The HBI
The heuristics and biases are listed in alphabetical order. Because of copyright issues, we cannot upload articles that are not from open access journals.
You can also check Table 1 of our HBI paper for a summary (references).
Tendency for people to adjust their (numerical) judgments towards the first piece of information.
Tendency for people to refer to internal rather than external factors when explaining a person's behavior.
Tendency for people to judge events’ likelihood or frequency based on ease of recall.
Tendency for people to ignore base rates in favor of individuating information.
Tendency for people to ignore causally-relevant base rates in favor of individuating information.
Tendency for people to evaluate deductive arguments based on the believability of the conclusion rather than its logical validity.
Tendency for people to perceive their abilities, attributes, and personality traits as superior compared with their average peer.
Tendency for people to see themselves as less biased than other people.
Tendency for people to confirm rather than infirm the hypothesis (logical rule) at hand.
Tendency for people to confirm rather than infirm the hypothesis (numerical rule) at hand.
Tendency for people to confirm rather than infirm the hypothesis (personality trait) at hand.
Tendency for people to disregard the counterevidence regarding their financial investments.
Tendency for people to judge that a conjunction of two possible events is more likely than one or both of the conjuncts.
Tendency for people to place too much weight on prior experience rather than updating beliefs with new information.
Tendency for people to ignore essential comparative (control group) information.
Tendency for consumers saddled with multiple debts to be motivated to reduce their total number of outstanding loans, rather than their total debt across loans.
Tendency for people to pay too much attention to numerators and inadequate attention to denominators. This results in a tendency to judge a low probability event as more likely when presented as a large-numbered ratio (e.g., 10/100) than as a smaller-numbered but equivalent ratio (e.g., 1/10).
Tendency for people to be affected by how information is structured.
Tendency for people to ignore the fact that all money is the same (see also Mental accounting).
Tendency for people to believe that the probability for an outcome after a series of outcomes is not the same as the probability for a single outcome.
Tendency for people to make different judgments (e.g., judging the probability of an outcome) between hindsight and foresight conditions.
Tendency for people to make decisions dependent on the prior gain or loss; includes greater tendency to gamble with recently won money.
Tendency for people to overestimate their ability to control events.
Tendency for people to neglect that a larger sample size is more likely to approximate a population value.
Tendency for people to favor a portfolio based on the perceived risk rather than the actual risk of the portfolio (based on real variance or probability).
Tendency to prefer avoiding losses to acquiring equivalent gains.
Tendency to assign different mental values to the same sum of money.
Tendency for people to think of money in nominal, rather than real, terms.
Tendency for people to evaluate evidence, generate evidence, and test hypotheses in a manner biased toward their own prior opinions and attitudes.
Tendency for people to avoid actions that carry some risk but that would prevent a larger risk.
Tendency for people to evaluate the quality of a decision based on its outcome.
Tendency for people to overestimate their abilities.
Tendency for people to match choice proportions to outcome proportions in a binary prediction task.
Tendency for people to disregard the small probability of an outcome when facing a situation that arouses strong emotions.
Preference for proportionally higher gains, such that the same absolute quantity is valued more as the reference group decreases (e.g., saving 10/10 lives is preferred to saving 10/100 lives).
Tendency for people to neglect that extremely high or extremely low observations tend to become more moderate (i.e., closer to the mean) over time.
Tendency for people to make decisions in order to avoid feeling regret in the future.
Tendency for people to assess similarity of objects and organize them based around the category prototype.
Tendency for people to choose the default option.
Tendency for people to continue an endeavor once an investment in money, effort, or time has been made.
Tendency for people to prefer the smaller immediate reward in favor of a larger delayed reward.