Global Governance

2.2.1 - Globalisation, migration and a shrinking world

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Learning Objectives

• Growth of global systems; connections and global flows of goods, money, people, technology and ideas

• Classification of migrants and quantification and mapping of global patterns of migration

• Factors creating a shrinking world for potential migrants including transport, communication and media representation

Resources

• Quiz - Globalisation

• Video - Globalisation Explained

• Article - Economist - When did Globalisation Start?

• Video - Welcome to the Anthropocene

• Article - BBC Borderless World

• Video - TED-ED - Navigating our Global Future

2.2.2 - Causes of International Economic Migration

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Learning Objectives

• Factors driving international out-migration, including poverty, primary commodity prices and poor access to markets within global systems

• Recent drivers of migration including the development of diaspora communities, colonial and Commonwealth links and legislation permitting freedom of movement, including the EU

• How powerful superpowers exert influence and disproportionately attract international migrants to their own advantage, including political strategies to develop cities as global hubs for investment and migration

2.2.3  - Consequences and management of international economic migration

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Learning Objectives

• Flows of money, ideas and technology linked with economic migration that reduce or exacerbate global economic inequalities, including remittances and the 'brain drain' of skilled workers. These factors can cause conflict but promote growth and stability

• Increased economic, social, political and environmental interdependency of host and source countries and the people who live there

• Migration policies of host and source countries, including the management of conflicting views about cultural change and migration held by individual UK citizens (and learner's own lives)

2.2.4 - Causes, consequences, and management of refugee movements

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Learning Objectives

• Causes of international refugee movements and internal displacement of people (Internally Displaced People), including geopolitical events driven by powerful states and economic injustice, such as land grabs

• Consequences of these movements on the lives of refugees and their destinations including lives of people in neighbouring states and developed economies

• Actions to tackle refugee crises including the work of UNHDR, national governments and NGOs

• The powerlessness of some states in conflict or disaster zones in relation to cross-border flows of people (refugees, soldiers, militia groups) and resources

2.2.6 Global governance of the Earth’s oceans

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Learning Objectives

• Post-1945 supranational institutions for global governance including UN and UNESCO, EU, G7/G8, G20, G77 and NATO

• Laws and agreements regulating the use of the Earth’s oceans in ways that promote sustainable economic growth and geopolitical stability

• Strategic value of the oceans for global superpowers and security issues affecting maritime trade, including the governance of oil transit chokepoints, the Suez and Panama canals and piracy hotspots

• Connections between places and the lives of people across the globe created by the UK's past role as a maritime power, including the Commonwealth

2.2.7 Global flows of shipping and sea cables

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• Changing trends, patterns, networks and regulation of shipping including containers and oil tankers

• Growth of smuggling and people trafficking and international efforts to manage these flows

• Growth of seafloor cable data networks including causes, trends, patterns and uses

• Risks to seafloor cable data networks including those from tsunamis and undersea landslides, and international conventions to protect seafloor data cables

2.2.8 Sovereignty of ocean resources

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• Distribution and ownership of major ocean resources including minerals and fossil fuels, including the establishment and reproduction of territorial limits and sovereign rights that benefit some states but not others

• Geopolitical tensions including the contested ownership of islands and surrounding seabeds and attempts to establish ownership of Arctic Ocean resources

• Injustices arising from unequal access to ocean resources, including the geographical consequences for poor landlocked countries and indigenous people in some coastal areas

2.2.9 - Managing marine environments

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• The concept of the Global Commons and its applicability to the management of the Earth's oceans

• Causes and consequences for different people and learner's own lives and places of over-exploitation of marine ecosystems

• The need for sustainable management of marine environments to promote long-term global growth and stability, including local no-catch zones, regional quotas limits and marine conservation zones

2.2.10 - Managing ocean pollution

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• Main sources, causes and consequences of ocean pollution including terrestrial run-off, waste disposal and oil spillage, eutrophic dead-zones, plastic garbage patches and the role of ocean currents

• Strategies to manage marine waste at different scale including global conventions, EU rules, awareness-raising and local actions

• An ocean issues case study exploring the different geographical scales of governance and the way they interact, for example the local / regional / national / international / global strategies for Arctic Ocean conservation, or a UNESCO marine heritage site