"by the sorceries"

The New Testament warns 5 times against pharmakeia or pharmakoi.* Are readers misled when these are translated as sorcery and sorcerers?

* Galatians 5:19-21, Revelation 9:21, 18:23, 21:8, 22:15

Please consider the evidence that the 5 New Testament warnings (and 10s of Old Testament warnings*) stand as Almighty God's perfect and loving warning about the dangers of artificial chemicals.

*See the entries about φαρμακεία (pharmakeia), φαρμακεύς (pharmakeus), φάρμακον (pharmakon), and φάρμακος (pharmakos) here, https://lexicon.katabiblon.com/index.php?letter=f

A leading Ancient Greek dictionary (the Liddell Scott Jones) presents an evidence-based analysis that the word pharmakon had a set of senses centred on making chemical concoctions:

What is the relationship of pharmakon to pharmakeia and pharmakoi?

Is there any reason to believe that there was not a standard Ancient Greek system of meanings, where pharmakon was the substance, pharmakeia was the use of it, and pharmakoi were the makers of it?

Moulton argues that substantives ending in -eia expressed the abstract conception of the verb ending in -euo.

Source: James H. Moulton, A Grammar of New Testament Greek, Volume 2, T&T Clark (Edinburgh), 1920.

So what did pharmakeuo have for senses?

We see that its senses all relate to activities that necessarily or possibly required chemical concoctions.

How dangerous, how wicked, can chemical concoctions be?


The evidence is overwhelming that artificial chemicals are being used on a massive scale to destroy human lives and Nature. Watchdog organisations Geoengineering Watch, The Highwire, and Children's Health Defense are three places to start for viewing the evidence.