ITskillUp - PowerShell

PowerShell:

PowerShell is a command-line shell and scripting language developed by Microsoft. It is designed to automate administrative tasks and manage systems in Windows environments.

PowerShell provides a powerful set of tools and features that allow users to interact with the operating system and perform various tasks efficiently.

PowerShell cmdlets (programs that interact with PowerShell).
PowerShell Scripts (files with a .ps1 extension).

PowerShell cmdlets:

One of the key features of PowerShell is its extensive use of cmdlets (pronounced command-lets). Cmdlets are small, single-purpose commands that perform specific actions, such as managing files, manipulating data, interacting with services, and more. These cmdlets follow a consistent naming convention, making it easy to understand their purpose and usage.

PowerShell Scripts:

In addition to using individual cmdlets, PowerShell allows users to write scripts using its scripting language. PowerShell scripting involves writing a series of commands and instructions that can be executed as a single unit. Scripts can include cmdlets, logical operations, loops, and variables, enabling automation of complex tasks and workflows.

By combining the use of cmdlets and PowerShell scripting, system administrators can automate repetitive tasks, configure system settings, manage resources, and perform various administrative actions efficiently and save time and effort.

PowerShell (Cmdlet) - Basic commands

Get-Date

The "Get-Date" cmdlet retrieves a DateTime object that represents the current date and time. It allows us to format the date and time in various Windows and UNIX formats. Additionally, Get-Date can be utilized to generate a specific date or time.

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Date

08 June 2023 19:08:12

Below command gets a DateTime object, but it displays only date or only time or date and time. It uses the DisplayHint parameter to indicate that only date or only time or date and time to be displayed.

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Date

15 June 2023 02:09:51

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Date -DisplayHint DateTime

15 June 2023 02:09:57

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Date -DisplayHint Date

15 June 2023

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Date -DisplayHint Time

02:10:09

Below command gets the current date and time and formats it in short-date and short-time format. It uses the .NET Framework g format specifier (General [short date and short time]) to specify the format.

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Date -Format g

08-06-2023 19:16

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Date -Format "yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss"

2023-06-15 01:27:58

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Date -Format "yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss dddd"

2023-06-15 01:28:04 Thursday

Below command gets the current date and time and formats it as specified by the command (Unix format). In this case, the format includes the full year (%Y), the two-digit numeric month (%m), the date (%d), the full day of the week (%A), the hour, minutes, seconds.

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Date -UFormat "%Y-%m-%d %A %H:%M:%S"

2023-06-08 Thursday 19:20:47

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Date -UFormat "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %A"

2023-06-15 01:30:49 Thursday

Set-Date

The Set-Date cmdlet changes the system date and time on the computer to a date and time that we specify. (We require to launch the PowerShell as Administrator to run the Set-Date command)

Add 5 days to the system date: This command adds 5 days to the current system date.

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> Set-Date -Date (Get-Date).AddDays(5)

20 June 2023 01:50:07

Sets current system date back by 5 days: This command adds -5 days to the current system date.

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> Set-Date -Date (Get-Date).AddDays(-5)

15 June 2023 01:50:41

Name MemberType Definition

————— —————————— ———————————

AddDays Method datetime AddDays(double value)

AddMonths Method datetime AddMonths(int months)

AddYears Method datetime AddYears(int value)

AddHours Method datetime AddHours(double value)

AddMinutes Method datetime AddMinutes(double value)

AddSeconds Method datetime AddSeconds(double value)

AddMilliseconds Method datetime AddMilliseconds(double value)

We can also get the required date time values as bellow.

PS C:\Users\HARI> $c_date=Get-Date

PS C:\Users\HARI>

PS C:\Users\HARI> $c_date

15 June 2023 13:10:45

PS C:\Users\HARI> $c_date.AddDays(5)

20 June 2023 13:10:45

PS C:\Users\HARI> $c_date

15 June 2023 13:10:45

PS C:\Users\HARI> $c_date.AddMonths(1)

15 July 2023 13:10:45

PS C:\Users\HARI> $c_date.AddYears(1)

15 June 2024 13:10:45

PS C:\Users\HARI> $c_date.AddHours(1)

15 June 2023 14:10:45

PS C:\Users\HARI> $c_date.AddMinutes(30)

15 June 2023 13:40:45

PS C:\Users\HARI> $c_date=((Get-Date).AddDays(1)).addhours(-2)

PS C:\Users\HARI>

PS C:\Users\HARI> $c_date

16 June 2023 11:30:32

Get-Process

The "Get-Process" command retrieves information about running processes on a Windows system. It provides a list of currently running processes, including their names, process IDs (PIDs), memory usage, and other details. Refer the below sample data.

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Process

Handles NPM(K) PM(K) WS(K) CPU(s) Id SI ProcessName

------- ------ ----- ----- ------ -- -- -----------

150 9 2668 3308 6020 0 AggregatorHost

204 15 19136 6332 3.63 59324 1 ai

421 25 16988 27228 14.80 2448 1 ApplicationFrameHost

160 9 1864 1196 0.03 44156 1 AppVShNotify

933 55 77672 18236 4,323.86 13756 1 atmgr

204 13 3148 4964 24.67 7924 1 AutoModeDetect

316 32 17684 868 0.13 57580 1 backgroundTaskHost

239 14 4940 3484 0.05 62984 1 backgroundTaskHost

300 18 29900 63160 0.38 7972 1 chrome

543 21 68100 117204 3.97 8956 1 chrome

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Process -Name PowerShell

Handles NPM(K) PM(K) WS(K) CPU(s) Id SI ProcessName

------- ------ ----- ----- ------ -- -- -----------

713 32 60608 73144 3.73 66280 1 powershell

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Process -Name WmiPrvSE

Handles NPM(K) PM(K) WS(K) CPU(s) Id SI ProcessName

------- ------ ----- ----- ------ -- -- -----------

376 21 33172 7852 7212 0 WmiPrvSE

174 11 2740 10128 49204 0 WmiPrvSE

401 21 13956 24924 53360 0 WmiPrvSE

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Process -id 67548

Handles NPM(K) PM(K) WS(K) CPU(s) Id SI ProcessName

------- ------ ----- ----- ------ -- -- -----------

932 44 71428 61056 21.33 67548 1 WindowsTerminal

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Process | Format-Table Name, Id, CPU

Name Id CPU

---- -- ---

AggregatorHost 6020

ai 59324 3.65625

ApplicationFrameHost 2448 14.796875

AppVShNotify 44156 0.03125

atmgr 13756 4325.46875

audiodg 61232 0.046875

AutoModeDetect 7924 24.6875

backgroundTaskHost 57580 0.125

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Process | Select-Object Name, ID, CPU

Name Id CPU

---- -- ---

AggregatorHost 6020

ai 59324 3.65625

ApplicationFrameHost 2448 14.796875

AppVShNotify 44156 0.03125

atmgr 13756 4325.984375

audiodg 61232 0.046875

AutoModeDetect 7924 24.703125

backgroundTaskHost 57580 0.125

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Process | Where-Object { $_.CPU -gt 50 }

Handles NPM(K) PM(K) WS(K) CPU(s) Id SI ProcessName

------- ------ ----- ----- ------ -- -- -----------

933 55 77672 18448 4,326.33 13756 1 atmgr

386 21 80916 99700 53.86 9052 1 chrome

587 26 214032 204788 675.94 20200 1 chrome

1595 83 719964 256016 9,943.72 28532 1 chrome

382 19 137972 129948 196.19 30596 1 chrome

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Process | Group-Object ProcessName | Select-Object Name, Count

Name Count

---- -----

AggregatorHost 1

ai 1

ApplicationFrameHost 1

AppVShNotify 1

atmgr 1

AutoModeDetect 1

backgroundTaskHost 2

chrome 29

conhost 5

Stop-Process

The "Stop-Process" cmdlet in PowerShell is used to terminate one or more running processes on a Windows system. It allows you to stop processes based on their process ID (PID) or by specifying their names.

PS C:\Users\HARI> Stop-Process -Name chrome

PS C:\Users\HARI>

PS C:\Users\HARI> Stop-Process -Name chrome, msedge

PS C:\Users\HARI>

PS C:\Users\HARI> Stop-Process -Id 1234

PS C:\Users\HARI>

PS C:\Users\HARI> Stop-Process -Id 1234, 5678, 9012

PS C:\Users\HARI>

PS C:\Users\HARI> Stop-Process -Id <ProcessID> -Force

PS C:\Users\HARI>

PS C:\Users\HARI> Stop-Process -Id 1234 -Force

PS C:\Users\HARI>

PS C:\Users\HARI> Stop-Process -Name *notepad*

PS C:\Users\HARI>

Start-Process

The "Start-Process" cmdlet in PowerShell is used to launch an executable or start a new process on a Windows system. It allows to open applications, run scripts, launch file or execute commands from within PowerShell.

PS C:\Users\HARI> Start-Process -FilePath <Path to Executable>

PS C:\Users\HARI>

PS C:\Users\HARI> Start-Process -FilePath "C:\Windows\System32\notepad.exe"

PS C:\Users\HARI>

PS C:\Users\HARI> Start-Process -FilePath "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\table.html"

PS C:\Users\HARI>

Get-Service

The "Get-Service" in PowerShell is used to retrieve information about services on a Windows system. It allows to view the status, startup type, and other details of installed services.

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Service

Status Name DisplayName

------ ---- -----------

Stopped AJRouter AllJoyn Router Service

Stopped ALG Application Layer Gateway Service

Stopped AppIDSvc Application Identity

Running Appinfo Application Information

Stopped AppReadiness App Readiness

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Service -Name <ServiceName>

PS C:\Users\HARI>

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Service -Name Appinfo

Status Name DisplayName

------ ---- -----------

Running Appinfo Application Information

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Service -Name Spooler

Status Name DisplayName

------ ---- -----------

Running Spooler Print Spooler

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Service -Name "Print*"

Status Name DisplayName

------ ---- -----------

Stopped PrintNotify Printer Extensions and Notifications

Running PrintWorkflowUs... PrintWorkflow_43a44

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Service -DisplayName "Print*"

Status Name DisplayName

------ ---- -----------

Stopped PrintNotify Printer Extensions and Notifications

Running PrintWorkflowUs... PrintWorkflow_43a44

Running Spooler Print Spooler

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Service -DisplayName "Print Spooler"

Status Name DisplayName

------ ---- -----------

Running Spooler Print Spooler

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Service | Format-Table Name, Status, StartType

Name Status StartType

---- ------ ---------

AJRouter Stopped Manual

ALG Stopped Manual

AppIDSvc Stopped Manual

Appinfo Running Manual

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Service | Select-Object Name, Status, StartType

Name Status StartType

---- ------ ---------

AJRouter Stopped Manual

ALG Stopped Manual

AppIDSvc Stopped Manual

Appinfo Running Manual

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Service | Where-Object { $_.Status -eq "Running" }

Status Name DisplayName

------ ---- -----------

Running Appinfo Application Information

Running AppXSvc AppX Deployment Service (AppXSVC)

Running AudioEndpointBu... Windows Audio Endpoint Builder

Running Audiosrv Windows Audio

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Service | Select-Object Name, Status, StartType | Where-Object { $_.Status -eq "Running" -and $_.StartType -eq "Automatic" }

Name Status StartType

---- ------ ---------

AudioEndpointBuilder Running Automatic

Audiosrv Running Automatic

BFE Running Automatic

BITS Running Automatic

BrokerInfrastructure Running Automatic

Stop-Service

The "Stop-Service" in PowerShell is used to stop one or more running services on a Windows system. It allows you to gracefully stop services by sending a stop signal to the specified services.

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> Stop-Service -Name "ServiceName"

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32>

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> Stop-Service -Name "Service1", "Service2", "Service3"

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32>

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> Stop-Service -Name "<ServiceName>" -Force

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32>

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> Get-Service -Name "Spooler"

Status Name DisplayName

------ ---- -----------

Running Spooler Print Spooler

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> Stop-Service -Name "Spooler"

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32>

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> Get-Service -Name "Spooler"

Status Name DisplayName

------ ---- -----------

Stopped Spooler Print Spooler

Start-Service

The "Start-Service" in PowerShell is used to start one or more stopped services on a Windows system. It allows to initiate the start process for the specified services.

Syntax Samples:

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> Start-Service -Name "<ServiceName>"

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32>

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> Start-Service -Name "Service1", "Service2", "Service3"

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32>

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> Start-Service -Name "ServiceName" -TimeoutSec 30

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32>

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> Start-Service -Name "ServiceName" -Delay 5

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32>

Examples:

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> Get-Service -Name "Spooler"

Status Name DisplayName

------ ---- -----------

Stopped Spooler Print Spooler

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32>

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> Start-Service -Name "Spooler"

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32>

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> Get-Service -Name "Spooler"

Status Name DisplayName

------ ---- -----------

Running Spooler Print Spooler

Get-Location

The "Get-Location" in PowerShell is used to retrieve the current working location, which represents the directory or folder we are currently in within the file system.

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Location

Path

----

C:\Users\HARI

PS C:\Users\HARI> pwd

Path

----

C:\Users\HARI

Set-Location

The "Set-Location" in PowerShell is used to change the current working location to a specified directory or folder within the file system. It allows to navigate to different directories within PowerShell.

PS C:\Users\HARI> Set-Location -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Documents"

PS C:\Users\HARI\Documents>

PS C:\Users\HARI\Documents> Get-Location

Path

----

C:\Users\HARI\Documents

PS C:\Users\HARI\Documents> Set-Location -Path "D:\"

PS D:\>

PS D:\> Get-Location

Path

----

D:\

PS D:\> Set-Location -Path "C:\Users\HARI\"

PS C:\Users\HARI>

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Location

Path

----

C:\Users\HARI

PS C:\Users\HARI>

PS C:\Users\HARI> Set-Location -Path ".\Documents"

PS C:\Users\HARI\Documents>

PS C:\Users\HARI\Documents> Get-Location

Path

----

C:\Users\HARI\Documents

PS C:\Users\HARI\Documents> pwd

Path

----

C:\Users\HARI\Documents

PS C:\Users\HARI\Documents>

PS C:\Users\HARI\Documents> cd ..

PS C:\Users\HARI>

PS C:\Users\HARI> pwd

Path

----

C:\Users\HARI

PS C:\Users\HARI> cd Documents

PS C:\Users\HARI\Documents>

PS C:\Users\HARI\Documents> pwd

Path

----

C:\Users\HARI\Documents

PS C:\Users\HARI\Documents>

Get-ChildItem

The "Get-ChildItem" cmdlet in PowerShell is used to retrieve the child items (files and directories) within a specified directory. It allows to list and access the contents of a directory.

PS C:\Users\HARI\Documents> Set-Location -Path "C:\Users\HARI\"

PS C:\Users\HARI>

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-ChildItem

Directory: C:\Users\HARI

Mode LastWriteTime Length Name

---- ------------- ------ ----

d-r--- 19-03-2023 00:27 Contacts

d-r--- 22-06-2023 17:10 Desktop

d-r--- 02-06-2023 15:47 Documents

d-r--- 22-06-2023 20:21 Downloads

d-r--- 19-03-2023 00:27 Favorites

d-r--- 19-03-2023 00:27 Links

d-r--- 19-03-2023 00:27 Music

dar--l 03-04-2023 19:37 OneDrive

d-r--- 19-03-2023 00:27 Pictures

d-r--- 19-03-2023 00:27 Saved Games

d-r--- 19-03-2023 00:27 Searches

d-r--- 19-06-2023 12:24 Videos

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-ChildItem -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Pictures"

Directory: C:\Users\HARI\Pictures

Mode LastWriteTime Length Name

---- ------------- ------ ----

d-r--- 02-10-2022 07:06 Camera Roll

d-r--- 02-10-2022 07:06 Saved Pictures

d-r--- 05-06-2023 21:34 Screenshots

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-ChildItem -Path "C:\Users\HARI\desktop" -Filter "*.html"

Directory: C:\Users\HARI\desktop

Mode LastWriteTime Length Name

---- ------------- ------ ----

-a---- 08-06-2023 13:57 4321 table.html

-a---- 08-06-2023 15:53 4298 table_2.html

PS C:\Users\HARI>

New-Item

The "New-Item" cmdlet in PowerShell is used to create a new item, such as a file or directory, in a specified location within the file system.

Syntax to create directory or file:

PS C:\Users\HARI> New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path "<File-Path>\<New Directory Name>"

PS C:\Users\HARI>

PS C:\Users\HARI> New-Item -ItemType File -Path "<File-Path>\<New File Name>"

PS C:\Users\HARI>

Examples:

PS C:\Users\HARI> New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Test Folder"

Directory: C:\Users\HARI\Desktop

Mode LastWriteTime Length Name

---- ------------- ------ ----

d----- 23-06-2023 10:42 Test Folder

PS C:\Users\HARI>

PS C:\Users\HARI> New-Item -ItemType File -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Test Folder\Test File.txt"

Directory: C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Test Folder

Mode LastWriteTime Length Name

---- ------------- ------ ----

-a---- 23-06-2023 10:50 0 Test File.txt

PS C:\Users\HARI>

PS C:\Users\HARI> New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder2", "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3"

Directory: C:\Users\HARI\Desktop

Mode LastWriteTime Length Name

---- ------------- ------ ----

d----- 23-06-2023 11:07 Folder2

d----- 23-06-2023 11:07 Folder3

PS C:\Users\HARI>

PS C:\Users\HARI> New-Item -ItemType File -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder2\File1.txt", "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder2\File2.txt"

Directory: C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder2

Mode LastWriteTime Length Name

---- ------------- ------ ----

-a---- 23-06-2023 11:08 0 File1.txt

-a---- 23-06-2023 11:08 0 File2.txt

PS C:\Users\HARI> New-Item -ItemType File -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder2\File3.txt" -Value "This is the content of the file."

Directory: C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder2

Mode LastWriteTime Length Name

---- ------------- ------ ----

-a---- 23-06-2023 11:11 32 File3.txt

PS C:\Users\HARI> New-Item -ItemType File -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder2\File4.txt" -Value "This is the content of the file 4."

Directory: C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder2

Mode LastWriteTime Length Name

---- ------------- ------ ----

-a---- 23-06-2023 11:18 34 File4.txt

Get-Content

The "Get-Content" cmdlet in PowerShell is used to read the contents of a file and display it in the PowerShell console.

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Content -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder2\File3.txt"

This is the content of the file.

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Content -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder2\File3.txt", "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder2\File4.txt"

This is the content of the file.

This is the content of the file 4.

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Content -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder2\File4.txt" >> "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder2\File5.txt"

PS C:\Users\HARI>

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Content -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder2\File5.txt"

This is the content of the file 4.

PS C:\Users\HARI>

PS C:\Users\HARI> gc -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder2\File4.txt"

This is the content of the file 4.

PS C:\Users\HARI>

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Content -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder2\File5.txt"

2023-05-22 10:15:21 [INFO] Application started.

2023-05-22 10:15:23 [DEBUG] Initializing database connection.

2023-05-22 10:15:25 [INFO] Database connection established successfully.

2023-05-22 10:15:27 [WARNING] Invalid input detected.

2023-05-22 10:15:27 [ERROR] Failed to process request: Invalid input format.

2023-05-22 10:15:30 [DEBUG] Sending data to external API.

2023-05-22 10:15:33 [DEBUG] Received response from API: 200 OK.

2023-05-22 10:15:35 [INFO] Application shutdown initiated.

2023-05-22 10:15:37 [INFO] Application shutdown completed.

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Content -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder2\File5.txt" | Select-String -Pattern "error"

2023-05-22 10:15:27 [ERROR] Failed to process request: Invalid input format.

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Content -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder2\File5.txt" | Select-String -Pattern "INFO"

2023-05-22 10:15:21 [INFO] Application started.

2023-05-22 10:15:25 [INFO] Database connection established successfully.

2023-05-22 10:15:35 [INFO] Application shutdown initiated.

2023-05-22 10:15:37 [INFO] Application shutdown completed.

2023-05-22 10:15:42 [INFO] Data processing completed successfully. Processed 100 records.

2023-05-22 10:15:50 [INFO] Report generated and saved to /var/logs/reports/report_20230522.pdf.

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Content -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder2\File5.txt" -Tail 5

2023-05-22 10:22:30 [DEBUG] Generating report.

2023-05-22 10:22:35 [INFO] Report generated and saved to /var/reports/weekly_report_202305.pdf.

2023-05-22 10:22:40 [DEBUG] Scheduled task: Report generation completed.

2023-05-22 10:22:45 [DEBUG] Exiting application.

2023-05-22 10:22:50 [INFO] Application exited.

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Content -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder2\File5.txt" -Head 5

2023-05-22 10:15:21 [INFO] Application started.

2023-05-22 10:15:23 [DEBUG] Initializing database connection.

2023-05-22 10:15:25 [INFO] Database connection established successfully.

2023-05-22 10:15:27 [WARNING] Invalid input detected.

2023-05-22 10:15:27 [ERROR] Failed to process request: Invalid input format.

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Content -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder2\File5.txt" | Select-Object -First 18

2023-05-22 10:15:21 [INFO] Application started.

2023-05-22 10:15:23 [DEBUG] Initializing database connection.

2023-05-22 10:15:25 [INFO] Database connection established successfully.

2023-05-22 10:15:27 [WARNING] Invalid input detected.

2023-05-22 10:15:27 [ERROR] Failed to process request: Invalid input format.

2023-05-22 10:15:30 [DEBUG] Sending data to external API.

2023-05-22 10:15:33 [DEBUG] Received response from API: 200 OK.

2023-05-22 10:15:35 [INFO] Application shutdown initiated.

2023-05-22 10:15:37 [INFO] Application shutdown completed.

2023-05-22 10:15:40 [DEBUG] Starting data processing.

2023-05-22 10:15:42 [INFO] Data processing completed successfully. Processed 100 records.

2023-05-22 10:15:45 [DEBUG] Generating report.

2023-05-22 10:15:50 [INFO] Report generated and saved to /var/logs/reports/report_20230522.pdf.

2023-05-22 10:15:52 [DEBUG] Archiving processed data.

2023-05-22 10:15:55 [INFO] Processed data archived successfully. Archive location: /var/data/archive_20230522.zip.

2023-05-22 10:15:58 [DEBUG] Cleaning up temporary files.

2023-05-22 10:16:00 [INFO] Temporary files cleaned up.

2023-05-22 10:16:02 [DEBUG] Exiting application.

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Content -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder2\File5.txt" | Select-Object -Skip 5 -First 10

2023-05-22 10:15:30 [DEBUG] Sending data to external API.

2023-05-22 10:15:33 [DEBUG] Received response from API: 200 OK.

2023-05-22 10:15:35 [INFO] Application shutdown initiated.

2023-05-22 10:15:37 [INFO] Application shutdown completed.

2023-05-22 10:15:40 [DEBUG] Starting data processing.

2023-05-22 10:15:42 [INFO] Data processing completed successfully. Processed 100 records.

2023-05-22 10:15:45 [DEBUG] Generating report.

2023-05-22 10:15:50 [INFO] Report generated and saved to /var/logs/reports/report_20230522.pdf.

2023-05-22 10:15:52 [DEBUG] Archiving processed data.

2023-05-22 10:15:55 [INFO] Processed data archived successfully. Archive location: /var/data/archive_20230522.zip.

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Content -Path "\\RemoteServer\Share\File.txt"

Add-Content

The "Add-Content" cmdlet in PowerShell is used to append content to the end of a file. It allows to add new data or text to an existing file without overwriting the existing content.

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Content -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder2\File4.txt"

This is the content of the file 4.

PS C:\Users\HARI> Add-Content -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder2\File4.txt" -Value "This is the new line of content updated."

PS C:\Users\HARI>

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Content -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder2\File4.txt"

This is the content of the file 4.This is the new line of content updated.

PS C:\Users\HARI> Add-Content -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder2\File4.txt" -Value "New line 1`nNew line 2`nNew line 3"

PS C:\Users\HARI>

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Content -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder2\File4.txt"

This is the content of the file 4.This is the new line of content updated.

New line 1

New line 2

New line 3

PS C:\Users\HARI>

Out-File

The "Out-File" cmdlet in PowerShell is used to save the output of a command or script to a file. It allows to redirect the output to a file for later use or analysis. The "Out-File" cmdlet provides more control over the file output, including the ability to specify the encoding, append content to an existing file, and customize the formatting of the output.

PS C:\Users\HARI> "This is sample test to test" | Out-File -FilePath "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder2\File4.txt"

PS C:\Users\HARI>

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Content -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder2\File4.txt"

This is sample test to test

PS C:\Users\HARI> "This is sample test to test Append option." | Out-File -FilePath "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder2\File4.txt" -Append

PS C:\Users\HARI>

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Content -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder2\File4.txt"

This is sample test to test

This is sample test to test Append option.

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Service | Out-File -FilePath "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder2\File3.txt"

PS C:\Users\HARI>

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-Content -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder2\File3.txt" -Head 8

Status Name DisplayName

------ ---- -----------

Stopped AJRouter AllJoyn Router Service

Stopped ALG Application Layer Gateway Service

Stopped AppIDSvc Application Identity

Running Appinfo Application Information

Stopped AppReadiness App Readiness

Copy-Item

The "Copy-Item" cmdlet in PowerShell is used to copy files and directories from one location to another. It allows to duplicate files and directories within the same location or across different locations.

The "Copy-Item" cmdlet uses several additional parameters that allow to customize the copy operation:

- Recurse : Allows to copy directories recursively, including all subdirectories and files.
- Force : Allows to overwrite existing files in the destination folder without prompting for confirmation.
- Filter : Allows to specify a wildcard pattern to filter the files to be copied.
- Exclude : Allows to specify a wildcard pattern to exclude certain files from being copied.
- Container: Allows to copy the container folder without its content.

Copy file to directory/folder:

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop> Copy-Item -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder2\File1.txt" -Destination "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3\"

Copy multiple files to directory/folder:

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop> Copy-Item -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder2\File2.txt", "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder2\File3.txt" -Destination "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3\"

Rename file while copying to directory/folder:

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop> Copy-Item -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder2\File4.txt" -Destination "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3\File_Renamed.txt"

Refer the below for results to above commands (cmdlet's):

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop> Get-ChildItem -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3"

Directory: C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3

Mode LastWriteTime Length Name

---- ------------- ------ ----

-a---- 23-06-2023 11:08 0 File1.txt

-a---- 23-06-2023 11:08 0 File2.txt

-a---- 23-06-2023 17:20 40950 File3.txt

-a---- 23-06-2023 14:31 150 File_Renamed.txt

Copy directory to another directory/folder with all subdirectories and files:

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop> Copy-Item -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3" -Destination "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder1" -Recurse

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop>

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop> Get-ChildItem -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder1"

Directory: C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder1

Mode LastWriteTime Length Name

---- ------------- ------ ----

d----- 23-06-2023 22:31 Folder3

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop> Get-ChildItem -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder1\Folder3"

Directory: C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder1\Folder3

Mode LastWriteTime Length Name

---- ------------- ------ ----

-a---- 23-06-2023 11:08 0 File1.txt

-a---- 23-06-2023 11:08 0 File2.txt

-a---- 23-06-2023 17:20 40950 File3.txt

-a---- 23-06-2023 14:31 150 File_Renamed.txt

Move-Item

The "Move-Item" cmdlet in PowerShell is used to move a file or directory from one location to another. It allows to relocate files and directories within the same location or across different locations.

The "Move-Item" cmdlet uses several additional parameters that allow to customize the move operation, some are:

- Recurse : Allows to copy directories recursively, including all subdirectories and files.
- Force : Allows to overwrite existing files in the destination folder without prompting for confirmation.
- Filter : Allows to specify a wildcard pattern to filter the files to be copied.

Current directory information:

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3> Get-Location

Path

----

C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3> Get-ChildItem -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3"

Directory: C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3

Mode LastWriteTime Length Name

---- ------------- ------ ----

d----- 27-06-2023 02:13 Dir1

d----- 27-06-2023 02:07 Dir2

d----- 27-06-2023 02:16 Dir3

d----- 27-06-2023 02:16 Dir4

d----- 27-06-2023 02:16 Dir5

-a---- 23-06-2023 11:08 0 File1.txt

-a---- 23-06-2023 11:08 0 File2.txt

-a---- 23-06-2023 17:20 40950 File3.txt

-a---- 23-06-2023 14:31 150 File_Renamed.txt

-a---- 27-06-2023 02:04 0 test.txt

Move file to directory/folder:

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3> Move-Item -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3\File1.txt" -Destination "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3\Dir1"

Rename file while moving to directory/folder:

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3> Move-Item -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3\File2.txt" -Destination "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3\Dir1\NewName.txt"

Move directory to directory/folder:

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3> Move-Item -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3\Dir2" -Destination "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3\Dir1"

Move file to directory/folder forcefully:

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3> Move-Item -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3\File3.txt" -Destination "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3\Dir1" -Force

Move directory to another directory/folder forcefully:

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3> Move-Item -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3\Dir3" -Destination "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3\Dir1" -Force

Refer the below for results to above commands (cmdlet's):

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3> Get-ChildItem -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3"

Directory: C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3

Mode LastWriteTime Length Name

---- ------------- ------ ----

d----- 27-06-2023 02:13 Dir1

d----- 27-06-2023 02:16 Dir4

d----- 27-06-2023 02:16 Dir5

-a---- 23-06-2023 14:31 150 File_Renamed.txt

-a---- 27-06-2023 02:04 0 test.txt

Move files which match with pattern to another directory/folder:

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3> Move-Item -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3\*.txt" -Destination "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3\Dir1"

Refer the below for results to above commands (cmdlet's):

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3> Get-ChildItem -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3"

Directory: C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3

Mode LastWriteTime Length Name

---- ------------- ------ ----

d----- 27-06-2023 02:24 Dir1

d----- 27-06-2023 02:16 Dir4

d----- 27-06-2023 02:16 Dir5

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3> Get-ChildItem -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3\Dir1\"

Directory: C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3\Dir1

Mode LastWriteTime Length Name

---- ------------- ------ ----

d----- 27-06-2023 02:07 Dir2

d----- 27-06-2023 02:16 Dir3

-a---- 23-06-2023 11:08 0 File1.txt

-a---- 23-06-2023 17:20 40950 File3.txt

-a---- 23-06-2023 14:31 150 File_Renamed.txt

-a---- 23-06-2023 11:08 0 NewName.txt

-a---- 27-06-2023 02:04 0 test.txt

Remove-Item

The "Remove-Item" cmdlet in PowerShell is used to delete files and directories. It allows to remove individual files, empty directories, or directories and their contents.

The "Remove-Item" cmdlet uses several additional parameters that allow to customize the remove operation, some are:

Force : Allows to force the deletion of read-only files or directories.
Filter : Allows to specify a wildcard pattern to filter the files or directories to be deleted.
Exclude : Allows to specify a wildcard pattern to exclude certain files or directories from being deleted.

Current directory information:

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3> Get-ChildItem -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3"

Directory: C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3

Mode LastWriteTime Length Name

---- ------------- ------ ----

d----- 27-06-2023 02:24 Dir1

d----- 27-06-2023 02:16 Dir4

d----- 27-06-2023 02:16 Dir5

d----- 27-06-2023 11:56 Dir6

d----- 27-06-2023 12:00 Dir8

-a---- 27-06-2023 11:28 0 file1.txt

-a---- 27-06-2023 11:28 0 file2.txt

-a---- 27-06-2023 11:28 0 file3.txt

-a---- 27-06-2023 11:29 0 file4.txt

-a---- 27-06-2023 11:29 0 file5.txt

-a---- 27-06-2023 11:54 0 file6.txt

Remove a file:

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3> Remove-Item -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3\file1.txt"

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3> Remove-Item -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3\file2.txt" -Force

Remove Multiple Files:

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3> Remove-Item -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3\file3.txt", "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3\file4.txt"

Remove directory:

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3> Remove-Item -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3\Dir6"

Remove directory and its contents with the "-Recurse" parameter:

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3> Remove-Item -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3\Dir8" -Recurse

Refer the below for results to above commands (cmdlet's):

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3> Get-ChildItem -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3"

Directory: C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3

Mode LastWriteTime Length Name

---- ------------- ------ ----

d----- 27-06-2023 02:24 Dir1

d----- 27-06-2023 02:16 Dir4

d----- 27-06-2023 02:16 Dir5

-a---- 27-06-2023 11:29 0 file5.txt

-a---- 27-06-2023 11:54 0 file6.txt

Test-Path

The "Test-Path" cmdlet in PowerShell is used to check whether a file or directory exists at a specified path. It returns a Boolean value (True or False) indicating the existence of the item.

Current directory information:

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3> Get-ChildItem -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3"

Directory: C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3

Mode LastWriteTime Length Name

---- ------------- ------ ----

d----- 27-06-2023 02:24 Dir1

d----- 27-06-2023 02:16 Dir4

d----- 27-06-2023 02:16 Dir5

-a---- 27-06-2023 11:29 0 file5.txt

-a---- 27-06-2023 11:54 0 file6.txt

Test the existence of a file:

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3> Test-Path -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3\file5.txt"

True

Test the existence of a directory:

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3> Test-Path -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3"

True

Test the Existence of Multiple Paths:

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3> Test-Path -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3\file5.txt", "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3\file6.txt"

True

Test the Existence of Wildcard Patterns:

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3> Test-Path -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3\*.txt"

True

Clear-Host

The "Clear-Host" cmdlet in PowerShell is used to clear the contents of the console window, providing a clean and empty slate for new output.

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3> Clear-Host

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3>

Select-String

The "Select-String" cmdlet in PowerShell is used to search for text patterns or regular expressions within files or strings. It returns the matching lines or patterns found in the specified input.

Search for a pattern in a file:

Syntax:

Select-String -Path "FilePath\FileName" -Pattern "pattern"

Ex:

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3> Select-String -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3\File5.txt" -Pattern "Application"

File5.txt:1:2023-05-22 10:15:21 [INFO] Application started.

File5.txt:8:2023-05-22 10:15:35 [INFO] Application shutdown initiated.

File5.txt:9:2023-05-22 10:15:37 [INFO] Application shutdown completed.

File5.txt:18:2023-05-22 10:16:02 [DEBUG] Exiting application.

File5.txt:19:2023-05-22 10:16:04 [INFO] Application exited.

File5.txt:49:2023-05-22 10:18:10 [DEBUG] Exiting application.

File5.txt:50:2023-05-22 10:18:15 [INFO] Application exited.

File5.txt:104:2023-05-22 10:22:45 [DEBUG] Exiting application.

File5.txt:105:2023-05-22 10:22:50 [INFO] Application exited.

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3>

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3> Select-String -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3\File5.txt" -Pattern "ERROR"

File5.txt:5:2023-05-22 10:15:27 [ERROR] Failed to process request: Invalid input format.

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3>

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3> Select-String -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3\File5.txt" -Pattern "Error"

File5.txt:5:2023-05-22 10:15:27 [ERROR] Failed to process request: Invalid input format.

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3>

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3> Select-String -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3\File5.txt" -Pattern "ERROR" -CaseSensitive

File5.txt:5:2023-05-22 10:15:27 [ERROR] Failed to process request: Invalid input format.

Returns a Boolean value indicating if a match was found or not:

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3> Select-String -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3\File5.txt" -Pattern "ERROR" -Quiet

True

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3>

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3> Select-String -Path "C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3\File5.txt" -Pattern "Error" -Quiet

True

Search for a pattern in a string:

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop\Folder3> "Hello, World!" | Select-String -Pattern "World"

Hello, World!

Select-Object

The "Select-Object" cmdlet in PowerShell is used to select and manipulate specific properties of objects in the pipeline. It allows to choose the properties we want to include in the output and perform various operations on those properties.

First: This will return only first 5 lines from the result.

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> Get-Service | Select-Object -First 5

Status Name DisplayName

------ ---- -----------

Running AarSvc_4918a Agent Activation Runtime_4918a

Stopped AJRouter AllJoyn Router Service

Stopped ALG Application Layer Gateway Service

Stopped AppIDSvc Application Identity

Running Appinfo Application Information

Last: This will return only last 5 lines from the result.

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> Get-Service | Select-Object -Last 5

Status Name DisplayName

------ ---- -----------

Stopped WwanSvc WWAN AutoConfig

Stopped XblAuthManager Xbox Live Auth Manager

Stopped XblGameSave Xbox Live Game Save

Stopped XboxGipSvc Xbox Accessory Management Service

Stopped XboxNetApiSvc Xbox Live Networking Service

Filter: This will return last 2 lines from the first 5 lines of the result.

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> Get-Service | Select-Object -First 5 | Select-Object -Last 2

Status Name DisplayName

------ ---- -----------

Stopped AppIDSvc Application Identity

Running Appinfo Application Information

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> Get-Service | Select-Object -Property Name, Status -First 5

Name Status

---- ------

AarSvc_4918a Running

AJRouter Stopped

ALG Stopped

AppIDSvc Stopped

Appinfo Running

Unique: This will return unique data.

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> Get-Service | Select-Object -Property Status -Unique

Status

------

Running

Stopped

Skip: This will skip the first line from the result

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> Get-Service | Select-Object -Property Status -Unique | Select-Object -Skip 1

Status

------

Stopped

Set-Variable

The "Set-Variable" cmdlet in PowerShell is used to create or update a variable and assign a value to it.

Syntax:

Set-Variable -Name "VariableName" -Value "Value"

Creating a New Variable:

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop> Set-Variable -Name "MyVariable" -Value "Hello, World!"

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop>

Updating the Value of an Existing Variable:

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop> Set-Variable -Name "MyVariable" -Value "New Value"

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop>

Setting Variables from Command Output:

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop> Set-Variable -Name "Date" -Value $(Get-Date)

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop>

Variable Global Scopes:

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop> Set-Variable -Name "GlobalVariable" -Value "Global Value" -Scope Global

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop>

Read-Only Variables:

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop> Set-Variable -Name "ReadOnlyVariable" -Value "Read-only Value" -Option ReadOnly

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop>

Environment Variables:

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop> Set-Variable -Name "Username" -Value $env:USERNAME

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop>

Get-Variable

The "Get-Variable" cmdlet in PowerShell allows to retrieve information about variables in the current session.

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop> Get-Variable

Name Value

---- -----

Date 28-06-2023 13:45:53

GlobalVariable Global Value

MyVariable New Value

PWD C:\Users\HARI\Desktop

ReadOnlyVariable Read-only Value

Filter variable by name:

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop> Get-Variable -Name "myVariable"

Name Value

---- -----

MyVariable New Value

Filter variables by pattern:

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop> Get-Variable -Name "*myVariable"

Name Value

---- -----

MyVariable New Value

Read-Host

The "Read-Host" cmdlet in PowerShell allows to prompt the user to enter input interactively during script execution.

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop> Read-Host -Prompt "Enter your name"

Enter your name:

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop> $name = Read-Host -Prompt "Enter your name"

Enter your name:

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop> $name = Read-Host -Prompt "Enter your name"

Enter your name: Hari

Write-Host

The "Write-Host" cmdlet in PowerShell is used to display output in the console or terminal window. It allows to output text or other data to the screen.

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop> Write-Host "Hello, World!"

Hello, World!

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop> $name = "Hari"

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop> $age = 30

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop> Write-Host "Hello, $name! You are $age years old."

Hello, Hari! You are 30 years old.

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop> Write-Host "Name: $name"

Name: Hari

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop> Write-Host "Age: $age"

Age: 30

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop> Write-Host ("-" * 40)

----------------------------------------

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop>

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop> Write-Host ("-" * 5)

-----

Write-Output

The "Write-Output" cmdlet in PowerShell is used to send output to the pipeline. It allows to display information or pass data to the next command in the pipeline.

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop> Write-Output "Hello, World!"

Hello, World!

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop>

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop> $name = "Hari"

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop>

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop> $age = 30

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop>

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop> Write-Output "Name: $name"

Name: Hari

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop>

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop> Write-Output "Age: $age"

Age: 30

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop>

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop> Write-Output ("-" * 40)

----------------------------------------

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop>

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop> Write-Output "Hello, World!" ("-" * 40) "Name: $name" "Age: $age" ("-" * 40)

Hello, World!

----------------------------------------

Name: Hari

Age: 30

----------------------------------------

Get-Command

The "Get-Command" cmdlet in PowerShell is used to retrieve information about cmdlets, functions, scripts, and other executable commands available in PowerShell. It allows to search for specific commands, get details about their usage, and explore the available commands within PowerShell environment.

If we use "Get-Command" cmdlet without any arguments, we will get all the available commands in the current PowerShell session. Some displayed for reference.

PS C:\Users\HARI\Desktop> Get-Command

CommandType Name Version Source

----------- ---- ------- ------

Alias Add-AppPackage 2.0.1.0 Appx

Alias Add-AppPackageVolume 2.0.1.0 Appx

Alias Add-AppProvisionedPackage 3.0 Dism

Function Update-Script 1.0.0.1 PowerShellGet

Function Update-ScriptFileInfo 1.0.0.1 PowerShellGet

Cmdlet Clear-History 3.0.0.0 Microsoft.PowerShell.Core

Cmdlet Get-Process 3.1.0.0 Microsoft.PowerShell.Management

Cmdlet Write-Host 3.1.0.0 Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility

Cmdlet Write-Output 3.1.0.0 Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> Get-Command -Name Get-Process

CommandType Name Version Source

----------- ---- ------- ------

Cmdlet Get-Process 3.1.0.0 Microsoft.PowerShell.Management

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> Get-Command -Name Get-Service

CommandType Name Version Source

----------- ---- ------- ------

Cmdlet Get-Service 3.1.0.0 Microsoft.PowerShell.Management

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> Get-Command | Select-Object -First 5

CommandType Name Version Source

----------- ---- ------- ------

Alias Add-AppPackage 2.0.1.0 Appx

Alias Add-AppPackageVolume 2.0.1.0 Appx

Alias Add-AppProvisionedPackage 3.0 Dism

Alias Add-ProvisionedAppPackage 3.0 Dism

Alias Add-ProvisionedAppSharedPackageContainer 3.0 Dism

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> Get-Command -Name *-Service

CommandType Name Version Source

----------- ---- ------- ------

Cmdlet Get-Service 3.1.0.0 Microsoft.PowerShell.Management

Cmdlet New-Service 3.1.0.0 Microsoft.PowerShell.Management

Cmdlet Restart-Service 3.1.0.0 Microsoft.PowerShell.Management

Cmdlet Resume-Service 3.1.0.0 Microsoft.PowerShell.Management

Cmdlet Set-Service 3.1.0.0 Microsoft.PowerShell.Management

Cmdlet Start-Service 3.1.0.0 Microsoft.PowerShell.Management

Cmdlet Stop-Service 3.1.0.0 Microsoft.PowerShell.Management

Cmdlet Suspend-Service 3.1.0.0 Microsoft.PowerShell.Management

Get-Help

The "Get-Help" cmdlet in PowerShell is used to retrieve information about PowerShell commands, modules, functions, and other topics. It provides detailed documentation and examples to help us understand and use various PowerShell features

Syntax:

Get-Help <CommandName>

(OR)

Get-Help <CommandName> -Examples

(OR)

Get-Help <CommandName> -Detailed

(OR)

Get-Help <CommandName> -Full

Examples:

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> Get-Help Get-Date

NAME

Get-Date

SYNTAX

Get-Date [[-Date] <datetime>] [-Year <int>] [-Month <int>] [-Day <int>] [-Hour <int>] [-Minute <int>] [-Second <int>]

[-Millisecond <int>] [-DisplayHint {Date | Time | DateTime}] [-Format <string>] [<CommonParameters>]

Get-Date [[-Date] <datetime>] [-Year <int>] [-Month <int>] [-Day <int>] [-Hour <int>] [-Minute <int>] [-Second <int>]

[-Millisecond <int>] [-DisplayHint {Date | Time | DateTime}] [-UFormat <string>] [<CommonParameters>]

ALIASES

None

REMARKS

Get-Help cannot find the Help files for this cmdlet on this computer. It is displaying only partial help.

-- To download and install Help files for the module that includes this cmdlet, use Update-Help.

-- To view the Help topic for this cmdlet online, type: "Get-Help Get-Date -Online" or

go to https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=113313.

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> Get-Help Move-Item -Examples

NAME

Move-Item

ALIASES

mi

mv

move

REMARKS

Get-Help cannot find the Help files for this cmdlet on this computer. It is displaying only partial help.

-- To download and install Help files for the module that includes this cmdlet, use Update-Help.

-- To view the Help topic for this cmdlet online, type: "Get-Help Move-Item -Online" or

go to https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=113350.

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> Get-Help Move-Item -Detailed

NAME

Move-Item

SYNTAX

Move-Item [-Path] <string[]> [[-Destination] <string>] [-Force] [-Filter <string>] [-Include <string[]>] [-Exclude

<string[]>] [-PassThru] [-Credential <pscredential>] [-WhatIf] [-Confirm] [-UseTransaction] [<CommonParameters>]

Move-Item [[-Destination] <string>] -LiteralPath <string[]> [-Force] [-Filter <string>] [-Include <string[]>] [-Exclude

<string[]>] [-PassThru] [-Credential <pscredential>] [-WhatIf] [-Confirm] [-UseTransaction] [<CommonParameters>]

PARAMETERS

-Confirm

-Credential <pscredential>

-Destination <string>

-Exclude <string[]>

-Filter <string>

-Force

-Include <string[]>

-LiteralPath <string[]>

-PassThru

-Path <string[]>

-UseTransaction

-WhatIf

This cmdlet supports the common parameters: Verbose, Debug,

ErrorAction, ErrorVariable, WarningAction, WarningVariable,

OutBuffer, PipelineVariable, and OutVariable. For more information, see

about_CommonParameters (https:/go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=113216).

ALIASES

mi

mv

move

REMARKS

Get-Help cannot find the Help files for this cmdlet on this computer. It is displaying only partial help.

-- To download and install Help files for the module that includes this cmdlet, use Update-Help.

-- To view the Help topic for this cmdlet online, type: "Get-Help Move-Item -Online" or

go to https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=113350.

Get-Host

The "Get-Host" command displays information about the Windows PowerShell console, which is the current host program for Windows PowerShell.

PS C:\Users\HARI> Get-host

Name : ConsoleHost

Version : 5.1.22621.963

InstanceId : 1f0d1a86-68fc-43b2-a336-d0fd1ea364d0

UI : System.Management.Automation.Internal.Host.InternalHostUserInterface

CurrentCulture : en-IN

CurrentUICulture : en-US

PrivateData : Microsoft.PowerShell.ConsoleHost+ConsoleColorProxy

DebuggerEnabled : True

IsRunspacePushed : False

Runspace : System.Management.Automation.Runspaces.LocalRunspace

PS C:\Users\HARI>

PowerShell is an excellent tool for automating various tasks and processes in a Windows environment. Here are some common automation scenarios using PowerShell:

File and Folder Operations: Use PowerShell to automate tasks like copying, moving, renaming, and deleting files and folders using PowerShell.
Monitoring and Restarting Services: Use PowerShell to automate the monitoring and management of services on Windows machines. This includes checking their status, restarting them if necessary, and performing actions based on their availability.
System Health Checks: Automate routine server Monitoring or System Health Checks tasks like checking disk space, CPU usage, Memory usage, restarting services, network connectivity, monitoring system performance, generate reports, and send notifications.
Log Analysis: PowerShell can automate log analysis tasks by searching and filtering log files, extracting specific information, and generating reports. This is particularly useful for monitoring and troubleshooting purposes.
User Management: PowerShell can automate user-related tasks such as creating accounts, setting passwords, adding users to groups, modifying permissions, updating group memberships and disabling or deleting user accounts.
Active Directory Administration: Automate tasks related to managing Active Directory, such as creating, modifying, and deleting users, groups, organizational units (OUs), and group policies using PowerShell.
Script Execution: Write PowerShell scripts to automate repetitive tasks or complex operations, schedule them to run at specific times, or trigger them by events.

PowerShell (Cmdlet) - Basic commands

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