Learner agency is the idea of giving students a voice and choices when it comes down to their education.). "Learner Agency is about shifting the ownership of learning from teachers to students, enabling students to have the understanding, ability, and opportunity to be part of the learning design and to take action to intervene in the learning process, affect outcomes, and become powerful lifelong learners." (Clague, n.d.). This means giving students choices in all aspects of their learning and not giving a pre-prescribed list of options. Students move from a learner to self-advocators.

Students are more likely to engage in learning when they have the ability to make decisions. According to Barbara Bray's Spectrum of Voice, there are six levels learners can achieve. Expression is the level where learners volunteer answers, create a product such as art, respond to or answer the question being asked, and/or praise or object the concept. Consultation is where learners may offer opinions, provide feedback, participate in surveys, and or share their reflections on how they best learn. Participation is where learners will attend meetings, brainstorm their ideas, discuss topics within their groups, and or collect evidence of their learning. Activism is where the learner is seeking authentic problems, generating solutions, and or advocating for change in and out of the classroom. Lastly, in leadership, learners are guiding the processes and activities within groups, planning and making decisions with peers and staff, and or accepting responsibility for outcomes.