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General information
General information
Chemical Pathology is the branch of laboratory medicine that studies the chemical and biochemical processes of the body in relation to health and disease.
The Chemical Pathology Unit at Hospital Queen Elizabeth comprises two main laboratories:
Makmal Integrasi
Located on the second floor of the Twin Tower Building, Makmal Integrasi provides routine biochemistry and haematology testing for in-house and Hospital Mesra Bukit Padang patients. It also serves as the referral laboratory for specialised biochemistry testing for most MOH facilities throughout Sabah.
Makmal Pengesanan Dadah
Located adjacent to Makmal Integrasi, this laboratory serves as the referral centre for drugs-of-abuse testing. It provides comprehensive screening and confirmatory testing services to support enforcement and regulatory agencies, including the National Anti-Drug Agency (AADK), Royal Malaysia Police (PDRM), and the Malaysian Armed Forces (ATM).
In addition, the laboratory provides drugs-of-abuse screening and confirmatory testing for clinical cases from Hospital Queen Elizabeth departments when POCT is unavailable or when laboratory confirmation is required.
Services Available
Tests that are offered as 24 hours service are:
Blood gases (Arterial blood gases/venous blood gases)
Albumin
Amylase
Ammonia
Alanine Transaminase (ALT)
Aspartate Transaminase (AST)
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)
Bilirubin (Total and Direct)
BUSE (Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Urea)
Calcium
Creatine Kinase (CK)
Creatinine
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
CSF Biochemistry (Glucose and Protein)
Fasting Lipid Profile
Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT)
Glucose
Ketone (Beta-Hydroxybutyrate)
Lactate
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
Magnesium
Phosphate, inorganic
Troponin I (High Sensitivity)
Total Protein
Uric Acid
Urine Fluid Examination and Microscopic Examination (UFEME)
Urine Paraquat
Urine Pregnancy Test
Suspected Therapeutic Drug Toxicity (except Tacrolimus and Cyclosporin) and clinical Toxicology (Acetaminophen and Salicylate).
Total Beta human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (B-hCG)
Tests that are offered during office hours are:
A. Specialised Biochemistry
Thyroid Function Test (TSH, fT4, fT3)
Cortisol
Intact Parathyroid Hormone (iPTH)
Estradiol, Progesterone, FSH, LH, Prolactin, Total Testosterone
Tumor Markers (AFP, CA-125, CA 19-9, CEA, PSA, CA 15-3)
Hematological Markers (Iron studies, Vitamin B12, Folate, Ferritin)
Serum Immunoglobulin level (IgG/A/M), Complement C3, C4, Procalcitonin, Rheumatoid Factor
Serum dan Urine Protein Electrophoresis.
Serum dan Urine Osmolality
Creatinine Clearance
Urine Albumin:Creatinine Ratio (UACR)
Urine Calcium:Creatinine Ratio (UCCR)
Urine Protein:Creatinine Ratio (UPCR)
Dexamethasone Suppresion Test
(ACTH) Synacthen Stimulation Test
Fluid for Biochemistry (Albumin, Protein & LDH)
B. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
C. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: 'Outside office hours' testing MUST be requested through TDM pharmacist.
Amikacin
Gentamicin
Vancomycin
Sodium Valproate
Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
Phenobarbitone
Digoxin
Theophylline (Aminophylline)
Methotrexate
Lithium
Tacrolimus
Cyclosporine
D. Drug of Abuse Testing
Amphetamine Type Stimulants (screening)
Amphetamine / Methamphetamine / MDA [3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine] / MDMA [3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine] / Phentermine / Ephedrine (confirmation)
Opiate (screening)
Morphine / Codeine (confirmation)
Cannabis (screening)
THC [11-nor-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid] (confirmation)
Ketamine (screening)
Ketamine / Norketamine (confirmation)
For Drug of Abuse testing:
We are only reporting detected or not detected in clinical request.
Results are reported based on the cut-off for medicolegal purposes.
Specimen MUST BE accompanied by Borang UPD 1 (pindaan 2020)
Methodology: Immunoassay for screening; Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) for Morphine/Codeine and THC.
Methodology: Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) for amphetamine group and ketamine confirmation.
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