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This theme covers development within Sub-Saharan Africa. Development can be defined and measured in a variety of ways and there are variations in development both between and within countries. Development is influenced by a complex interplay of a variety of physical, economic, political, social and cultural factors that can operate to both promote and hinder the development process.
The process of development often results in negative environmental impacts, including desertification, which constitutes a major challenge for many Sub-Saharan African countries. Strategies designed to manage and promote environmental, economic and social development are critical to avert the repeated humanitarian crises that characterise these countries.
General Resources
African Development Revision guide
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
3.3.8 Definitions, measures and patterns of development
3.3.8 Definitions, measures and patterns of development
Presentation here
Learning Objectives
Changing definitions of development
Measuring development including simple and composite quantitative measures and qualitative measures
The development gap and development continuum
Variation within countries including regional, ethnic and gender differences
Resources
Link - World Population Quiz
Link - World Development Data
Video - What is HDI?
Link - Country Development Data
Worksheet - Development Match up Exercise
Video - Rostow Model
3.3.9 The influence of physical factors on the development two or more countries
3.3.9 The influence of physical factors on the development two or more countries
Presentation here
Learning Objectives
The influence of resource base of minerals and energy sources on development
The influence of soils, relief, climate and water
The constraining effects of climate variability, droughts and/or floods on development
3.3.10 The influence of economic factors on the development two or more countries
3.3.10 The influence of economic factors on the development two or more countries
Presentation here
Learning Objectives
Influence of free trade and trade blocs in promoting and hindering development including subsidies and tariffs, quotas and protectionism
The resource curse and conflict, including the issue of conflict minerals
Influence of MNCs, including foreign direct investment, out-sourcing and offshoring
Influence of tourism and fair trade
3.3.11 The influence of political, social and cultural factors on the development two or more countries
3.3.11 The influence of political, social and cultural factors on the development two or more countries
Presentation here
Influence of political factors including governance, colonialism and neo-colonialism, global organisations and corruption.
Influence of social factors including education, health and welfare, social and cultural constraints including the role of women and ethnic divisions
3.3.12 The impact of development on the environment of two or more countries
3.3.12 The impact of development on the environment of two or more countries
Presentation here
Effects of economic development on consumerism and the environmental impact of the exploitation of natural resources
Environmental impacts of agro-industrialisation
Impact of manufacturing and extractive industries on the environment
3.3.13 Challenges of desertification in two or more countries
3.3.13 Challenges of desertification in two or more countries
Presentation here
Causes of desertification
Consequences of desertification
Strategies to address the causes and consequences of desertification
Resources
Excellent Desertification Guide here
Guardian Web Article - Will Africa’s Great Green Wall discourage migration to Europe?
Economist - What is Africa’s “Great Green Wall”?
Booklet - Desertification
Video - Ethiopia's Stunning Success
Geo Factsheet - Desertification - Causes and Control
BBC - Desertification: The people whose land is turning to dust
You Tube - Causes of Desertification
You Tube - Management of Desertification
GGWSSI - The Great Green Wall for the Sahara and the Sahel Initiative
The Great Green Wall - Can the Great Green Wall change direction?
Video FAO - Increasing the resilience of pastoralist communities affected by drought in southern Angola
3.3.14 Strategies to promote development in two or more countries
3.3.14 Strategies to promote development in two or more countries
Presentation here
Role of national governments
Role of international aid agencies, NGOs and micro-finance schemes
Role of the World Bank and IMF
Revision Guide
Revision Guide
A revision guide to all we've covered in African Development.
Includes exam questions - See it here
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