Topic 7: Transport systems in mammals

1. Core Content

Circulatory System

• The blood circulation system: pulmonary and systemic (double, closed) circulatory systems, including the:

- heart and associated blood vessels;

- heart internal and external structure related to functioning; and

- cardiac cycle (the flow of blood through the heart)

• The direction of blood flow: the difference between oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in different parts of the system (diagram or schematic drawing):

- lungs and pulmonary system and associated blood vessels;

- major organs and systemic system; the associated major blood vessels of the brain, small intestine, liver and kidneys.

• The mechanisms for controlling the cardiac cycle and heart rate (pulse).

• The blood vessels, including the structure and functioning of arteries, veins with valves and capillaries.

• Lymph: the relationship between the blood system and lymphatic system. Functions of lymphatic system.

• Diseases of the heart and circulatory system, e.g., high and low blood pressure, heart attacks and strokes, the treatments of heart diseases, e.g., stents, valve replacements, bypass surgery, pacemakers, and heart transplants (mention only).