ヒマラヤ観測・メガラヤ観測(氷河・気象・水文等):
Barros, A. P., Joshi, M., Putkonen, J., & Burbank, D. W. (2000), A study of the 1999 monsoon rainfall in a mountainous region in central Nepal using TRMM products and rain gauge observations. Geophysical Research Letters, 27, 3683–3686. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL011827 (ネパールヒマラヤ、最多雨領域での本格的な現地観測と衛星搭載降雨レーダデータとのマッチアップなど)
Barros, A. P., & Lang, T. J. (2003), Monitoring the Monsoon in the Himalayas: Observations in central Nepal, June 2001. Monthly Weather Review, 131, 1408–1427. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131%3C1408:MTMITH%3E2.0.CO;2
Ouyang, L., Yang, K., Lu, H., Chen, Y., Zhou, X., & Wang, Y. (2020). Ground-based observations reveal unique valley precipitation patterns in the Central Himalaya. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 125, e2019JD031502. (ヒマラヤ・雨量計観測・日変化・季節変化)
Salerno, F., Guyennon, N., Thakuri, S., Viviano, G., Romano, E., Vuillermoz, E., et al. (2015). Weak precipitation, warm winters and springs impact glaciers of south slopes of Mt. Everest (central Himalaya) in the last 2 decades (1994–2013). The Cryosphere, 9, 1229–1247. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1229-201
Shea, J. M., Wagnon, P., Immerzeel, W. W., Biron, R., Brun, F., & Pellicciotti, F. (2015), A comparative high-altitude meteorological analysis from three catchments in the Nepalese Himalaya. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 31, 174–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2015.1020417. (ランタンのYala氷河とその周辺における通年気象観測. 氷河周辺の気象要素の特徴がまとめてある)
Seppyo関連の特集号(1976)https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/seppyo/38/Special/_contents/-char/ja
Sunako, S., Fujita, K., Sakai, A., & Kayastha, R. B. (2019). Mass balance of Trambau glacier, Rolwaling region, Nepal Himalaya: In-si-tu observations, long-term reconstruction and mass-balance sensitivity. Journal of Glaciology, 65, 605–616. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2019.37(ヒマラヤ・AWS・観測)
Terao, T., Islam, M. N., Hayashi, T., & Oka, T. (2006). Nocturnal jet and its effects on early morning rainfall peak over northeastern Bangla-desh during the summer monsoon season. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L18806. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026156(メガラヤ・日変化・夜間ジェット)
Ueno K., R.B. Kayastha, M. R. Chitrakar, O. R. Bajracharya, A. P. Pokhrel, H. Fujinami, T. Kadota, H.Iida, D.P. Manandhar, M. Hattori, T. Yasunari and M. Nakawo, 2001: Meteorological observations during 1994-2000 at the Automatic Weather Station (GEN-AWS) in Khumbu region, Nepal Himalayas. Bulletin of Glaciological Research, 18, 23-30.[Abstract][PDF]©Japanese Society of Snow and Ice (ヒマラヤ・クンブ・AWS・長期気象観測)
Ueno, K., K. Toyotsu, L. Bertolani, and G. Tartari, 2008: Stepwise Onset of Monsoon Weather Observed in the Nepal Himalaya. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 2507–2522, https://doi.org/10.1175/2007MWR2298.1 (ヒマラヤ・クンブ・AWS・季節変化・日変化)
Yang, K., Guyennon, N., Ouyang, L., Tian, L. D., Tartari, G., & Salerno, F. (2018). Impact of summer monsoon on the elevation-depend-ence of meteorological variables in the south of central Himalaya. International Journal of Climatology, 38, 1748–1759. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5293
藤井理行・安成哲三 (1983), ヒマラヤの気候と氷河, 気象学のプロムナード. (絶版になっている気象学のプロムナードシリーズの一冊。今のようなAWS(自動気象観測装置)のない時代、雨季も含めて現地滞在し観測した結果を基に構成されている。未だにヒマラヤでは、これを超える現地の気象観測はないと思う。実行力と結果に対する洞察は素直にすごい)
降水特性・衛星降水(TRMM, GPM, IMERG等):
Barros, A. P., Kim, G., Williams, E., & Nesbitt, S. W. (2004), Probing orographic controls in the Himalayas during the monsoon using satellite imagery. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 4, 29–51. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-4-29-2004 .
Bhatt, B.C. and K. Nakamura, 2005: Characteristics of Monsoon Rainfall around the Himalayas Revealed by TRMM Precipitation Radar. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 149–165, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-2846.1
Bhatt, B. C., and Nakamura, K. ( 2006), A climatological‐dynamical analysis associated with precipitation around the southern part of the Himalayas, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D02115, doi:10.1029/2005JD006197.
Bookhagen, B., and Burbank, D. W. ( 2006), Topography, relief, and TRMM‐derived rainfall variations along the Himalaya, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L08405, doi:10.1029/2006GL026037. (降水, TRMM, 地形, ダブルバンド)
Bookhagen, B. (2010). Appearance of extreme monsoonal rainfall events and their impact on erosion in the Himalaya. Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 1, 37–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/1947570100362573
Fujinami, H., Fujita, K., Takahashi, N., Sato, T., Kanamori, H., Sunako, S., & Kayastha, R. B. (2021). Twice-daily monsoon precipitation maxima in the Himalayas driven by land surface effects. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2020JD034255. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD034255(ヒマラヤ・日変化・地点雨量・TRMM)
Hirose, M., R. Oki, S. Shimizu, M. Kachi, and T. Higashiuwatoko, 2008: Finescale Diurnal Rainfall Statistics Refined from Eight Years of TRMM PR Data. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 47, 544–561, https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JAMC1559.1 (TRMM-PR, 全球, 日変化)
Hirose, M. and K. Okada, 2018: A 0.01° Resolving TRMM PR Precipitation Climatology. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 57, 1645–1661, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-17-0280. 1 (TRMM-PR, 0.01度格子, 気候値)
Houze, R. A., Wilton, D. C. and Smull, B. F. (2007), Monsoon convection in the Himalayan region as seen by the TRMM Precipitation Radar. Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc., 133: 1389-1411. doi:10.1002/qj.106 . (TRMM, ヒマラヤ, 降水特性)
Hunt, K M.R., Turner, A. G. & Schiemann, R K.H.(2022) Katabatic and convective processes drive two preferred peaks in the precipitation diurnal cycle over the Central Himalaya. Q J R Meteorol Soc, 148( 745), 1731– 1751. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4275 (ヒマラヤ・日変化・BSISO・LPS・IMERG)
Medina, S. , Houze, R. A., Kumar, A. and Niyogi, D. (2010), Summer monsoon convection in the Himalayan region: terrain and land cover effects. Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc., 136: 593-616. doi:10.1002/qj.601 . (降水特性・TRMM・WRF)
Ohsawa, T., Ueda, H., Hayashi, T., Watanabe, A., & Matsumoto, J. (2001). Diurnal variations of convective activity and rainfall in tropical Asia. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, 79, 333–352. https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.79.333 (アジア全般・日変化・静止気象衛星)
Shrestha, D., Singh, P., and Nakamura, K. ( 2012), Spatiotemporal variation of rainfall over the central Himalayan region revealed by TRMM Precipitation Radar, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D22106, doi:10.1029/2012JD018140. (ヒマラヤ・TRMM-PR・ダブルバンド・地形)
Tan, J., Huffman, G. J., Bolvin, D. T., & Nelkin, E. J. (2019). Diurnal cycle of IMERG V06 precipitation. Geophysical Research Letters, 46, 13584–13592. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL085395(IMERG)
Terao, T., F. Murata, Y. Yamane, M. Kiguchi, A. Fukushima, M. Tanoue, S. Ahmed, S. A. Choudhury, H. J. Syiemlieh, L. Cajee, A. K. Bhagabati, P. Bhattacharya, S. Dutta, R. Mahanta, and T. Hayashi, 2017: Direct validation of TRMM/PR near surface rain over the northeastern Indian subcontinent using a tipping bucket raingauge network. SOLA, 13, 157−162, doi:10.2151/sola.2017-029. (メガラヤ高原・地点降水量・TRMM-PR・比較)
Yamamoto M. K., K. Ueno, and K. Nakamura, 2011: Comparison of Satellite Precipitation Products with Rain Gauge Data for the Khumb Region, Nepal Himalayas. J. Meteorol. Soc. Japan,89(6), 597-610. (シャンボチェ・地点降水量・衛星降水量・比較)
降水変動・極端降水
Bohlinger, P, Sorteberg, A, Liu, C, Rasmussen, R, Sodemann, H, Ogawa, F. (2019): Multiscale characteristics of an extreme precipitation event over Nepal. Q J R Meteorol Soc., 145, 179– 196. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3418(亜熱帯ジェット気流上の準定常ロスビー波・ヒマラヤ・豪雨)
Goswami, B. N., Ajayamohan, R. S., Xavier, P. K., and Sengupta, D. (2003), Clustering of synoptic activity by Indian summer monsoon intraseasonal oscillations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1431, doi:10.1029/2002GL016734, 8. (BSISO, QBW, LPS)
Fujinami, H., T. Yasunari and A. Morimoto, 2014: Dynamics of distinct intraseasonal oscillation in summer monsoon rainfall over the Meghalaya-Bangladesh-western Myanmar region:Covariability between the tropics and mid-latitudes, Clim. Dyn. 43, 2147-2166, DOI: 10.1007/s00382-013-2040-1 (季節内振動・ガンジス平原・QBW).
Fujinami, H., Sato, T., Kanamori, H. & Murata, F. ( 2017). Contrasting features of monsoon precipitation around the meghalaya plateau under westerly and easterly regimes. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 122, 9591– 9610, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD026116 (メガラヤ高原・季節内振動・日変化・陸面過程・LLJ・TRMM-PR)
Fujinami, H. H. Hirata, M. Kato and K. Tsuboki (2020). Mesoscale precipitation systems and their role in the rapid development of a monsoon depression over the Bay of Bengal, Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 146, 267- 283, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3672 (LPS・MCS)
Fujinami, H., T. Sato, H. Kanamori, and M. Kato (2022). Nocturnal southerly moist surge parallel to the coastline over the western Bay of Bengal, Geophysical Research Letters. doi: 10.1029/2022GL100174
Habib, SMA, Sato, T, Hatsuzuka, D. Decreasing number of propagating mesoscale convective systems in Bangladesh and surrounding area during 1998–2015. Atmos Sci Lett. 2019; 20:e879. https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.879 (バングラデシュ・降水システム・長期変化傾向)
Hatsuzuka, D, T. Yasunari and H. Fujinami, 2014: Characteristics of low pressure systems associated with intraseasonal oscillation of rainfall over Bangladesh during boreal summer, Mon. Wea. Rev., 142, 4758-4774, DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00307.1 (LPS・QBW)
Hatsuzuka, D. and H. Fujinami (2017). Effects of the South Asian monsoon intraseasonal modes on genesis of low pressure systems over Bangladesh, J. Climate, 30, 2481-2499 , DOI:10.1175/jcli-d-16-0360.1 (LPS・QBW・BSISO)
Hirata, H., Fujinami, H., Kanamori, H., Sato, Y., Kayastha R. B., Shrestha, M. L. and K. Fujita (2022). Multiscale processes leading to heavy precipitation in the eastern Nepal Himalayas (submitted to Journal of Hydrometeorology and in revision) (豪雨・地点雨量計・Meteosat・ERA5・雲解像モデル)
Kikuchi, K., (2021). The Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation (BSISO): A Review, Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. 99, 933-972.
Murata, F., T. Terao, H. Fujinami, T. Hayashi, H. Asada, J. Matsumoto, Hiambok Jones Syiemlieh ('2017). Dominant synoptic disturbance in the extreme rainfall at Cherrapunji, North East India based on 100 years of rainfall data, J. Climate, 30, 8237-8251, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0435.1. (Extreme rainfall, Meghalaya)
Sato, T., 2013: Mechanism of Orographic Precipitation around the Meghalaya Plateau Associated with Intraseasonal Oscillation and the Diurnal Cycle. Mon. Wea. Rev., 141, 2451–2466, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-12-00321.1 (メガラヤ高原・季節内振動・日変化・WRF)
Yanase, W., M. Satoh, H. Taniguchi and H. Fujinami, 2012: Seasonal and intra-seasonal modulation of tropical cyclogenesis environment over the Bay of Bengal during the extended summer monsoon, J. Climate, 25, 2914-2930, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00208.1. (Bay of Bengal, BSISO, LPS)
Yasunari, T. 1976, Spectral analysis of monsoonal precipitation in the Nepal Himalaya,Seppyo, 38, 59-65.
Yasunari, T. and J. Inoue, 1978: Characteristics of monsoonal precipitation around peaks and ridges in Shorong and Khumbu Himal, Journal of the Japanese Society of Snow and Ice, 40,26-32.
領域モデル(WRF, CReSS):
Lin, C., Chen, D., Yang, K., & Ou, T. (2018). Impact of model resolution on simulating the water vapor transport through the central Himalayas: Implication for models’ wet bias over the Tibetan Plateau. Climate Dynamics, 51, 3195– 3207.
Potter, E. R., Orr, A., Willis, I. C., Bannister, D., & Salerno, F. ( 2018). Dynamical drivers of the local wind regime in a Himalayan valley. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 123, 13,186– 13,202. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029427 (クンブヒマラヤ・局地循環・WRF)
Sugimoto, S., K. Ueno, H. Fujinami, T. Nasuno, T. Sato and H. G. Takahashi, 2021: Cloud-resolving-model simulations of nocturnal precipitation over the Himalayan slopes and foothills, Journal of Hydrometeorology, 22, 3171-3188.
気候システム:
Boos, W. R. and Z. Kuang, 2010: Dominant control of the South Asian monsoon by orographic insulation versus plateau heating, Nature, 463, 218-222.