Project 1A
Title: Descubren un nuevo tiburón luciérnaga enano que brilla en la oscuridad/ Discover a new dwarf firefly shark that glows in the dark.
Source: Psicología y Mente.
Spanish article: https://psicologiaymente.com/cultura/ejemplos-articulos-divulgacion-cientifica
Tool used: DeppL, Matecat
Source Text DeepL Matecat
Descubren un nuevo 'tiburón luciérnaga' enano que brilla en la oscuridad
Un equipo de científicos estadounidenses ha identificado una nueva especie de tiburón enano, al que se le ha denominado ‘tiburón enano americano’ (‘Molisquama Mississippiensis’). Esta nueva criatura se añade así a los ya 465 escualos identificados. Este animal mide tan solo cinco pulgadas y media (unos 14 centímetros) y fue hallado en el Golfo de México en 2010. “En la historia de la ciencia de la pesca, solo se han capturado dos tipos de tiburón enano”, ha asegurado Mark Grace, uno de los investigadores involucrados en el hallazgo, en declaraciones recogidas por la propia Universidad de Tulane, para remarcar la importancia del hallazgo.
El único antecedente similar registrado fue un pequeño marrajo capturado en el Océano Pacífico Oriental en 1979 y que se encuentra en el Museo Zoológico de San Petersburgo (Rusia). “Se trata de dos especies diferentes, cada una de océanos diferentes. Y ambas extremadamente raras”, han puntualizado los responsables del estudio.
Henri Bart, investigador y director del Instituto de Biodiversidad en la Universidad de Tulane, ha afirmado que el descubrimiento pone de manifiesto que queda mucho por conocer del Golfo de México, "especialmente de la zona acuática más profunda" así como "las nuevas especies que quedan por descubrirse".
¿Cómo es?
Los científicos del estudio, como decimos, han encontrado diferencias notables con el anterior 'tiburón luciérnaga', ya que presenta menos vértebras y numerosos fotóforos (órganos que emiten luz que se ven como puntos luminosos en la piel de los animales). Ambos especímenes cuentan con pequeñas bolsas a cada lado y cerca de las branquias que son las responsables de producir el fluido que les permite brillar en la oscuridad.
La bioluminiscencia no es exclusiva de esta especie, ya que cumple gran cantidad de funciones: las luciérnagas, por ejemplo, la utilizan para encontrar pareja, pero muchos peces la usan para atraer a sus presas y pescarlas. La Administración Atmosférica y Oceánica Nacional (NOAA, por sus siglas en inglés), que trabaja de manera conjunta con la citada universidad, estima que en torno al 90% de los animales que viven en aguas abiertas son bioluminiscentes, aunque la investigación en criaturas de aguas profundas es muy escasa, tal y como recoge la cadena CNN.
El descubrimiento
Este nuevo tiburón de pequeño tamaño fue recogido en 2010 cuando el barco ‘Piscis’, dependiente de la NOAA, estudiaba la alimentación del cachalote. Sin embargo, no se percataron del hallazgo hasta tres años después, mientras se examinaba las muestras recogidas. El científico solicitó a la Universidad de Tulane que archivara el espécimen en su colección de peces y poco después, emprendieron un nuevo estudio para averiguar de qué tipo de organismo se trataba.
La identificación del tiburón implicó examinar y fotografiar las características externas del animal capturado con un microscopio de disección, así como estudiar imágenes radiográficas (rayos X) y tomografías computarizadas de alta resolución. Las imágenes más sofisticadas de las características internas del tiburón se tomaron en el Laboratorio Europeo de Radiación Sincrotrón (ESRF) en Grenoble (Francia), que utiliza la fuente más intensa de luz generada por sincrotrón (un tipo de acelerador de partículas) en el mundo, para producir rayos X 100.000 millones de veces más brillantes que las radiografías que se utilizan en los hospitales.
New dwarf glow-in-the-dark 'firefly shark' discovered
A team of U.S. scientists have identified a new species of dwarf shark, which has been named the 'American dwarf shark' ('Molisquama Mississippiensis'). This new creature is added to the 465 sharks already identified. This animal measures only five and a half inches (about 14 centimeters) and was found in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010. "In the history of fisheries science, only two types of dwarf sharks have ever been caught," said Mark Grace, one of the researchers involved in the discovery, in a statement published by Tulane University, to emphasize the importance of the finding.
The only similar precedent recorded was a small shortfin mako shark caught in the Eastern Pacific Ocean in 1979 and housed in the Zoological Museum of St. Petersburg (Russia). "These are two different species, each from different oceans. And both extremely rare," said those responsible for the study.
Henri Bart, researcher and director of the Biodiversity Institute at Tulane University, said that the discovery shows that there is still much to know about the Gulf of Mexico, "especially the deeper aquatic zone" as well as "the new species that remain to be discovered".
What is it like?
The scientists of the study, as we have said, have found notable differences with the previous 'firefly shark', since it has fewer vertebrae and numerous photophores (organs that emit light that are seen as luminous points on the skin of the animals). Both specimens have small pouches on each side and near the gills that are responsible for producing the fluid that allows them to glow in the dark.
Bioluminescence is not unique to this species, as it serves many functions: fireflies, for example, use it to find mates, but many fish use it to attract prey and catch them. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), which is working with the university, estimates that around 90% of animals living in open water are bioluminescent, although research on deep-sea creatures is very scarce, as reported by CNN.
The discovery
This new small shark was collected in 2010 when the NOAA ship 'Pisces' was studying the feeding of the sperm whale. However, they did not notice the discovery until three years later, while examining the collected samples. The scientist asked Tulane University to archive the specimen in their fish collection and soon after, they undertook a new study to find out what type of organism it was.
Identification of the shark involved examining and photographing the external features of the captured animal with a dissecting microscope, as well as studying radiographic (X-ray) images and high-resolution CT scans. The most sophisticated images of the shark's internal features were taken at the European Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (ESRF) in Grenoble, France, which uses the most intense source of synchrotron-generated light (a type of particle accelerator) in the world to produce X-rays 100 billion times brighter than X-rays used in hospitals.
They discover a new dwarf 'firefly shark' that glows in the dark
A team of American scientists have identified a new species of dwarf shark, which has been named 'American dwarf shark' ('Molisquama Mississippiensis'). This new creature is thus added to the already 465 identified sharks. This animal measures only five and a half inches (about 14 centimeters) and was found in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010. “In the history of fishing science, only two types of dwarf shark have been caught,” Mark said. Grace, one of the researchers involved in the discovery, in statements collected by Tulane University itself, to highlight the importance of the discovery.
The only similar record recorded was a small mako shark captured in the Eastern Pacific Ocean in 1979 and found in the St. Petersburg Zoological Museum (Russia). “These are two different species, each from different oceans. And both extremely rare,” those responsible for the study have pointed out.
Henri Bart, researcher and director of the Biodiversity Institute at Tulane University, said that the discovery shows that there is much left to know about the Gulf of Mexico, "especially the deepest aquatic zone" as well as "the new species that remain to be discovered."
How is?
The scientists of the study, as we say, have found notable differences with the previous 'firefly shark', since it has fewer vertebrae and numerous photophores (organs that emit light that are seen as luminous points on the animals' skin). Both specimens have small bags on each side and near the gills that are responsible for producing the fluid that allows them to glow in the dark.
Bioluminescence is not exclusive to this species, since it fulfills a large number of functions: fireflies, for example, use it to find a mate, but many fish use it to attract their prey and catch them. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), which works jointly with the aforementioned university, estimates that around 90% of animals that live in open water are bioluminescent, although research on creatures of Deep water is very scarce, as reported by CNN.
The discovery
This new small shark was collected in 2010 when the NOAA ship 'Pisces' was studying the diet of the sperm whale. However, they did not notice the discovery until three years later, while the collected samples were being examined. The scientist asked Tulane University to archive the specimen in its fish collection and soon after, they undertook a new study to find out what type of organism it was.
Identification of the shark involved examining and photographing the external features of the captured animal with a dissecting microscope, as well as studying radiographic (X-ray) images and high-resolution CT scans. The most sophisticated images of the shark's internal features were taken at the European Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (ESRF) in Grenoble, France, which uses the most intense source of synchrotron-generated light (a type of particle accelerator) in the world., to produce X-rays 100 billion times brighter than
X-rays used in hospital.
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