4.3 Political Power and Territoriality

Geopolitical Event in South Africa's History

Anglo-Boer Wars (1880-1881 and 1899-1902): The Boer Wars were fought between the British Empire and the Boer republics of the Transvaal and the Orange Free State. These wars had significant geopolitical implications, shaping the political and economic landscape of the region. 

Religious and Economic Conflicts in South Africa's History

Some religious institutions played a prominent role in the anti-apartheid struggle. Churches, including the South African Council of Churches (SACC), became vocal opponents of apartheid policies. The involvement of religious figures, such as Archbishop Desmond Tutu, highlighted the moral and ethical dimensions of the struggle against racial injustice. Currently, South Africa has a struggling economy. This is caused by many problems such as Covid-19, load shedding, and workforce strikes.

Choke Points That Affect South Africa

• Cape of Good Hope: Situated at the southern tip of the African continent, the Cape of Good Hope is a major maritime choke point. It is a key route for ships traveling between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. The Cape of Good Hope is part of the trade route used by vessels moving between Europe and Asia. The importance of this maritime passage makes it a strategic point for global shipping.

• Strait of Mozambique: This narrow passage between the eastern coast of Africa and the island of Madagascar is another important maritime choke point. It connects the Indian Ocean to the Mozambique Channel. Control over this strait is crucial for shipping routes and maritime trade.

• Bab el Mandeb: While not directly adjacent to South Africa, the Bab el Mandeb strait, located at the southern entrance to the Red Sea, is significant for South Africa's trade connections. Ships traveling through this strait access the Suez Canal, a key waterway that facilitates trade between Europe and Asia. Disruptions in this area can impact global shipping and trade, indirectly affecting South Africa.

• Trans-African Highways and Transportation Routes: Choke points can also be related to overland transportation. The strategic importance of specific roadways or transportation routes, such as those forming part of the Trans-African Highways, can influence the movement of goods and people within the continent.

• Strategic Ports: The presence and strategic importance of key ports, such as the Port of Durban and the Port of Cape Town, contribute to South Africa's connectivity and trade. These ports serve as vital nodes in global shipping networks.