The skin consists of 2 layers the epidermis and the dermis.  The subcutaneous tissue and muscle layer are not part of the skin. 

Epidermis consists of 5 layers.

• Stratum Corneum-Layer consisting of 20-30 layers of dead  keratinocytes

• Stratum Lucidum-Only in thick skin, a translucent thin layer of  flattened keratinocytes with vague boundaries

• Stratum Granulosum-Layer containing  granules that help in waterproofing and  keratin formation

• Stratum Spinosum-Layer that contains thick web bundles made of pre-keratin protein, one of the layers to receive nourishment from the dermis

• Stratum Basale-Single row of cells above the dermis, constantly forming new cells and the other layer nourished by the dermis

The dermis consists of 2 layers.

• Papillary layer-A network of capillaries is found here, and they supply nutrients for the epidermal layers and also allow heat to diffuse from the skin 

• Reticular layer-The deepest layer that contains arteries and veins

Common Pathologies 

• Acne

• Psoriasis

• Eczema

• Vitiligo

Resource list

Marieb, E. N., & Smith, L. A. (2016). Human Anatomy & Physiology Laboratory Manual (11th ed.). Pearson.

(n.d.). Skin Diseases. Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved May 6, 2023, from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21573-skin-diseases. 

Tortora, G. J., & Derrickson, B. (2006). Principles Of Anatomy And Physiology (11th ed.). John Wiley & Sons INC.