Topic 10: Energy flow and nutrient cycles

1. Core content

Energy flow through ecosystems and relationship to trophic structure (food pyramids):

- Trophic levels: producers, consumers (herbivores and carnivores and omnivores , decomposers (link with Grade 9 and nutrition in Grade 11);

- Flow charts of the following: nutrients water, oxygen, carbon and nitrogen cycles (Names, e.g., nitrates are required but no detail of

chemistry is necessary)