Hepatobiliary Tract

Liver Structures

Right Lobe-Large lobe.
Left Lobe-Smaller lobe.
Falciform Ligament-Folded peritoneum.
Ligamentum Teres-Remnant of the umbilical vein of a fetus.
Coronary Ligament-Narrow extensions of the parietal peritoneum that suspends the liver from the diaphragm.
Glisson's capsule-Fibrous and serous coat that surrounds the liver.

Jaundice-Yellowish coloration of the eyes, skin, and mucous membrane caused by a buildup of bilirubin.

Cirrhosis-Degenerative disease resulting in scarring and liver failure.

Hepatitis-Inflammation of the liver that is caused by viral infection, alcohol consumption, health conditions, and medications.

Ascites-Build of fluid in the abdomen due to severe liver disease.

Liver Resection

Removal of partial or whole liver due to carcinoma.

Gallbladder Structures

Fundus-Broad portion that projects inferiorly beyond the inferior border of the liver.
Body-Central portion that projects superiorly.
Neck-Tapered portion that projects superiorly.
Common bile duct-Union of the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct.
Common hepatic duct-The junction of the left and right common hepatic duct.
Cystic duct-Connects the gallbladder to the common hepatic duct.
Triangle of Calot-Anatomical triangle formed from the cystic duct, common hepatic duct, and the inferior border of the liver. Used to locate the cystic artey.

Cholelithiasis (Gallstones)

Cholelithiasis-Gallstones form in the gallbladder, causing pain. These stones are classified as either cholesterol or pigmented.

Cholecysititis

Cholecystitis-When bile builds up in the gallbladder, causing pressure and infections. Gallstones are a common cause, but other causes are trauma, disease, and infection.

Open and Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Pancreas Structures

Head-Lies within the duodenal curve.
Body-Tapered left side that extends slightly upwards.
Tail-Narrow usually reaches the gastric surface of the spleen.
Pancreatic duct-Duct joining the Pancreas and the common bile duct and secret pancreatic enzymes.
Pancreatic islets-Endocrine secreting glands that maintain blood sugar.
Parenchyma -Divided into lobules consisting of acini. Acini is an exocrine-secreting gland.

Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic cancer is most prevalent on the pancreatic head.
Lesions in the area tend to grow to a large size and metastasize prior to the onset of symptoms.
Pancreatitis is associated with both primary pancreatic tumors and metastases, from gastric cancer.

Pancreatectomy (Total)

Whipple Procedure (Pancreaticoduodenectomy)

Spleen Structures

Gastric surface-Stomach indentation on the visceral surface.

Renal surface-Kidney indentation on the visceral surface.

Capsule-Dense connective tissue surrounding and covering the spleen.

White pulp-Lymphatic tissue is made up of lymphocytes and macrophages.

Red pulp-Blood filled venous sinuses and cords splenic tissue.

Splenic artery-Divides into two branches that divide into more branches. The artery branches from the celiac truck of the aorta. In some people, it's a direct aortic branch.

Splenic vein-Appears from the hilum of the spleen

Trabecula-Provides internal support and transports blood vessels.

Ruptured Spleen

Most damage organ in cases of abdominal trauma due to crushing Injury that causes significant hemorrhage and shock.

Open Splenectomy

Surgical removal of the spleen. Complete visualization of is used for this procedure.

Laparoscopic Splenectomy

Resource list

Frey, K. B. (2018). Surgical Technology For The Surgical Technologist (5th ed.). Cengage Learning.

Marieb, E. N., & Smith, L. A. (2016). Human Anatomy & Physiology Laboratory Manual (11th ed.). Pearson.

Tortora, G. J., & Derrickson, B. (2006). Principles Of Anatomy And Physiology (11th ed.). John Wiley & Sons INC.

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