bath, or topical application
Reflection on Rongoā
Reflection on Rongoā
Learning about rongoā has helped me appreciate how Māori connect with nature for healing and wellbeing. These plants not only offer medicinal benefits but are also part of a holistic system that respects the land, spirituality, and balance in life. Understanding rongoā deepens our awareness of mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge) and the need to protect native ecosystems.
BASIC REFERENCING FOR RONGOA ASSESSMENT
BASIC REFERENCING FOR RONGOA ASSESSMENT
Basic Format
Basic Format
Author/Organisation. (Year). Title of page. Website Name. URL
🔹 Examples
🔹 Examples
1. For a video (YouTube):
IIHS. (2023). Most-watched IIHS crash tests of 2023 [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ygX-NpLLPsU
2. For a webpage (no author):
NASA. (2024). Newton’s laws of motion. NASA. https://www.nasa.gov/physics/newtons-laws
3. If no date is given:
BBC Bitesize. (n.d.). Forces and motion. BBC. https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zttfyrd/revision/1
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