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The Great aDNA
Aligned Ancient DNA Sequencing Data from 10,016 Individuals
Aligned Ancient DNA Sequencing Data from 10,016 Individuals
Study Title:Aligned Ancient DNA Sequencing Data from 10,016 Individuals
Secondary Study Accession:ERP187952
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/PRJEB106907
Aligned sequencing data from 10,016 ancient individuals generated as part of Akbari et al. 2026 are provided here. These include 367 newly reported shotgun ancient genomes and capture data from 9,649 individuals, derived from 18,397 ancient DNA libraries. The capture data primarily represent 9,426 previously unreported individuals, with additional libraries improving coverage for 223 individuals. Laboratory work was performed using established ancient DNA protocols, with sequencing carried out on Illumina NextSeq500, HiSeq X10, and NovaSeq X platforms
MARCH 2026: The Akbari2026 aDNA data drop was released publicly in early March 2026 and represents one of the largest single releases of ancient human genomic data to date. The dataset focuses heavily on West Eurasia samples but likely includes broader global coverage enabling detailed analyses of population history, migrations, admixture, haplogroups, and natural selection over a large time period. Ali Akbari has collaborated with David Reich in the past and this dataset originates directly from the Reich lab at Harvard Medical School. The online aDNA community has jumped out in front of the data with YDNA and MtDNA analysis as well as Global 25 renderings available below. G25 analysis has allowed for sepculation regarding ancient population clusters and genetic affinities.
APRIL 15 2026: Ancient DNA reveals pervasive directional selection across West Eurasia was released by Akbari et al, focusing on human evolutionary biology and natural selection over the past 10,000 years. The study's abstract claims, "...in the past ten millennia, we find that many hundreds of alleles have been affected by strong directional selection... This includes decreases in predicted body fat and schizophrenia, and increases in measures of cognitive performance. These effects were measured in industrialized societies, and it remains unclear how these relate to phenotypes that were adaptive in the past." The study has withheld or anonymized locational and cultural burial context for the samples. It has however provided a mean date for each sample and assigned them to geographic regions which have now been updated in the information below. Reich Labs have allegedly withheld additional sample context to reserve use for future studies, the period of time is said to be ten years. Still, this data combined with G25 has helped illuminate what and where these samples likely came from.
Supplementary Information (download PDF )
Supplementary Sections 1–8 including Supplementary Figures and Tables – see Contents for details.
Supplementary Information (download PDF )
Supplementary Sections 1–8 including Supplementary Figures and Tables – see Contents for details.
Regions from 2026 Akbari et al.
SE (Greece, Western Balkans, Anatolia, Levant, Caucasus, Mesopotamia, Persia, Central Asia)
SW (Iberia, S. France, Italy, Corsica, Sardinia, Malta)
N (England, Ireland, Iceland, Scandanavia, Baltic States)
C (France, Swtizerland, Germany, Low Countries, Central Europe)
E (Hungary, Belarus, Ukraine, Russia, Kazakstan)
Quick Breakdown
10,016 Total aDNA Samples
441 G- M201 Samples
35 G-M406 Samples
10 G-M3302 Samples
Additional Sources
Genarchivist User: Teepean
Akbari2026 Complete Data Set
Akbari2026 Haplogroup Results
Unknown Source:
DNA_BigFile
Compiled Source:
BigFile Formatted for G-M406
Akbari2026: M3302 Samples
Sample ID: I27846
YDNA: G-M3302
Tree: G-M201>L89>L156>P15>L1259>L30>M406>PF3299>FGC5089>M3302
MTDNA: H
Mean Date: AD 250
Region: SW (Iberia, S. France, Italy, Corsica, Sardinia, Malta)
Status on 4/16/26: No Site Location or Archeological Context
G25 Scaled: Akbari2026:I27846,0.091058,0.146236,-0.011691,-0.058463,0.013541,-0.020638,-0.00141,-0.001385,0.007976,0.027153,0.010555,0.006294,-0.001189,0.001239,-0.007872,0.006099,0.00665,-0.003801,-0.001006,-0.004002,-0.005366,-0.003833,0.006779,-0.003856,-0.006227
Closest Cluster: Britain_MA_SouthEuro
Closest Pop: England_High_Medieval_Tzarfati_Jew_Norwich_(n=6)
Notes: Possible Italian with East. Med/Aegaen affinity. Clusters with modern Italian Jews.
Sample ID: I29968
YDNA: G-M3336
Tree: G-M201>L89>L156>P15>L1259>L30>M406>PF3299>FGC5089>M3302>M3425>M3422>M3240>M3336
MTDNA: U1a1b
Mean Date: AD 1349
Region: SW (Iberia, S. France, Italy, Corsica, Sardinia, Malta)
Status on 4/16/26: No Site Location or Archeological Context
G25 Scaled: Akbari2026:I29968,0.114961,0.155376,-0.010182,-0.030039,0.007078,-0.008367,0.003525,-0.000692,-0.002454,0.018041,0.005359,0.004796,-0.006244,0.003165,-0.009908,-0.007823,-0.007562,0.004941,0.010559,-0.001501,-0.004991,-0.002226,-0.001849,-0.005543,0.003353
Closest Cluster: Italy_LA_MA_south
Closest Pop: Anatolia_Early_Medieval_(Byzantine)Zeytinliada(East_Med_Profile)_(n=2)
Notes: Probable Italian with Byzantine/Ionian ancestry
Sample ID: I33871
YDNA: G-Z36772
Tree: G-M201>L89>L156>P15>L1259>L30>M406>PF3299>FGC5089>M3302>M3425>M3422>Z36772
MTDNA: HV13b
Mean Date: AD 675
Region: SE (Greece, Western Balkans, Anatolia, Levant, Caucasus, Mesopotamia, Persia, Central Asia)
Status on 4/16/26: No Site Location or Archeological Context
G25 Scaled: Akbari2026:I33871,0.12862,0.128972,0.050157,0.020026,0.030775,0.005299,0.00517,0.005077,0.002454,0.007107,-0.006496,-0.001199,0.000595,-0.002202,-0.013165,0.017237,0.021513,-0.002534,0.006411,-0.003377,-0.008235,0.00272,0.003328,0.003374,-0.007065
Closest Cluster: Pannonia_Magyar_euro
Closest Pop: Hungary_High_Medieval_Arpadian_Period_Early_(Carpathian_Basin_Profile)_(n=4)
Notes: Likely Post-Roman Pannonia: Slavic ancestry
Sample ID: I33872
YDNA: G-Z36772
Tree: G-M201>L89>L156>P15>L1259>L30>M406>PF3299>FGC5089>M3302>M3425>M3422>Z36772
MTDNA: C5c1
Mean Date: AD 675
Region: SE (Greece, Western Balkans, Anatolia, Levant, Caucasus, Mesopotamia, Persia, Central Asia)
Status on 4/16/26: No Site Location or Archeological Context
G25 Scaled: Akbari2026:I33872,0.110408,0.119832,0.041483,-0.010659,0.018465,-0.000279,-0.00141,0.005077,0.010226,0.012574,0.002761,0.001199,-0.004757,0.005092,-0.003936,0,-0.008866,0.009248,0.005405,0.001,-0.006239,0.000742,-0.000123,-0.002289,0.000599
Closest Cluster: Pannonia_Avar_Euro90%
Closest Pop: Hungary_Early_Medieval_Avar_Period_Middle_(East_Asian-Mixed_Profile)o3(n=1)
Notes: Likely Post-Roman Pannonia: Slavic/Italian ancestry
Sample ID: I38893
YDNA: G-Z36772
Tree: G-M201>L89>L156>P15>L1259>L30>M406>PF3299>FGC5089>M3302>M3425>M3422>Z36772
MTDNA: X2i+@225
Mean Date: AD 250
Region: SE (Greece, Western Balkans, Anatolia, Levant, Caucasus, Mesopotamia, Persia, Central Asia)
Status on 4/16/26: No Site Location or Archeological Context
G25 Scaled: Akbari2026:I38893,0.126344,0.147252,0.021119,-0.031654,0.032314,-0.016455,-0.006345,-0.000692,0.009204,0.032985,-0.002761,0.008542,-0.009217,-0.004542,-0.011265,0.008884,0.02712,0.0019,0.006662,-0.005628,-0.005116,0.001113,0.001725,-0.003976,-0.007185
Closest Cluster: Balkan_central_BA
Closest Pop: Ukraine_EIA_Thraco-Cimmerian_(Thracian_Hallstatt)Kartal(Paleo-Balkan_Profile)_(n=3)
Notes: Likely Roman Pannonia: Italian ancestry
Sample ID: I43412
YDNA: G-M5843
Tree: G-M201>L89>L156>P15>L1259>L30>M406>PF3299>FGC5089>M3302>FT56871>BY21756>BY21758>BY21767>BY21760>M5843
MTDNA: H1
Mean Date: AD 1400
Region: SE (Greece, Western Balkans, Anatolia, Levant, Caucasus, Mesopotamia, Persia, Central Asia)
Status on 4/16/26: No Site Location or Archeological Context
G25 Scaled: Akbari2026:I43412,0.122929,0.146236,0.035449,0.006137,0.030775,-0.001952,0.00846,-0.000231,0.00859,0.013303,-0.003573,0.003147,0.003717,0.00234,-0.000407,0.001193,0.005085,-0.003927,0.002765,-0.008379,-0.003993,-0.001237,-0.00419,0.004338,0.002634
Closest Cluster: Pannonia_EIA
Closest Pop: Italy_Lazio_Late_Medieval_Villa_Magna_(North_Italian_Profile)_(n=2)
Notes: Likely Kingdom of Hungary and Croatia: Italian ancestry
Sample ID: I45192
YDNA: G-M3302
Tree: G-M201>L89>L156>P15>L1259>L30>M406>PF3299>FGC5089>M3302
MTDNA: H14a
Mean Date: 200 BC
Region: SW (Iberia, S. France, Italy, Corsica, Sardinia, Malta)
Status on 4/16/26: No Site Location or Archeological Context
G25 Scaled: Akbari2026:I45192,0.099026,0.152329,-0.007542,-0.046189,0.020311,-0.020917,0,-0.003461,0.016975,0.033167,0.006496,0.008243,-0.00892,-0.006606,-0.001629,-0.001193,-0.007171,-0.002534,0.005531,-0.007379,0.008984,-0.002226,-0.006039,-0.002169,-0.001078
Closest Cluster: NorthAfrica_IA_LowIM
Closest Pop: Italy_Marche_Roman_Empire_Urbino_Bivio_(East_Med_Profile)_(n=3)
Notes: Possible Phoenician/Carthaginian
Sample ID: I45950
YDNA: G-BY21756
Tree: G-M201>L89>L156>P15>L1259>L30>M406>PF3299>FGC5089>M3302>FT56871>BY21756
MTDNA: J1c8b
Mean Date: 500 BC
Region: SE (Greece, Western Balkans, Anatolia, Levant, Caucasus, Mesopotamia, Persia, Central Asia)
Status on 4/16/26: No Site Location or Archeological Context
G25 Scaled: Akbari2026:I45950,0.091058,0.150298,-0.012068,-0.06137,0.024312,-0.026774,-0.006815,-0.002077,0.017998,0.031709,0.00682,0.001349,-0.009366,-0.007569,-0.003122,0.009812,0.019558,0.000887,-0.003771,0.00025,-0.009109,-0.001855,-0.003451,0.006025,0.000359
Closest Cluster: NorthAfrica_IA_LowIM
Closest Pop: Iberia_Catalonia_Roman_Empire_Empuries_(East_Med_Profile)(low_res)(n=2)
Notes: Possible Phoenician/Carthaginian
Sample ID: I47353
YDNA: G-M5843
Tree: G-M201>L89>L156>P15>L1259>L30>M406>PF3299>FGC5089>M3302>FT56871>BY21756>BY21758>BY21767>BY21760>M5843
MTDNA: H13a1a2b
Mean Date: AD 1450
Region: SE (Greece, Western Balkans, Anatolia, Levant, Caucasus, Mesopotamia, Persia, Central Asia)
Status on 4/16/26: No Site Location or Archeological Context
G25 Scaled: Akbari2026:I47353,0.129758,0.133034,0.052043,0.042313,0.039084,0.01757,0.010105,0.011538,0.00859,-0.004738,-0.006496,-0.005995,0.013974,0.017203,-0.008958,-0.009679,-0.009388,0.000127,0.004777,0,-0.005241,-0.003339,0.010476,-0.011688,-0.00467
Closest Cluster: Slavic_South
Closest Pop: Hungary_Early_Medieval_Carolingian_Period_(Central_Euro_Slavic_Profile)_(n=8)
Notes: Likely Kingdom of Hungary and Croatia: Slavic ancestry
Sample ID: S47899
YDNA: G-M5843
Tree: G-M201>L89>L156>P15>L1259>L30>M406>PF3299>FGC5089>M3302>FT56871>BY21756>BY21758>BY21767>BY21760>M5843
MTDNA: J1c2
Mean Date: AD 1100
Region: SE (Greece, Western Balkans, Anatolia, Levant, Caucasus, Mesopotamia, Persia, Central Asia)
Status on 4/16/26: No Site Location or Archeological Context
G25 Scaled: Akbari2026:S47899,0.121791,0.140143,0.018102,-0.019057,0.028621,-0.008925,-0.000705,-0.000692,0.005318,0.014032,0.00341,0.007943,-0.013528,-0.001514,-0.00665,-0.010475,-0.007302,0.00038,0.007542,-0.006628,0.002995,0.010263,0.000616,0.006507,0.005029
Closest Cluster: Pannonia_EBA_Vucedol
Closest Pop: Austria_Early_Medieval_Avar_Period_(Central_Med_Profile)_(n=37)
Notes: Likely Kingdom of Hungary and Croatia: Italian ancestry
Akbari2026: M406 Samples
Sample ID: I34983
YDNA: G-BY104556
Tree: G-M201>L89>L156>P15>L1259>L30>M406>PF3299>FGC5089>FGC5081>Y2724>Z17887>L645>FTA2742>PH1227>BY104556
MTDNA: H59a
Mean Date: 89 BC
Region: SE (Greece, Western Balkans, Anatolia, Levant, Caucasus, Mesopotamia, Persia, Central Asia)
Status on 4/16/26: No Site Location or Archeological Context
G25 Scaled: Akbari2026:I34983,0.130897,0.131003,0.038843,0.024548,0.026159,0.006136,0.002585,0.005077,0.008385,0.010205,-0.008444,-0.00015,-0.003122,-0.001239,-0.000407,-0.006895,0.000261,0.006841,0.00176,-0.011255,-0.004742,-0.000989,-0.004314,0.00012,-0.000958
Closest Cluster: Pannonia_EIA
Closest Pop: Hungary_High_Medieval_Arpadian_Period_Early_(Central_Euro_Profile)_(n=6)
Notes: Likely Roman Pannonia: Italo-Germanic admixture
Sample ID: I39156
YDNA: G-BY93224
Tree: G-M201>L89>L156>P15>L1259>L30>M406>PF3299>FGC5089>FGC5081>Y2724>Z17887>L645>Z42373>BY128167>BY93224
MTDNA: H4a
Mean Date: AD 950
Region: SE (Greece, Western Balkans, Anatolia, Levant, Caucasus, Mesopotamia, Persia, Central Asia)
Status on 4/16/26: No Site Location or Archeological Context
G25 Scaled: Akbari2026:I39156,0.129758,0.13405,0.022627,0.002261,0.027082,-0.001952,0.00188,0.003231,0.000614,0.010023,0.001137,0.010191,-0.012487,-0.003853,-0.002986,0,0.007562,-0.005321,0.007668,-0.002501,-0.008235,-0.003957,-0.002958,0.007712,0.002155
Closest Cluster: Balkan_MA_nonSlavic_North
Closest Pop: Hungary_Late_Antiquity_Sarmatian_(South_Balkan_Profile)_(n=6)
Notes: Likely Post-Roman Pannonia: Italo-Balkan admixture.
Sample ID: I24953
YDNA: G-FGC79808
Tree: G-M201>L89>L156>P15>L1259>L30>M406>PF3299>FGC5089>FGC5081>Y2724>Z17887>L645>Z42373>FGC79804>FGC79808
MTDNA: H
Mean Date: AD 435
Region: SW (Iberia, S. France, Italy, Corsica, Sardinia, Malta)
Status on 4/16/26: No Site Location or Archeological Context
G25 Scaled: Akbari2026:I24953,0.10927,0.152329,0.044877,-0.005168,0.050471,-0.012271,-0.00094,0.004154,0.039882,0.032256,0.003085,0.005545,-0.012339,-0.007019,0.005429,-0.007955,-0.015385,0.001774,-0.004399,-0.01038,-0.004367,0.005317,0.001232,-0.013255,0.00467
Closest Cluster: Spain_Roman_Suevian_South_Merida_Blanes
Closest Pop: Spain_Roman_Suevian_South_Merida_Blanes
Notes: Late-Roman Spain
Sample ID: I40748
YDNA: G-BY172394
Tree: G-M201>L89>L156>P15>L1259>L30>M406>PF3299>FGC5089>FGC5081>S9350>BY172394
MTDNA: J1c2i
Mean Date: 550 BC
Region: SW (Iberia, S. France, Italy, Corsica, Sardinia, Malta)
Status on 4/16/26: No Site Location or Archeological Context
G25 Scaled: Akbari2026:I40748,0.105855,0.153345,-0.012822,-0.043605,0.00677,-0.021196,0,0.005077,0,0.024055,0.009256,0.013938,-0.01219,0.008395,-0.010043,-0.009149,-0.013299,0.000253,0.009679,-0.01013,-0.005366,0.005193,-0.003328,-0.006507,-0.004191
Closest Cluster: Anatolia_BA/IA
Closest Pop: Anatolia_Early_Modern_Zeytinliada_(East_Med_Profile)_(n=1)
Notes: Probable Italian with recent Anatolian admixture (Ionian Greek).
Sample ID: I44285
YDNA: G-FT49621
Tree: G-M201>L89>L156>P15>L1259>L30>M406>PF3299>FGC5089>FGC5081>Y2724>FGC5124>FT49621
MTDNA: H+195
Mean Date: AD 1150
Region: SW (Iberia, S. France, Italy, Corsica, Sardinia, Malta)
Status on 4/16/26: No Site Location or Archeological Context
G25 Scaled: Akbari2026:I44285,0.112685,0.149283,0.003394,-0.033592,0.022773,-0.010877,0.00047,-0.002077,-0.0045,0.02041,0.005846,0.003897,-0.013528,0,-0.0057,-0.006895,0.005346,0.004814,0.005782,-0.008629,-0.000624,0.004575,-0.007765,0.001446,-0.00491
Closest Cluster: Steppe_CernavodaB
Closest Pop: Hungary_Early_Medieval_Avar_Period_Middle_(Central_Med_Profile)_(n=7)
Notes: Possible Italian with Central European admixture.
Sample ID: I47324
YDNA: G-FT49621
Tree: G-M201>L89>L156>P15>L1259>L30>M406>PF3299>FGC5089>FGC5081>Y2724>FGC5124>FT49621
MTDNA: U5a1g
Mean Date: AD 700
Region: C
Status on 4/16/26: No Site Location or Archeological Context
G25 Scaled: Akbari2026:I47324,0.126344,0.147252,0.045632,0.028424,0.0397,0.002231,0.012926,0.004384,-0.001432,-0.002369,0.007795,-0.001199,0.003122,0.021056,-0.008822,-0.006232,-0.006128,0.00038,0.008547,-0.004002,-0.009109,-0.007419,0.007888,-0.006266,0.006945
Closest Cluster: Slavic_South
Closest Pop: Hungary_Early_Medieval_Avar_Period_Early/Middle_(South_Slavic_Profile)_(n=2)
Notes: Likely Post-Roman Pannonia: Slavic Ancestry
Sample ID: I26456
YDNA: G-Z31419
Tree: G-M201>L89>L156>P15>L1259>L30>M406>PF3299>FGC5089>FGC5081>Y2724>Z17887>Z17886>Z31419
MTDNA: U5a2d
Mean Date: AD 160
Region: E
Status on 4/16/26: No Site Location or Archeological Context
G25 Scaled: Akbari2026:I26456,0.118376,0.089367,0.015462,0.027455,-0.007078,0.006972,-0.001645,0.001154,-0.019021,-0.016037,-0.011692,-0.005395,-0.001933,-0.011147,0.004614,0.006497,0.009648,-0.004561,-0.003394,0.001501,-0.002496,-0.000618,0.003204,0.00723,-0.002994
Closest Cluster: Balkan_central_EBA
Closest Pop: Ukraine_IA_Scythian_Mala_Rogozianka_(East_Asian-Mixed_Profile)_(n=1)
Notes: Strong Scythian ancestry. Likely from Late Scythia (300 BC - AD 200) home to a Hellanized and settled phase of Scythian culture in the Crimea and the Lower Dnieper region.
Sample ID: I26527
YDNA: G-Z31419
Tree: G-M201>L89>L156>P15>L1259>L30>M406>PF3299>FGC5089>FGC5081>Y2724>Z17887>Z17886>Z31419
MTDNA: I1
Mean Date: AD 200
Region: SW (Iberia, S. France, Italy, Corsica, Sardinia, Malta)
Status on 4/16/26: No Site Location or Archeological Context
G25 Scaled: Akbari2026:I26527,0.121791,0.151314,-0.012822,-0.065246,0.003385,-0.024542,-0.002115,-0.002769,-0.006954,0.029522,-0.002111,0.005545,-0.013825,0.003441,-0.010315,-0.016706,-0.003129,0.007981,0.005028,-0.012631,-0.002496,0.001855,0.004683,0.002289,0.001557
Closest Cluster: Anatolia_IA_Phrygian
Closest Pop: Hungary_Late_Antiquity_Hun_(East_Med_Profile)_(n=1)
Notes: Likely Roman in Italy with Greek or Anatolian Ancestry
Sample ID: I24068
YDNA: G-Z39513
Tree: G-M201>L89>L156>P15>L1259>L30>M406>PF3299>FGC5089>FGC5081>Y2724>Z17887>Z17886>Z37368>Z39513
MTDNA: J1b1a2
Mean Date: AD 150
Region: SE (Greece, Western Balkans, Anatolia, Levant, Caucasus, Mesopotamia, Persia, Central Asia)
Status on 4/16/26: No Site Location or Archeological Context
G25 Scaled: Akbari2026:I24068,0.103579,0.142174,-0.059585,-0.053618,-0.031083,-0.004183,0.005875,-0.016153,-0.036201,-0.007107,0.00747,0.009891,-0.013231,0.012386,-0.006922,-0.022408,-0.011474,0.005574,0.002514,-0.002126,0.002745,0.001978,-0.00949,-0.008676,0.002634
Closest Cluster: Caucasus_Armenian_Late
Closest Pop: Armenia_Roman_Republic-Late_Antiquity_(Artaxiad-Arsacid)Beniamin(n=5)
Notes: Likely native resident of Armenian Roman Client State
Sample ID: I38910
YDNA: G-MF48165
Tree: G-M201>L89>L156>P15>L1259>L30>M406>PF3299>FGC5089>FGC5081>Y2724>Z17887>Z17886>Z31419>FTD83174>MF48165
MTDNA: U3b
Mean Date: AD 150
Region: SW (Iberia, S. France, Italy, Corsica, Sardinia, Malta)
Status on 4/16/26: No Site Location or Archeological Context
G25 Scaled: Akbari2026:I38910,0.105855,0.150298,-0.018479,-0.057494,0.009232,-0.025379,-0.004935,-0.003461,0.007567,0.020046,0.001299,0.006444,-0.003568,0.004404,-0.003936,-0.008353,-0.009779,-0.002787,0.001634,-0.005002,-0.003494,0.003586,-0.001849,-0.008314,0.001796
Closest Cluster: Italy_imperial
Closest Pop: Italy_Lazio_Late_Medieval_Villa_Magna_(East_Med_Profile)_(n=5)
Notes: Possible Italian with East. Med/Aegaen affinity. Clusters with modern Italian Jews.
Sample ID: I35684
YDNA: G-FTA64009
Tree: G-M201>L89>L156>P15>L1259>L30>M406>PF3299>FGC5089>FGC5081>Y2724>FGC5124>L14>FTD87629>FTA64009
MTDNA: X2c1
Mean Date: 700 BC
Region: SW (Iberia, S. France, Italy, Corsica, Sardinia, Malta)
Status on 4/16/26: No Site Location or Archeological Context
G25 Scaled: Akbari2026:I35684,0.108132,0.144205,0.001508,-0.033592,0.014464,-0.014781,0,-0.000231,0.005318,0.027335,0.002436,0.006444,-0.014717,-0.010046,-0.005429,0.002254,0.013299,-0.002914,0.004274,-0.006378,-0.00262,0.003833,0.001849,0.00494,-0.001078
Closest Cluster: Balkan_MA_nonSlavic_West
Closest Pop: Italy_Lazio_Early_Modern_Renaissance_Tivoli_(n=3)
Notes: Probable Italian with recent Anatolian admixture (Ionian Greek).
Sample ID: I19964
YDNA: G-Z17084
Tree: G-M201>L89>L156>P15>L1259>L30>M406>PF3299>FGC5089>FGC5081>Y2724>FGC5124>L14>FGC5155>FGC5096>Z17084
MTDNA: H1e1a
Mean Date: AD 129
Region: SW (Iberia, S. France, Italy, Corsica, Sardinia, Malta)
Status on 4/16/26: No Site Location or Archeological Context
G25 Scaled: Akbari2026:I19964,0.113823,0.147252,-0.012822,-0.046512,-0.000308,-0.01004,0.00094,-0.006461,-0.012067,0.015308,0.00406,0.002997,-0.006095,-0.009083,0.002443,0.005967,0.014473,-0.000127,0,-0.00075,0.000374,0.006306,0.003328,-0.000843,-0.007664
Closest Cluster: Anatolia_BA/IA
Closest Pop: Italy_Piedmont_Early_Medieval_Lombard_Period_Collegno_(East_Med_Profile)_(n=8)
Notes: Probable Italian with recent Anatolian admixture (Ionian Greek).
Sample ID: I35428
YDNA: G-FTD7396
Tree: G-M201>L89>L156>P15>L1259>L30>M406>PF3299>FGC5089>FGC5081>Y2724>FGC5124>L14>FGC5155>FGC5096>Z17084>FT45013>FTD7396
MTDNA: K2b1
Mean Date: AD 200
Region: SW (Iberia, S. France, Italy, Corsica, Sardinia, Malta)
Status on 4/16/26: No Site Location or Archeological Context
G25 Scaled: Akbari2026:I35428,0.126344,0.146236,0.017348,-0.011305,0.025235,-0.008088,-0.00282,-0.001615,-0.007567,0.021868,0.002273,0.008243,-0.00669,-0.00234,-0.013301,-0.001591,0.00339,0.003421,-0.002137,-0.008754,-0.000998,-0.00272,-0.002958,0.000602,-0.003592
Closest Cluster: Balkan_central_BA
Closest Pop: Austria_Early_Medieval_Avar_Period_(Central_Med_Profile)_(n=37)
Notes: Likely Roman Pannonia: Italo-Balkan admixture.
Sample ID: I28341
YDNA: G-Z30814
Tree: G-M201>L89>L156>P15>L1259>L30>M406>PF3299>PF3293>PF3296>Z30814
MTDNA: U1a1a3
Mean Date: AD 150
Region: SW (Iberia, S. France, Italy, Corsica, Sardinia, Malta)
Status on 4/16/26: No Site Location or Archeological Context
G25 Scaled: Akbari2026:I28341,0.084229,0.148267,-0.040729,-0.075582,-0.008001,-0.023985,0.003995,0.002308,0.007567,0.016219,0.006333,-0.005695,-0.003419,0.004817,-0.003393,-0.005967,-0.007562,-0.001774,0.007919,-0.007629,-0.001996,0.004451,-0.008381,-0.000723,-0.000359
Closest Cluster: Levant_MA
Closest Pop: Serbia_Roman_Empire_Viminacium_Pirivoj_(Levantine_Profile)_(n=1)
Notes: Likely Roman or Roman Slave in Italy with Levantine Ancestry
Sample ID: I24350
YDNA: G-S11415
Tree: G-M201>L89>L156>P15>L1259>L30>M406>PF3299>PF3293>PF3296>Z30814>FGC41427>S11415
MTDNA: H
Mean Date: AD 425
Region: C
Status on 4/16/26: No Site Location or Archeological Context
G25 Scaled: Akbari2026:I24350,0.104717,0.140143,-0.02225,-0.048127,0.010156,-0.017012,-0.002585,-0.004846,0.002045,0.020228,-0.002111,0.001199,-0.006838,-0.007432,-0.016015,0.006762,0.02373,-0.002407,0.003142,0.00988,0.004742,0.001978,0.000863,-0.009399,-0.002395
Closest Cluster: Greece_Modern
Closest Pop: Italy_Lazio_Roman_Empire_Palestrina_Antina_(East_Med_Profile)_(n=1)
Notes: Possibly in Late Roman Gaul/Germany/Brittania with Greek or Roman Ancestry
Sample ID: I27847
YDNA: G-BY104772
Tree: G-M201>L89>L156>P15>L1259>L30>M406>PF3299>PF3293>PF3296>Z30814>FGC41427>S11415>BY104772
MTDNA: H8c
Mean Date: AD 250
Region: SW (Iberia, S. France, Italy, Corsica, Sardinia, Malta)
Status on 4/16/26: No Site Location or Archeological Context
G25 Scaled: Akbari2026:I27847,0.112685,0.152329,-0.011314,-0.056848,0.007078,-0.01757,0.000705,-0.001846,-0.004704,0.024784,-0.001949,0.002098,-0.009217,-0.002477,-0.012351,-0.00769,0.004042,0.00266,0.005782,0.003252,0.006988,0.007666,-0.000863,0.00012,-0.00479
Closest Cluster: Anatolia_IA_Greek
Closest Pop: Croatia_Roman_Empire_Trogir_(East_Med_Profile)_(n=4)
Notes: Likely Roman in Italy with Greek or Anatolian Ancestry
Sample ID: I27845
YDNA: G-S11415
Tree: G-M201>L89>L156>P15>L1259>L30>M406>PF3299>PF3293>PF3296>Z30814>FGC41427>S11415
MTDNA: H
Mean Date: AD 250
Region: SW (Iberia, S. France, Italy, Corsica, Sardinia, Malta)
Status on 4/16/26: No Site Location or Archeological Context
G25 Scaled: Akbari2026:I27845,0.111547,0.158423,-0.04186,-0.073644,-0.001846,-0.022869,0.003995,-0.006923,-0.007158,0.027882,0.003248,0.007194,-0.004311,-0.000826,-0.019544,-0.005038,-0.004433,0.000127,0.003017,-0.006878,-0.007736,0.007172,-0.002342,0.006627,-0.006706
Closest Cluster: Anatolia_IA_Greek
Closest Pop: Sicily_IA-Classical_Himera_(Anatolian_BA_Profile)_(n=1)
Notes: Likely Roman in Italy with Greek or Anatolian Ancestry
Sample ID: I28225
YDNA: G-S11415
Tree: G-M201>L89>L156>P15>L1259>L30>M406>PF3299>PF3293>PF3296>Z30814>FGC41427>S11415
MTDNA: HV0a
Mean Date: 450 BC
Region: SW (Iberia, S. France, Italy, Corsica, Sardinia, Malta)
Status on 4/16/26: No Site Location or Archeological Context
G25 Scaled: Akbari2026:I28225,0.134311,0.166547,0.018102,-0.039729,0.036007,-0.012271,0.00282,-0.002308,0.017794,0.042279,0.002761,0.014987,-0.018434,-0.000826,-0.003393,-0.009016,-0.008736,0.006334,0.006536,-0.012756,-0.004617,0.003091,-0.007765,-0.007591,-0.012214
Closest Cluster: Greece_BA_Epirus
Closest Pop: Hungary_Early_Medieval_Avar_Period_Middle_(BA-IA_Southern_Balkan_Profile)_(n=1)
Notes: Probable Greek Colonist in Italy
Sample ID: I31878
YDNA: G-Z17084
Tree: G-M201>L89>L156>P15>L1259>L30>M406>PF3299>FGC5089>FGC5081>Y2724>FGC5124>L14>FGC5155>FGC5096>Z17084
MTDNA: H5a1d
Mean Date: AD 200
Region: SW (Iberia, S. France, Italy, Corsica, Sardinia, Malta)
Status on 4/16/26: No Site Location or Archeological Context
G25 Scaled: Akbari2026:I31878,0.106994,0.153345,-0.016216,-0.060401,0.003385,-0.018686,-0.000705,-0.003692,0.007976,0.027518,0.002436,0.004796,-0.008028,-0.007432,-0.005429,0.003182,0.002868,-0.00076,0.006285,0.000125,-0.005615,0.008779,-0.003697,-0.005663,0.001676
Closest Cluster: Italy_imperial
Closest Pop: Italy_Lazio_Late_Antiquity_Rome_(East_Med_Profile)_(n=8)
Notes: Likely Roman in Italy with Greek Ancestry
Sample ID: I35801
YDNA: G-S11415
Tree: G-M201>L89>L156>P15>L1259>L30>M406>PF3299>PF3293>PF3296>Z30814>FGC41427>S11415
MTDNA: H7a1
Mean Date: AD 650
Region: E
Status on 4/16/26: No Site Location or Archeological Context
G25 Scaled: Akbari2026:I35801,0.119514,0.148267,0.002263,-0.040698,0.012002,-0.018407,0.00564,-0.003231,-0.001636,0.021868,0.005196,0.003747,-0.011596,-0.006744,-0.017779,0.012331,0.026859,-0.003294,0.007542,-0.001876,-0.00836,0.001731,0.003204,0.005061,0
Closest Cluster: Balkan_MA_nonSlavic_West
Closest Pop: Ukraine_IA_Scythian_Bilsk_(East_Med_Profile)_(n=1)
Notes: Likely Byzantine / Anatolian Greek
Sample ID: I37949
YDNA: G-S11415
Tree: G-M201>L89>L156>P15>L1259>L30>M406>PF3299>PF3293>PF3296>Z30814>FGC41427>S11415
MTDNA: H1m
Mean Date: AD 950
Region: C
Status on 4/16/26: No Site Location or Archeological Context
G25 Scaled: Akbari2026:I37949,0.120652,0.139128,0.012068,-0.022933,0.023081,-0.005578,-0.002115,-0.005769,0.014317,0.031162,-0.005521,0.012439,-0.009812,-0.004679,0.001086,0.00358,0.002608,0.004561,0.004148,-0.005002,-0.000998,0.005564,-0.001725,-0.00253,-0.000838
Closest Cluster: Pannonia_EBA_Vucedol
Closest Pop: Slovenia_Late_Antiquity_Emona_(Central_Med_Profile)_(n=2)
Notes: Likely Hungary or Austria: Italo-Balkan admixture.
Sample ID: I39156
YDNA: G-BY93224
Tree: G-M201>L89>L156>P15>L1259>L30>M406>PF3299>FGC5089>FGC5081>Y2724>Z17887>L645>Z42373>BY128167>BY93224
MTDNA: H4a
Mean Date: AD 950
Region: C
Status on 4/16/26: No Site Location or Archeological Context
G25 Scaled: Akbari2026:I39156,0.129758,0.13405,0.022627,0.002261,0.027082,-0.001952,0.00188,0.003231,0.000614,0.010023,0.001137,0.010191,-0.012487,-0.003853,-0.002986,0,0.007562,-0.005321,0.007668,-0.002501,-0.008235,-0.003957,-0.002958,0.007712,0.002155
Closest Cluster: Balkan_MA_nonSlavic_North
Closest Pop: Hungary_Late_Antiquity_Sarmatian_(South_Balkan_Profile)_(n=6)
Notes: Possible Austrian or Hungarian: Balkan Ancestry
Sample ID: I40058
YDNA: G-Z17084
Tree: G-M201>L89>L156>P15>L1259>L30>M406>PF3299>FGC5089>FGC5081>Y2724>FGC5124>L14>FGC5155>FGC5096>Z17084
MTDNA: H2a
Mean Date: AD 1000
Region: SE (Greece, Western Balkans, Anatolia, Levant, Caucasus, Mesopotamia, Persia, Central Asia)
Status on 4/16/26: No Site Location or Archeological Context
G25 Scaled: Akbari2026:I40058,0.118376,0.149283,0.006411,-0.026163,0.015695,-0.014223,-0.003525,-0.008769,-0.000409,0.021868,0.000812,0.006145,-0.013528,-0.004817,-0.011672,0.004906,0.024121,0.001774,0.004022,-0.008504,-0.006364,0.001607,0.005176,0.010604,-0.007544
Closest Cluster: Balkan_MA_nonSlavic_West
Closest Pop: Hungary_Early_Medieval_Lombard_Period_(East_Med_Profile)_(n=1)
Notes: Possible Austrian or Hungarian: Italian and Byzantine / Anatolian Greek Admixture
Sample ID: I41922
YDNA: G-S11415
Tree: G-M201>L89>L156>P15>L1259>L30>M406>PF3293>PF3296>Z30814>FGC41427>S11415
MTDNA: J1
Mean Date: AD 250
Region: SE (Greece, Western Balkans, Anatolia, Levant, Caucasus, Mesopotamia, Persia, Central Asia)
Status on 4/16/26: No Site Location or Archeological Context
G25 Scaled: Akbari2026:I41922.TW,0.113823,0.149283,-0.01697,-0.060078,0.005539,-0.03012,0,-0.001154,-0.001432,0.022233,0.006008,0.006744,-0.004311,0.01101,-0.009636,-0.01432,-0.00665,0.004561,0.00817,-0.01088,-0.005615,0.00643,-0.005053,0.003012,0.001078
Closest Cluster: Italy_imperial
Closest Pop: Hungary_Late_Antiquity_Ostrogoth_(East_Med_Profile)_(n=1)
Notes: Likely Roman Pannonia: Strong Italian signature with East. Med/Aegean affinity. Clusters with modern Italian Jews.
Sample ID: I42867
YDNA: G-Z17084
Tree: G-M201>L89>L156>P15>L1259>L30>M406>PF3299>FGC5089>FGC5081>Y2724>FGC5124>L14>FGC5155>FGC5096>Z17084
MTDNA: H2a1
Mean Date: AD 200
Region: SE (Greece, Western Balkans, Anatolia, Levant, Caucasus, Mesopotamia, Persia, Central Asia)
Status on 4/16/26: No Site Location or Archeological Context
G25 Scaled: Akbari2026:I42867,0.114961,0.152329,-0.02753,-0.064277,-0.012925,-0.018686,-0.00047,-0.006923,-0.007772,0.01713,0.006496,0.003597,-0.009663,-0.003853,-0.013029,0.001989,0.010691,-0.000127,0.006411,-0.004627,-0.002995,0.005193,-0.000986,-0.000361,0.003353
Closest Cluster: Anatolia_IA_Phrygian
Closest Pop: Anatolia_Hellenistic-Roman_Republic_Gordion_(East_Med-Anatolian_Profile)_(n=3)
Notes: Likely Greece/Croatia/Serbia. Strong Italian signature with Aegean and Central Anatolian affinity. Clusters with modern Italian Jews.
Sample ID: I43704
YDNA: G-ZS9461
Tree: G-M201>L89>L156>P15>L1259>L30>M406>PF3299>FGC5089>FGC5081>Y2724>FGC5124>L14>FGC5155>FGC5096>Z17084>Y92117>ZS9461
MTDNA: K1a4j
Mean Date: AD 300
Region: SE (Greece, Western Balkans, Anatolia, Levant, Caucasus, Mesopotamia, Persia, Central Asia)
Status on 4/16/26: No Site Location or Archeological Context
G25 Scaled: Akbari2026:I43704,0.105855,0.148267,-0.039975,-0.060078,-0.001846,-0.023985,0.00188,-0.008077,-0.003681,0.012392,0.010068,0.003747,-0.004162,0.004129,-0.011808,-0.011138,-0.004694,-0.002027,0.005154,-0.002001,0.004742,-0.001731,-0.000986,-0.002169,0.000838
Closest Cluster: Anatolia_IA_north
Closest Pop: Italy_Lazio_Roman_Empire_Mazzano_Romano_(East_Med-Anatolian_Profile)_(n=2)
Notes: Likely Greece/Croatia/Serbia. Strong Italian signature with Aegean and Central Anatolian affinity. Clusters with modern Italian Jews.
Akbari2026: Global 25 M406 Dataset
Akbari2026:I19964_Italy_Piedmont_Early_Medieval_Lombard_Period_Collegno_550_750CE,0.113823,0.147252,-0.012822,-0.046512,-0.000308,-0.01004,0.00094,-0.006461,-0.012067,0.015308,0.00406,0.002997,-0.006095,-0.009083,0.002443,0.005967,0.014473,-0.000127,0,-0.00075,0.000374,0.006306,0.003328,-0.000843,-0.007664
Akbari2026:I24068_Armenia_Roman_Republic_Late_Antiquity_Artaxiad_Arsacid_Beniamin_200BCE_300CE,0.103579,0.142174,-0.059585,-0.053618,-0.031083,-0.004183,0.005875,-0.016153,-0.036201,-0.007107,0.00747,0.009891,-0.013231,0.012386,-0.006922,-0.022408,-0.011474,0.005574,0.002514,-0.002126,0.002745,0.001978,-0.00949,-0.008676,0.002634
Akbari2026:I24350_Italy_Lazio_Roman_Empire_Palestrina_Antina_1_300CE,0.104717,0.140143,-0.02225,-0.048127,0.010156,-0.017012,-0.002585,-0.004846,0.002045,0.020228,-0.002111,0.001199,-0.006838,-0.007432,-0.016015,0.006762,0.02373,-0.002407,0.003142,0.00988,0.004742,0.001978,0.000863,-0.009399,-0.002395
Akbari2026:I24953_Spain_Roman_Suevian_South_Merida_Blanes_350_600CE,0.10927,0.152329,0.044877,-0.005168,0.050471,-0.012271,-0.00094,0.004154,0.039882,0.032256,0.003085,0.005545,-0.012339,-0.007019,0.005429,-0.007955,-0.015385,0.001774,-0.004399,-0.01038,-0.004367,0.005317,0.001232,-0.013255,0.00467
Akbari2026_I26456:Ukraine_IA_Scythian_Mala_Rogozianka_600_300BCE,0.118376,0.089367,0.015462,0.027455,-0.007078,0.006972,-0.001645,0.001154,-0.019021,-0.016037,-0.011692,-0.005395,-0.001933,-0.011147,0.004614,0.006497,0.009648,-0.004561,-0.003394,0.001501,-0.002496,-0.000618,0.003204,0.00723,-0.002994
Akbari2026:I26527_Hungary_Late_Antiquity_Hun_350_500CE,0.121791,0.151314,-0.012822,-0.065246,0.003385,-0.024542,-0.002115,-0.002769,-0.006954,0.029522,-0.002111,0.005545,-0.013825,0.003441,-0.010315,-0.016706,-0.003129,0.007981,0.005028,-0.012631,-0.002496,0.001855,0.004683,0.002289,0.001557
Akbari2026:I27845_Sicily_IAClassical_Himera_600_300BCE,0.111547,0.158423,-0.04186,-0.073644,-0.001846,-0.022869,0.003995,-0.006923,-0.007158,0.027882,0.003248,0.007194,-0.004311,-0.000826,-0.019544,-0.005038,-0.004433,0.000127,0.003017,-0.006878,-0.007736,0.007172,-0.002342,0.006627,-0.006706
Akbari2026:I27846_England_High_Medieval_Tzarfati_Jew_Norwich_1100_1300CE,0.091058,0.146236,-0.011691,-0.058463,0.013541,-0.020638,-0.00141,-0.001385,0.007976,0.027153,0.010555,0.006294,-0.001189,0.001239,-0.007872,0.006099,0.00665,-0.003801,-0.001006,-0.004002,-0.005366,-0.003833,0.006779,-0.003856,-0.006227
Akbari2026:I27847_Croatia_Roman_Empire_Trogir_100_300CE,0.112685,0.152329,-0.011314,-0.056848,0.007078,-0.01757,0.000705,-0.001846,-0.004704,0.024784,-0.001949,0.002098,-0.009217,-0.002477,-0.012351,-0.00769,0.004042,0.00266,0.005782,0.003252,0.006988,0.007666,-0.000863,0.00012,-0.00479
Akbari2026:I28225_Hungary_Early_Medieval_Avar_Period_Middle_600_800CE,0.134311,0.166547,0.018102,-0.039729,0.036007,-0.012271,0.00282,-0.002308,0.017794,0.042279,0.002761,0.014987,-0.018434,-0.000826,-0.003393,-0.009016,-0.008736,0.006334,0.006536,-0.012756,-0.004617,0.003091,-0.007765,-0.007591,-0.012214
Akbari2026:I28341_Serbia_Roman_Empire_Viminacium_Pirivoj_100_400CE,0.084229,0.148267,-0.040729,-0.075582,-0.008001,-0.023985,0.003995,0.002308,0.007567,0.016219,0.006333,-0.005695,-0.003419,0.004817,-0.003393,-0.005967,-0.007562,-0.001774,0.007919,-0.007629,-0.001996,0.004451,-0.008381,-0.000723,-0.000359
Akbari2026:I29968_Anatolia_Early_Medieval_Byzantine_Zeytinliada_700_1000CE,0.114961,0.155376,-0.010182,-0.030039,0.007078,-0.008367,0.003525,-0.000692,-0.002454,0.018041,0.005359,0.004796,-0.006244,0.003165,-0.009908,-0.007823,-0.007562,0.004941,0.010559,-0.001501,-0.004991,-0.002226,-0.001849,-0.005543,0.003353
Akbari2026:I31878_Italy_Lazio_Late_Antiquity_Rome_200_450CE,0.106994,0.153345,-0.016216,-0.060401,0.003385,-0.018686,-0.000705,-0.003692,0.007976,0.027518,0.002436,0.004796,-0.008028,-0.007432,-0.005429,0.003182,0.002868,-0.00076,0.006285,0.000125,-0.005615,0.008779,-0.003697,-0.005663,0.001676
Akbari2026:I33871_Hungary_High_Medieval_Arpadian_Period_Early_900_1100CE,0.12862,0.128972,0.050157,0.020026,0.030775,0.005299,0.00517,0.005077,0.002454,0.007107,-0.006496,-0.001199,0.000595,-0.002202,-0.013165,0.017237,0.021513,-0.002534,0.006411,-0.003377,-0.008235,0.00272,0.003328,0.003374,-0.007065
Akbari2026:I33872_Hungary_Early_Medieval_Avar_Period_Middle_650_800CE,0.110408,0.119832,0.041483,-0.010659,0.018465,-0.000279,-0.00141,0.005077,0.010226,0.012574,0.002761,0.001199,-0.004757,0.005092,-0.003936,0,-0.008866,0.009248,0.005405,0.001,-0.006239,0.000742,-0.000123,-0.002289,0.000599
Akbari2026:I34983_Hungary_High_Medieval_Arpadian_Period_Early_700_1100CE,0.130897,0.131003,0.038843,0.024548,0.026159,0.006136,0.002585,0.005077,0.008385,0.010205,-0.008444,-0.00015,-0.003122,-0.001239,-0.000407,-0.006895,0.000261,0.006841,0.00176,-0.011255,-0.004742,-0.000989,-0.004314,0.00012,-0.000958
Akbari2026:I35428_Austria_Early_Medieval_Avar_Period_600_800CE,0.126344,0.146236,0.017348,-0.011305,0.025235,-0.008088,-0.00282,-0.001615,-0.007567,0.021868,0.002273,0.008243,-0.00669,-0.00234,-0.013301,-0.001591,0.00339,0.003421,-0.002137,-0.008754,-0.000998,-0.00272,-0.002958,0.000602,-0.003592
Akbari2026:I35684_Italy_Lazio_Early_Modern_Renaissance_Tivoli_1400_1700CE,0.108132,0.144205,0.001508,-0.033592,0.014464,-0.014781,0,-0.000231,0.005318,0.027335,0.002436,0.006444,-0.014717,-0.010046,-0.005429,0.002254,0.013299,-0.002914,0.004274,-0.006378,-0.00262,0.003833,0.001849,0.00494,-0.001078
Akbari2026:I35801_Ukraine_IA_Scythian_Bilsk_600_200BCE,0.119514,0.148267,0.002263,-0.040698,0.012002,-0.018407,0.00564,-0.003231,-0.001636,0.021868,0.005196,0.003747,-0.011596,-0.006744,-0.017779,0.012331,0.026859,-0.003294,0.007542,-0.001876,-0.00836,0.001731,0.003204,0.005061,0
Akbari2026:I37949_Slovenia_Late_Antiquity_Emona_200_500CE,0.120652,0.139128,0.012068,-0.022933,0.023081,-0.005578,-0.002115,-0.005769,0.014317,0.031162,-0.005521,0.012439,-0.009812,-0.004679,0.001086,0.00358,0.002608,0.004561,0.004148,-0.005002,-0.000998,0.005564,-0.001725,-0.00253,-0.000838
Akbari2026:I38893_Ukraine_EIA_ThracoCimmerian_Thracian_Hallstatt_Kartal_900_500BCE,0.126344,0.147252,0.021119,-0.031654,0.032314,-0.016455,-0.006345,-0.000692,0.009204,0.032985,-0.002761,0.008542,-0.009217,-0.004542,-0.011265,0.008884,0.02712,0.0019,0.006662,-0.005628,-0.005116,0.001113,0.001725,-0.003976,-0.007185
Akbari2026:I38910_Italy_Lazio_Late_Medieval_Villa_Magna_100_500CE,0.105855,0.150298,-0.018479,-0.057494,0.009232,-0.025379,-0.004935,-0.003461,0.007567,0.020046,0.001299,0.006444,-0.003568,0.004404,-0.003936,-0.008353,-0.009779,-0.002787,0.001634,-0.005002,-0.003494,0.003586,-0.001849,-0.008314,0.001796
Akbari2026:I39156_Hungary_Late_Antiquity_Sarmatian_300_600CE,0.129758,0.13405,0.022627,0.002261,0.027082,-0.001952,0.00188,0.003231,0.000614,0.010023,0.001137,0.010191,-0.012487,-0.003853,-0.002986,0,0.007562,-0.005321,0.007668,-0.002501,-0.008235,-0.003957,-0.002958,0.007712,0.002155
Akbari2026:I40058_Hungary_Early_Medieval_Lombard_Period_550_750CE,0.118376,0.149283,0.006411,-0.026163,0.015695,-0.014223,-0.003525,-0.008769,-0.000409,0.021868,0.000812,0.006145,-0.013528,-0.004817,-0.011672,0.004906,0.024121,0.001774,0.004022,-0.008504,-0.006364,0.001607,0.005176,0.010604,-0.007544
Akbari2026:I40748_Anatolia_Early_Modern_Zeytinliada_1200_1700CE,0.105855,0.153345,-0.012822,-0.043605,0.00677,-0.021196,0,0.005077,0,0.024055,0.009256,0.013938,-0.01219,0.008395,-0.010043,-0.009149,-0.013299,0.000253,0.009679,-0.01013,-0.005366,0.005193,-0.003328,-0.006507,-0.004191
Akbari2026:I41922_Hungary_Late_Antiquity_Ostrogoth_350_550CE,0.113823,0.149283,-0.01697,-0.060078,0.005539,-0.03012,0,-0.001154,-0.001432,0.022233,0.006008,0.006744,-0.004311,0.01101,-0.009636,-0.01432,-0.00665,0.004561,0.00817,-0.01088,-0.005615,0.00643,-0.005053,0.003012,0.001078
Akbari2026:I42867_Anatolia_Hellenistic_Roman_Republic_Gordion_200BCE_100CE,0.114961,0.152329,-0.02753,-0.064277,-0.012925,-0.018686,-0.00047,-0.006923,-0.007772,0.01713,0.006496,0.003597,-0.009663,-0.003853,-0.013029,0.001989,0.010691,-0.000127,0.006411,-0.004627,-0.002995,0.005193,-0.000986,-0.000361,0.003353
Akbari2026:I43412_Italy_Lazio_Late_Medieval_Villa_Magna_900_1200CE,0.122929,0.146236,0.035449,0.006137,0.030775,-0.001952,0.00846,-0.000231,0.00859,0.013303,-0.003573,0.003147,0.003717,0.00234,-0.000407,0.001193,0.005085,-0.003927,0.002765,-0.008379,-0.003993,-0.001237,-0.00419,0.004338,0.002634
Akbari2026:I43704_Italy_Lazio_Roman_Empire_Mazzano_Romano_1_300CE,0.105855,0.148267,-0.039975,-0.060078,-0.001846,-0.023985,0.00188,-0.008077,-0.003681,0.012392,0.010068,0.003747,-0.004162,0.004129,-0.011808,-0.011138,-0.004694,-0.002027,0.005154,-0.002001,0.004742,-0.001731,-0.000986,-0.002169,0.000838
Akbari2026:I44285_Hungary_Early_Medieval_Avar_Period_Middle_600_800CE,0.112685,0.149283,0.003394,-0.033592,0.022773,-0.010877,0.00047,-0.002077,-0.0045,0.02041,0.005846,0.003897,-0.013528,0,-0.0057,-0.006895,0.005346,0.004814,0.005782,-0.008629,-0.000624,0.004575,-0.007765,0.001446,-0.00491
Akbari2026:I45192_Italy_Marche_Roman_Empire_Urbino_Bivio_1_300CE,0.099026,0.152329,-0.007542,-0.046189,0.020311,-0.020917,0,-0.003461,0.016975,0.033167,0.006496,0.008243,-0.00892,-0.006606,-0.001629,-0.001193,-0.007171,-0.002534,0.005531,-0.007379,0.008984,-0.002226,-0.006039,-0.002169,-0.001078
Akbari2026:I45950_Iberia_Catalonia_Roman_Empire_Empuries_50BCE_250CE,0.091058,0.150298,-0.012068,-0.06137,0.024312,-0.026774,-0.006815,-0.002077,0.017998,0.031709,0.00682,0.001349,-0.009366,-0.007569,-0.003122,0.009812,0.019558,0.000887,-0.003771,0.00025,-0.009109,-0.001855,-0.003451,0.006025,0.000359
Akbari2026:I47324_Hungary_Early_Medieval_Avar_Period_Early/Middle_600_800CE,0.126344,0.147252,0.045632,0.028424,0.0397,0.002231,0.012926,0.004384,-0.001432,-0.002369,0.007795,-0.001199,0.003122,0.021056,-0.008822,-0.006232,-0.006128,0.00038,0.008547,-0.004002,-0.009109,-0.007419,0.007888,-0.006266,0.006945
Akbari2026:I47353_Hungary_Early_Medieval_Carolingian_Period_700_900CE,0.129758,0.133034,0.052043,0.042313,0.039084,0.01757,0.010105,0.011538,0.00859,-0.004738,-0.006496,-0.005995,0.013974,0.017203,-0.008958,-0.009679,-0.009388,0.000127,0.004777,0,-0.005241,-0.003339,0.010476,-0.011688,-0.00467
Akbari2026:S47899_Austria_Early_Medieval_Avar_Period_600_800CE,0.121791,0.140143,0.018102,-0.019057,0.028621,-0.008925,-0.000705,-0.000692,0.005318,0.014032,0.00341,0.007943,-0.013528,-0.001514,-0.00665,-0.010475,-0.007302,0.00038,0.007542,-0.006628,0.002995,0.010263,0.000616,0.006507,0.005029
Akbari2026: Global 25 M3302 Dataset
Akbari2026:I27846_England_High_Medieval_Tzarfati_Jew_Norwich_1100_1300CE,0.091058,0.146236,-0.011691,-0.058463,0.013541,-0.020638,-0.00141,-0.001385,0.007976,0.027153,0.010555,0.006294,-0.001189,0.001239,-0.007872,0.006099,0.00665,-0.003801,-0.001006,-0.004002,-0.005366,-0.003833,0.006779,-0.003856,-0.006227
Akbari2026:I29968_Anatolia_Early_Medieval_Byzantine_Zeytinliada_700_1000CE,0.114961,0.155376,-0.010182,-0.030039,0.007078,-0.008367,0.003525,-0.000692,-0.002454,0.018041,0.005359,0.004796,-0.006244,0.003165,-0.009908,-0.007823,-0.007562,0.004941,0.010559,-0.001501,-0.004991,-0.002226,-0.001849,-0.005543,0.003353
Akbari2026:I33871_Hungary_High_Medieval_Arpadian_Period_Early_900_1100CE,0.12862,0.128972,0.050157,0.020026,0.030775,0.005299,0.00517,0.005077,0.002454,0.007107,-0.006496,-0.001199,0.000595,-0.002202,-0.013165,0.017237,0.021513,-0.002534,0.006411,-0.003377,-0.008235,0.00272,0.003328,0.003374,-0.007065
Akbari2026:I33872_Hungary_Early_Medieval_Avar_Period_Middle_650_800CE,0.110408,0.119832,0.041483,-0.010659,0.018465,-0.000279,-0.00141,0.005077,0.010226,0.012574,0.002761,0.001199,-0.004757,0.005092,-0.003936,0,-0.008866,0.009248,0.005405,0.001,-0.006239,0.000742,-0.000123,-0.002289,0.000599
Akbari2026:I43412_Italy_Lazio_Late_Medieval_Villa_Magna_900_1200CE,0.122929,0.146236,0.035449,0.006137,0.030775,-0.001952,0.00846,-0.000231,0.00859,0.013303,-0.003573,0.003147,0.003717,0.00234,-0.000407,0.001193,0.005085,-0.003927,0.002765,-0.008379,-0.003993,-0.001237,-0.00419,0.004338,0.002634
Akbari2026:I45192_Italy_Marche_Roman_Empire_Urbino_Bivio_1_300CE,0.099026,0.152329,-0.007542,-0.046189,0.020311,-0.020917,0,-0.003461,0.016975,0.033167,0.006496,0.008243,-0.00892,-0.006606,-0.001629,-0.001193,-0.007171,-0.002534,0.005531,-0.007379,0.008984,-0.002226,-0.006039,-0.002169,-0.001078
Akbari2026:I45950_Iberia_Catalonia_Roman_Empire_Empuries_50BCE_250CE,0.091058,0.150298,-0.012068,-0.06137,0.024312,-0.026774,-0.006815,-0.002077,0.017998,0.031709,0.00682,0.001349,-0.009366,-0.007569,-0.003122,0.009812,0.019558,0.000887,-0.003771,0.00025,-0.009109,-0.001855,-0.003451,0.006025,0.000359
Akbari2026:I47353_Hungary_Early_Medieval_Carolingian_Period_700_900CE,0.129758,0.133034,0.052043,0.042313,0.039084,0.01757,0.010105,0.011538,0.00859,-0.004738,-0.006496,-0.005995,0.013974,0.017203,-0.008958,-0.009679,-0.009388,0.000127,0.004777,0,-0.005241,-0.003339,0.010476,-0.011688,-0.00467
Akbari2026:S47899_Austria_Early_Medieval_Avar_Period_600_800CE,0.121791,0.140143,0.018102,-0.019057,0.028621,-0.008925,-0.000705,-0.000692,0.005318,0.014032,0.00341,0.007943,-0.013528,-0.001514,-0.00665,-0.010475,-0.007302,0.00038,0.007542,-0.006628,0.002995,0.010263,0.000616,0.006507,0.005029
Akbari2026:I38893_Ukraine_EIA_ThracoCimmerian_Thracian_Hallstatt_Kartal_900_500BCE,0.126344,0.147252,0.021119,-0.031654,0.032314,-0.016455,-0.006345,-0.000692,0.009204,0.032985,-0.002761,0.008542,-0.009217,-0.004542,-0.011265,0.008884,0.02712,0.0019,0.006662,-0.005628,-0.005116,0.001113,0.001725,-0.003976,-0.007185
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