PLAN DE TRABAJO. CURSO 2019-20. Tercera evaluación Curso 3º ESO FECHA DE INICIO: 16 MARZO 2020
PLAN DE TRABAJO. CURSO 2019-20. Tercera evaluación
Cursos 1º, 3º y 4º ESO
FECHA DE INICIO: 16 MARZO 2020
El presente Plan de Trabajo ha sido diseñado para realizar el trabajo de los grupos bilingües de 1º, 3º y 4º de ESO durante los próximos 15 días, a partir del 16 de marzo de 2020.
Seguiremos el siguiente planteamiento para este trimestre, sin perjuicio de los temas que algunos grupos aún tienen pendientes del pasado trimestre:
1º: Temas 9-16
3º: Temas 1-5 de Historia Moderna
4º: Temas 9-12 de Historia Contemporánea
Dado que aún no conocemos la duración de este período, hemos incluido contenidos suficientes como para poder extender el trabajo durante los siguientes días, en caso de tener que prolongarlos.
Con carácter general, restan diez semanas para el final de mayo, fecha para la que hemos de tener finalizada la programación anual de las asignaturas. Ello nos obliga a temporizar, en el caso de 1º ESO, una semana para cada unidad, y nos quedarían dos semanas, que estarían intercaladas para la realización de los exámenes y pruebas correspondientes.
Para 3º ESO, las cinco unidades que restan hasta final de curso han de ser repartidas en una de ellas para cada dos semanas, de manera que en dichas dos semanas se ha trabajado la unidad, y se han realizado las pruebas objetivas correspondientes.
En el caso de 4º ESO, debemos afrontar cuatro unidades, repartidas en dos semanas por unidad, de modo que también hemos de considerar las dos semanas hasta completar las diez que restan hasta final de curso para la realización de las pruebas objetivas, así como de las presentaciones orales correspondientes.
El sistema de trabajo será el siguiente: en la medida en que Delphos nos lo permita, utilizaremos las aulas virtuales que esta aplicación nos proporciona.
En cualquier caso, y dado que hemos de respetar el horario vigente para cada curso, permaneceremos, según horario, conectados para resolver las cuestiones y dudas que el alumnado pueda plantear. Si no fuera posible a través del aula virtual, se haría a través del correo electrónico de la propia plataforma Delphos.
El alumnado trabajará en su domicilio, conectado virtualmente, utilizando su libro de texto, los puntos de la unidad de que se trate. Puede hacerlo siguiendo el libro de texto, al igual que lo ha venido realizando durante las horas presenciales en el centro, y también ayudándose con los textos subidos a las siguientes websites, que les van a servir de guía en su trabajo:
https://sites.google.com/site/iesgpsocialesbilinguee/home
https://sites.google.com/site/iesgpsocialesbilinguee2/
En dichas websites encontrarán múltiples enlaces que les mostrarán documentos gráficos útiles para su estudio. Asimismo, contienen la totalidad de los contenidos, de acuerdo con los estándares que recoge el Decreto 40/2015, que desarrolla el currículo en la Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla-La Mancha.
Como última consideración, asumimos que la plataforma puede no soportar el volumen de información que ha de gestionar; es por ello que incluimos las websites antes mencionadas, de modo que el alumnado pueda en todo momento relacionar los contenidos que tiene que trabajar utilizando su libro de texto, con los estándares que servirán de base para su evaluación. Lo que resultará factible es la comunicación a través de mensajería vía Delphos, en tiempo real, con objeto de solucionar las dudas y cuestiones planteadas.
3º ESO
1 The Early Modern Age: Humanism and the Renaissance
2 The Catholic Monarchs and the great expeditions
3 Europe in the age of Carlos V and Felipe II
4 The 17th century
5 European Baroque culture
Unit 1 History
Early Modern Age
1. The Early Modern Age
The Early Modern Age began in 1453 with the Fall of Constantinople and ended with the French Revolution in 1789
2. Economic transformation
Increased agricultural production, intensified commercial activity, expansion of craftmanship (guilds, domestic
system!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!), new products coming from the new world, development of mercantile capitalism, banking
3. Banking
Providing loans: bankers lent money in exchange for returning the same amount plus an additional amount, called
interest
Creating new forms of payment: the bill of exchange, avoiding the use of money in coins or notes
4. Social change
As well as the rural society that developed in the Middle Ages, an urban society developed in the Early Modern Age
5. Social groups
Priviledged class: nobility and clergy
Unpriviledged class: Commoners. Peasants, serfs, bourgeosie (upper bourgeoisie and petite bourgeoisie)
Marginalised: beggars and vagabonds
6. The modern state
Monarchs had more resources (taxes) and so they became more powerful and were able to reform the existing
institutions and create new ones
7. The monarchs became stronger, through
They formed powerful armies, strengthened bureaucracy, centralised power, established a court or permanent seat
8. The most powerful monarchies at the beginning of the Early Modern Age were
The Spanish –Castilla and Aragon-, portuguese -pioneers for new trade routes-, French, English and Russian
9. Humanism: its main characteristics
Renewed interest in classical culture, anthropocentrism, optimism and creativity, desire for knowledge, critical
thinking, vernacular languages
10. Critical thinking: main features
Individual reflection: reason. Extensive studies: research. Practical demonstrations: experimentation
11. Artists in Italian Renaissance
They were mantained by patrons, paying for their work: Medici in Florence. Sforza in Milan. Popes of Rome
12. Phases of the Renaissance
Trecento. 14 th century. Giotto
Quattrocento: 15 th century. Florence. Architects: Brunelleschi and Alberti. Sculptors: Ghiberti and Donatello. Painters:
Masaccio, Fra Angelico and Botticelli
Cinquecento: 16 th century. Rome. Leonardo da Vinci. Michelangelo and Raphael. Venice. Giorgione and Titian
Mannerism: Venice. Tintoretto and Veronese
UNIT 2: THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS AND THE GREAT EXPEDITIONS
1: What carried out the Catholic Monarchs?
A serie of domestic reforms to centralise power.
2: What reforms were established in domestic reforms?
A permanent army
Military orders
The royal treasury
Councils of experts
Territories
Specific matters
The judicial system
3: Why was created the Santa Hermandad?
To fight crime and keep the peace in rural Castilla.
4: What represent the position of viceroy?
This figure represented the monarch in each of their kingdoms in their
absence.
5: The inquisition.
The inquisition was estabilished in the kingdom of Castilla in 1478 and
reformed in Aragon to persecute false conversions. It was a religious
court, although it was controlled by the Crown.
6: What happen in 1492 with the jews and the inquisition?
In 1492, the monarchs forced them to convert to Christianity. Those who
didn’t obey had to sell their assets at at a loss and leave their homes. They
are known as Sephardic Jews. Those who agreed to convert were known
as conversos (converts) and were investigated and persecuted by the
inquisition to prevent them for practising their old religion in secret.
6: The Jews.
In 1495 , the monarchs forced them to convert to Christianity. Those who
did not obey had to sell their assets at a loss and leave their homes. They
are known as Sephardic Jews. Those who agreed to convert were known
as conversos (converts) and were investigated and persecuted by the
inquisition to prevent them from practising their old religion in secret.
7: What is the differences between Mudéjares and Moriscos?
-Mudéjares: Were Muslims who lived in Christian territories.
-Moriscos: Those who converted into Christians.
8: Foreign policy.
The Catholic Monarchs´main objectives were the unification of the Iberian
Peninsula, the isolation of France, the consolidation of the Crown of
Aragon in the Mediterranean and the expansion across the Atlantic.
-Diplomatic. The monarchs formed political agreements or alliances by
marrying their children to kings and princes of other European kingdoms.
9: The cañadas reales and the Honrado Concejo de la Mesta.
The flocks travelled along paths protected by the crown called cañadas
reales. As the Catholic Monarchs received taxes from the wool trade, they
gave numerous privileges to the association of shepherds that controlled
this activity. This association was called the Honrado Concejo de la Mesta
(Honourable Council of the Mesta).
10: What does the Burgos Consulate consist of?
It was founded to control the exportation of wool from the Cantabrian
ports to the textile industries of Flanders and England, among others.
11: What did Ferdinand ¨the Catholic¨ do?
He ended the War of Remences by stopping the feudal abuses of the
nobility with the Sentencia Arbitral de Guadalupe: Los seis malos usos:
Intesta, exorquia, cogucia, arsina, firma de spoli, redimentia
12: What are the main characteristics of Spanish Rennaissance?
-The increase in the importance of the castilla language.
-The foundation of new universities and the spread of printing press.
-The most important humanist was Juan Luis Vives who proposed the
creation of social services for the poor and educational reforms.
-The Gothic artistic style was maintained (The Isabelline Style).
13: The kingdom of Portugal .
Prince Henry of Portugal -nicknamed the Navigator- and discovered the
Azores Islands. Bartolomeu Dias discovered the Cape of Good Hope.
Vasco da Gama reached Calcutta.
14: The discovery of America.
Christopher Colombus discovered a new continent, America, on the 12 th
October 1492.
15: Technical advances.
-The compass, astrolabe, sextant and portulan charts.
-Ships were adapted to sail the oceans. Naos, ships with three masts and
square sails. Finally, the caravel appeared.
-More powerful weapons. In Europe, small cannons (bombards) and
arquebuses (firearms similar to rifles) began to be used.
16: The capitulations of Santa Fe
The monarchs signed the Capitulations of Santa Fe, an agreement under
which 10% of the riches obtained would go to Colombus and the rest to
the crown. The crown would also become viceroy of territories Colombus
discovered.
17: Where did Cristobal Columbus arrive?
They reached land on 12 th October 1492. They arrived at an island on the
Bahamas, which is called San Salvador.
18: Treaty of Tordesillas.
The catholic Monarchs asked the Pope for a papal bull. The kingdom of
Portugal protested. Finally, they made an agreement and signed the
Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494, under which they divided the world into two
zones for exploration and conquest, one for each kingdom.
19:Indicate where the following civilizations are located .
20: Write the name of the explorers of America and what they did.
-Vasco Nuñez de Balboa:crossed the Isthmus of Panama and reached the
Pacific Ocean.
-Ferdinand Magellan: sailed along the coast of South America until he
discovered the strait that bears his name .
-Juan Sebastian Elcano.
*They were the first explorers to sail around the world*
21: Explorers and conquerors
-Juan Ponce de Leon:discovered de Florida Peninsula.
-Juan Diaz de Solis:reached Rio de Plata.
-Hernan Cortes:completed Mexico.
-Francisco Pizarro:conquered the Inca Empire.
-Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca:South of America.
-Orellana:Amazon River.
22: What organisms established to govern the colonised territories?
-Casa de contratación: It gave permision to exploit and trade with the
Americans through the capitulations.
-El consejo de Indias: Experts who advised the monarchs about matters
related with their Americans possessions.
23: Viceroyalties .
Acted as the King´s representatives and help absolute policial authority
in the Americas. Initially two viceroyalties were established, Nueva
España(present-day Mexico), with its capital in Mexico City, and Peru, with
its capital in Lima. In the 18 th century, the viceroyalties of Nueva
Granada(Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador and Panama) and Rio de la
Plata(Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia and part of Chile) were established.
24: The audiencias.
These acted as courts of justice.
25: The resources of the New World were exploited through two main
systems.
The encomienda and the mita.
Encomienda: The natives had to work the land for the encomendero
Mita: This was forced laborur that the natives had to do in the gold and
silver mines. This practice already existed before the Spanish arrived
26:Who was Bartolome de las Casas?
A religious figure, protesting and denouncing the situation of abuse the
Amerindians were subjected to
27:The crown intervened and enacted.
The Leyes de Burgos and the Leyes Nuevas, established that the
Amerindians were not slaves and had rights that had to be respected
28: The Europeans descendants.
Europeans and their descendants, the Creole, were the dominant social
group and the Ameridians worked for them. The Spaniards mixed with
The Ameridians, resulting in mestizos (people of mixed ancestry).
29: What was the origin of the new economic system?
The accumulation of precious metals and the expansionof trade became
the foundation of the new economic system that developed in the 16 th and
17 th centuries: mercantile capitalism
UNIT 3: EUROPE IN THE AGE OF CARLOS V AND FELIPE II
1. What was the reformation?
It was a religious movement in the 16th century that instigated the division of the Christian
Church and the founding of Protestant churches.
2. Which were the causes of the Reformation?
Low clergy’s lack of training, bad example set by the high clergy, church’s wealth, buying
and selling of ecclesiastical positions, sale of indulgences.
3. Theses of Martin Luther
He published 95 theses criticising the sale of indulgences and other bad practices. This
began the Protestant Reformation.
4. Principles of the Lutheran doctrine
Free interpretation of the Bible, salvation depending on faith and God’s will, rejection of the
veneration of Virgin Mary, saints, holy relics and of the sacraments except baptism and
Eucharist, opposition to the Church owning property.
5. Where was the Lutheranism spread?
It was spread across the northern Europe( Germany, the Low Countries, Denmark and the
countries on the Scandinavian Peninsula).
6. New doctrines:
-Zwingli: rejected the authority of the Pope and proposed abolishing religious imagery and
celibacy among priest.
-John Calvin: predestination > people were destined for themselves, salvation or damnation
to England (Puritans), Scotland (Presbyterian) and France (Huguenots)
-Henry VIII: broke with the Catholic Church and the Act of Supremacy was passed, he
appointed himself head of Anglican Church.
7. Religious wars:
The Emperor supported the Pope and the Church, but the Protestant German princes
supported Luther and formed an alliance called the Schmalkadic League.
8. The peace of Augsburg
It was signed under which the Emperor granted the Protestant princes religious freedom.
9. Consequences of religious division in Europe
Protestants and Catholics persecuted each other. Switzerland: Calvinists executed Miguel
Servet. Protestants kings and nobles gained power for taking churches and possessions, it´s
a case of money.
10. Counter reformation
A religious, intellectual and political movement led by Catholic church against Protestant
Reformation.
Council of trent established the Catholic Church’s course of action in clarification of their
teachings, internal reform and repression of Protestantism.
11. Internal reform
Bishops were more controlled, the sale of indulgences was prohibited and religious orders
were reformed. Society of Jesus, founded by Ignatius of Loyola
12. Religious wars
Carlos I and Felipe II belonged to the Habsburg Dynasty. Objectives:
To retain their territorial patrimony through numerous wars against other kingdoms.
To defend Catholicism by repressing humanists and protestants and using purity of blood to
prevent converted people from gaining access to public positions.
13. Tell me the reasons that made the economy prosper.
The economy prospered due to the riches obtained from the Americas, especially silver and
gold. The port of Sevilla monopolised trade with the colonies through the Casa de
Contratación.
14.How did the arrival of precious metals on the Peninsula affected the Spanish Monarchy?
- The majority of the wealth ended up outside the Iberian Peninsula.
- The arrival of metals enriched the nobility and the population became poorer.
- The craft industry began to grow due to grow due to an increase in demand from the
American territories. (Rise in prices made Spanish products more expensive)
- As they had more resources, monarchs were able to begin more expensive projects
increasing taxes.
- The economy continued to be based in agriculture, population became extremely
vulnerable when the harvests were bad.
15. What happened when Isabel the catholic died?
Her daughter Juana ascended to the throne of Castilla; she was married to Felipe I: Duke of
Burgundy and son of the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I. Felipe died suddenly and Juana
was declared unfit to govern due to an alleged mental illness.
16. The beginning of Carlos’ regin:
It was a time of economic crisis in Castilla and Carlos used taxes collected to finance his
appointment as Holy Roman Emperor. This provoked the Revolt of Comuneros: the lower
nobility and bourgeoisie in some cities rose up against the government.
17. The battle of Villalar:
It was in 1512. The most important leaders of the comuneros were Juan Bravo, Juan de
Padilla and Francisco Maldonado, that were executed.
18. Revolt of the Brotherhoods:
The bourgeoisie and peasants rose up against the nobility in Valencia and Mallorca
19. The agermanados:
They were groups of ordinary people who had been allowed to arm themselves to defend
their coastal cities against pirate attacks. Tired of abuses of the nobility they organised an
armed revolt to improve their economic conditions and attain political rights. The king
supported the nobility and the uprising was suppressed. As a result, the monarchy became
more powerful.
20. Carlos I territories:
-From Isabel I (his maternal grandmother): Castilla, Navarra, the territories in the Americas
and cities in North Africa
-From Fernando II (his maternal grandfather): the crown of Aragon and Italian cities (Naples,
Sicily and Sardinia)
-From Felipe I (his father): the Low countries and Franche-Comté
From Maximilian I (his paternal grandfather): Austria and the right to be nominated for Holy
Roman Emperor
In 1519 he was appointed emperor and became known as Carlos V
21.Felipe II empire:
Carlos V gave Austria and the imperial crown to his brother Ferdinand, and son FelippeII the
rest ofhis territorial patronomy:
- Castilla and his territories in America
-The Crown of Aragon and its Italian Territories
-The Low Countries and Franche-Comté.
22.Portuguese territories:
The Americas, Africa and Asia and conquest the Philippines.
Felipe II made Madrid the capital of his Kingdom.
23.The war of Felipe ll:
-Against France. Battel of Saint Quentin. Peace of Cateau-Cambresis
-Againts the Protestants in the Low Countries. The norther territories proclaimed their
independence from Spanish Crown.
-Againts the Ottoman Empire. Battle of Lepanto
-Againts England. The Great Armada
24.Literature in the 16th century:
Novels such as The tragicomedy of Calisto and Melibea (Fernando de Rojas) and Lazarillo
de Tormes.
Garcilaso de la Vega was the most important poet.
25. Art in the 16th century:
-Classicist: harmony and serenity.
-Mannerist: the Counter-Reformation wished to evoke intense feelings and strengthen their
religious beliefs.
26. Architecture in the 16th century:
The Plateresque style dominated. This style is characterised by ornate facades and was
similar to the work that silversmiths produced at that time. Facade of Salamanca University.
Classicist or Purist style.
The Palace of Carlos V by Pedro Machuca.
Granada Cathedral by Diego de Siloé.
The facade of the Alcázar and the Bisagra Gate, both in Toledo, by Alonso de Covarrubias.
27. Sculpture in the 16th century:
-Classicist style. Leoni Leoni and Pompeo Leoni.
-Mannerism. They tried to evoke intense feelings to reflect the dramatic situation in some of
the passages of the Bible. The main works done in this style were of religious imagery and
were painted wooden carvings and altarpieces.
-Alonso Berruguete, The sacrifice of Isaac.
-Juan de Juni, Virgin of Anguish.
28. Painting in the 16th century
-Juan de Juanes, Ecce Homo and The Last Super
-The italian Titian was Carlos V court painter
-Alonso Sánchez Coello and Juan Pantoja de Cruz were Felipe II’s portrait painters.
-El Greco in Toledo.
Unit 4: The 17TH CENTURY
1. The european economy.
There was an agricultural crisis, agricultural was the main economic activity and was
affected by these factors: wars, plagues, farmers migrated to the cities to avoid paying taxes,
agricultural techniques were outdated, bad harvests.
2. What a subsistence crisis is?
It’s the agricultural crisis and occurred frequently in the 17th century. Consequently, hunger
spread, resulting in a decrease in the population or demographic decline throughout Europe.
3. How did this situation improved slightly during the second half of the century?
These factors enabled this recovery to occur:
-There were fewer wars
-There was a growth in colonial trade, with the incorporation of English, French and Dutch
traders
-The textile industry grew in some countries, such as England and Holland
-The monarchs intervened in the economy, implementing the mercantile system
4. The trade and craft industry crisis.
While other Kingdoms were creating and expanding their colonial empires, the Spanish
monarchy ran out of resources from the Americas. The mines were almost, empty, and
consequently the Spanish monarchs main source of income decreased in addition, their sea
route to the Americas was constantly under threat from pirates and smugglers.
5. Explain the differences about the atlantic protestant europe and the southern
catholic europe in respect with social differences:
The first one prospered through the craft and trade industries meanwhile in the southern
catholic europe the economy barely recovered, they only wanted to live off the rents they
received from their lands and accumulate noble titles.
6. Division of the society:
The main difference is that some classes had lot of privileges while otres none.
- The nobility did not pay any taxes.
- The haute bourgeoisie consist of important traders, bankers and high public officials
- The petite bourgeoisie include artisans, small-scale traders labourers.
- The peasants formed the majority of the population, with a situation very precarious.
- The beggars, who increased in number.
-
7. Spanish society:
In spain:
- The higher nobility
- The lower impoverished nobility, the hidalgos
- The “pecheros” (those who paid taxes) was the bourgeoisie, the poor and the
peasants.
8. What was the Thirty years’ war?
The thirty years’ war took place between 1618 and was caused by the conflicts between
Catholics and protestants in the Holy Roman Empire.
9. Consequences of the Peace of Westphalia.
- The Spanish monarchy lost their dominance over Europe.
- The sovereignty of the German states was recognised.
- Sweden became the dominant state on the Baltic coast.
- France became the leading power in Europe.
10. The monarchy under King Louis XIV in France.
- He made the laws and governed through decrees.
- He had a large court of advisors.
- He increased the number of officials.
- He had a board of governors.
- He had an extremely well organised professional army.
- He intervened in the economy.
11. What is absolutism?
Absolutism was supported by the Church. Absolute power was considered a divine right: the
king was God’s representative and everyone was accountable to him.
12. Absolutism and parliamentary systems: where?
Absolutism began to spread to the majority of the European states, except England and
Holland, where parliamentary systems where introduced.
13. who and when was the civil war carried out by? what happened then?
The civil war broke out (1642-1648) between the king’s and parliament's supporters.
Parliament was victorious, the king was executed and England became a republic. its leader
was Oliver Cromwell, who would become a dictator years later. The monarchy was
reinstated in England.
14. when, why and who signed the Bill of Rights?
Parliament expelled the King and replace him with William III (a Dutch protestant). This new
monarch was willing to obey Parliament. In 1689, he signed the Bill of Rights, recognising
Parliament’s authority, private property and restrictions to royal power.
15. Parliamentary monarchy.
In europe, republics governed by a parliament had already being established (such as in
Holland, Venice and Geneva). However, England was the first parliamentary monarchy,
meaning that the King’s power was restricted and the country was governed by a parliament.
16. the English Parliament consisted of two groups, explain everything you know
about it.
These two groups governed alternately. Later, these became political parties: the
conservatives and the liberals.These two groups were:
- The House of Lords, who represented the higher nobility.
- The house of Commons, who acted in the name of the bourgeoisie.
17. Freedom of the press.
It was not a democratic system, as only the nobles and the rich bourgeoisie were allowed to
participate.
18. Spain in the 17th century: Prosperity and decline
Prosperity: Austrias Mayores: Carlos I de España y V de Alemania. Felipe II
Decline: Austrias Menores: Felipe III. Felipe IV. Carlos II
19. The Austrian Habsburgs.
They freed themselves of their governmental obligations by delegating power to their trusted
advisors, who acted as prime ministers and were known as validos.
The validos used their power to become rich and give positions of power and priviledges to
their supporters and family. This corruption increased rivalry among the different groups of
nobles leading to conspiracies.
20. The Austrian Habsburgs. Felipe III.
During Felipe III’s reign, his valido, the Duke of Lerma governed.
The expulsion of the Moriscos was ordered they were accused of being fake christians and
of practising their own religion in secret.
21. What happened during the reign of Felipe IV?
· First, he delegated power to Count-Duke of Olivares.
· Union of Arms, it was a reform, which proposed that all the kingdoms ruled by the Spanish
monarchy: provide soldiers and funds to cover the cost of the European wars.
· The Crown of Aragón´s kingdoms, the opposed this idea and the proposal failed.
· When Spain went bankrupt provoked numerous of domestic rebellions. The most serious ones
were in (Catalonia and Portugal) .
· In Portugal, the nobility managed to appoint a Portuguese king
funds:fondos
22. What wars were occurring during that period?
· The war against Portugal with the support of England and France.
· In 1668, Portugal´s independence.
23. What happened with Carlos II?
· Carlos II was a minor when he came to the throne.
· He was also suffering from an illness.
· Carlos II left no heirs, creating a serious conflict over the succession when he died.
24.What caused the war of succession?
Because the possibility of the thrones of Spain and France became united cause fear in
other european countries.
25. Which were the candidates and their supporters?
Felipe: Was proclaimed King of spain(as Philip V).He was supported by Castile and France.
The Archduke Carlos: Was proclaimed King of Spain in Barcelona in 1705 and it was
recognised by the Courts of Aragon,Valencia and Cataluña.He also had the military support
of a coalition formed by Austria,Great Britain, the United Provinces,Portugal,Savoy and
Prussia.
26.Consequences of the war of Succession:
-France imposed Felipe V as King of Spain
-Great Britain gained Gibraltar,Minorca and the french colonies in North America
-Spain lost its europeans territories but maintain the ones it held in America
-The kingdom of Spain became a centralised state based on the french model
-Felipe V passed the Nueva Planta decrees which abolished the fueros and the institutions
of the Crown of Aragon.These were replaced by Castilian laws.
5 “EUROPEAN BAROQUE CULTURE”
1.Philosophy.
There were two main theoretical approaches which began to gain importance and spread:
-Rene Descartes founded rationalism that consists of reality could only be understood through reason.
Baruch Spinoza reached the conclusion that God and nature were identical.This is known as
pantheism.
-Empiricism,Francis Bacon and John Locke,maintained that knowledge could only be confirmed
through experimental verification.
2.Scientific Method.
In it you should follow these steps:
-Observing nature.
- Make an hypothesis.
- Deduce what should happen in nature if this hypothesis was correct.
- Verifying.
3.Science advanced.
-Maths,Cartesian coordinate system (Descartes).
-Astronomical studies,theory of heliocentrism (Galileo Galilei,Kepler)
-Physics,law of universal gravitation (Newton)
-Medicine,double circulatory system (Harvey)
4.Music.
Operas:Musical compositions that accompanied theatrical performances.
(Scarlatti,Monteverdi,Vivaldi)
5.Describe how was literature during the Baroque:
It came in the form of poetry,novels and theatre.Theatre has various
genres:comedy,tragedy,tragicomedy.
6.Spanish Golden Age:
Even though Spain was suffering an economical and political decline,it was producing outstanding
literature,poetry and theatre.
7.Novel:
Miguel De Cervantes wrote Don Quijote de la Mancha.
The picaresque novel appeared:Lazarrillo de Tormes.
Mateo Aleman wrote “Guzman de Alfarache” and Quevedo “La vida del Buscon”.
8.Poetry:
Two main poets:Luis de Gongora whose style was known as culteranismo,characterised by cultured
language.Francisco de Quevedo,whose style was known as conceptismo,characterised by a double
meaning and a satirical tone.
9.Theatre.
The main subjects were love and honour with touches of humor.
-Lope de Vega,”El perro hortelano”,”Fuenteovejuna”,”El mejor alcalde el rey”,”El caballero de
Olmedo”.
-Calderon de la Barca,autos sacramentales such as “El gran teatro del mundo”,tragicomedies such as
“La vida es sueño”.
-Tirso de Molina,”El burlador de Sevilla”.
10.Catholic and Protestants in Baroque.
-Catholic countries,its emergence was linked to the Counter-Reformation.The catholic church aimed
to use art to strengthen people’s faith.
-Protestant countries,the reformed churches favoured a more austere style of art with less decoration.
11.Architecture in Baroque.
-Curved.
-Fragmented features.
-Open spaces.
-Decorative features.
18.Spanish baroque architecture.
Was divided in:
-Religious,facades and altarpieces were richly decorated.”The Obradorio facade of Santiago de
Compostela” (Casas Novoa).”The cathedral of Granada” (Alonso Cano).
-Lay:”Plaza Mayor” in Salamanca (Alberto Churriguera),”Plaza Mayor” in Madrid (Gomez de Mora).
Palacio Real of Madrid and the Granja de San Idefonso.
19.Baroque sculpture in Spain.
The main subject were religious themes and the imagineria that means religious sculptures in
polychrome wood.The Castilian school by Gregorio Fernandez,the Andalusian school by Francisco
Salzillo and he created Oracion del Huerto.
20.Important spanish painters.
-Jose de Rivera:Martirio de San Felipe.
-Francisco de Zurbaran:San Hugo en el Reflectorio de los Cartujos.
-Bartolome Esteban Murrillo:Inmaculadas.
-Diego Velazquez:Use the aerial perspective.
Estándares desarrollados en el presente Plan de Trabajo
Criterios de evaluación aplicables al presente Plan de Trabajo