M406 Frequency

2012 - Ancient Migratory Events in the Middle East: New Clues from the Y-Chromosome Variation of Modern Iranians

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3399854/?fbclid=IwAR1fYQVYKLr2QbKz90IXdcic9kguvSlOiF9A0F2R8CXRC8AJADP0TtVsF2M

The study acknowledges the diversity of Iran listing major ethnic groups as Arab-speakers, Armenians, Assyrians, Azeris, Baluchis, Caspian peoples (Gilaks and Mazandaran), Kurds, Lurs, Persians, Turkman, and Zoroastrians. The study identified, "65 different Y-chromosome lineages. They belong to 15 main haplogroups (B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, L, N, O, Q, R and T) the most frequent of which are J (31.4%), R (29.1%), G (11.8%) and E (9.2%), with great differences (disregarding those relative to samples smaller than 20 subjects) in frequencies and sub-haplogroups observed among provinces and ethnic groups." Unfortunately STR's are not provided for each sample, so no futher potential sub-haplogroup analysis can be done at the STR level.

Study Statistics
Study database: 938 unrelated males from 14 Iranian provinces and belonging to 15 different ethnic groups. This determination was based on a limited set (84) SNPs as well as analysis of 10 Y-STR loci: DYS19, DYS388, DYS389I/II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS439, DYS460, YCAIIb/YCAIIa.

Study-wide: 7 out of 938 (0.74%) G-M406*

Statistics By Province

West Azerbaijani: 102
- - Assyrians: 39
  - Azeris: 63
Fars: 44 (2.3% M406*)
- - Persian: 44 (1 G-M406* - 2.3 %)
Gilan: 64
- - Gilaks: 64
Golestan: 68 (1.4% M406*)
- - Turkmen: 68 (1 G-M406* - 1.4 %)
Hormozgan: 192 (0.5% M406*)
- - Bandari: 131 (1 G-M406* - 0.8 %)
  - Qeshmi: 49
  - Afro-Iranians: 12
Ishafan: 11
- - Persians: 11
Khorasan: 59 (1.7% M406*)
- - Persians: 59 (1 G-M406* - 1.7 %)
Khuzestan: 57 (1.8% M406*)
- - Arabs: 57 (1 G-M406* - 1.8 %)
Kurdistan: 59
- - Kurds: 59
Lorestan: 50
- - Lurs: 50
Mazandaran: 72
- - Mazandarani: 72
Sistan Baluchestan: 24
- - Baluchs: 24
Tehran: 56
- - Armenian: 34
  - Assyrian: 9
  - Zoroastrians: 13
Yazd: 80 (2.5% M406*)
- - Persians: 46 (2 G-M406* - 4.3 %)
  - Zoroastrians: 34

Statistics By Ethnicity

Afro-Iranians: 0 out of 12 G-M406*
Arabs: 1 out of 57 (1.8 %) G-M406*
Armenian: 0 out of 34 G-M406*
Assyrians: 0 out of 48 G-M406*
Azeris: 0 out of 63 G-M406*
Baluchs: 0 out of 24 G-M406*
Bandari: 1 out of 131 (0.8 %) G-M406*
Gilaks: 0 out of 64 G-M406*
Kurds: 0 out of 59 G-M406*
Lurs: 0 out of 50 G-M406*
Mazandarani: 0 out of 72 G-M406*
Persians: 4 out of 160 (2.5 %) G-M406*
Qeshmi: 0 out of 49 G-M406*
Turkmen: 1 out of 68 (1.4 %) G-M406*
Zoroastrians: 0 out of 47 G-M406*

Estimated Ethnic Statistics

2012 Population of Iran (Worldbank): 77,324,000
Iranian Male Estimates: 38,662,000
Arabs 2% of the population or 13,918 men.
- - Arabs: 1.8% G-M406* or Abt. 5,375 men
Bandari are considered Persian in most ethnic statistics.
Persian 61% of the population or 23583820 men.
- - Persians (+ Bandari) 5 of 291: 1.7% G-M406* or Abt. 424,494 men
  - *other enthnic groups in the study may also be lumped into the 61% Persian estimate by the CIA World Factbook so the 424,494 estimate may be lower in reality.
Turkmen 2% of the population or 773,240 men.
- - Turkmen: 1.8% G-M406* or Abt. 5,375 men

2023 - Genetic Analysis of Mingrelians Reveals Long-Term Continuity of Populations in Western Georgia (Caucasus)

https://academic.oup.com/gbe/article/15/11/evad198/7341981

"From a Y-chromosome standpoint, Mingrelians possessed a variety of haplogroups, including E1b1b, G2a, I2, J1, J2, L, Q, R1a, and R1b. Analysis of autosomal SNP data further revealed that Mingrelians are genetically homogeneous and cluster with other modern-day South Caucasus populations. When compared with ancient DNA samples from Bronze Age archaeological contexts in the broader region, these data indicate that the Mingrelian gene pool began taking its current form at least by this period, probably in conjunction with the formation of a distinct linguistic community."

Study Statistics
Study database: 372 men.
G-M406*: 8 men or 2.15%
Seven of the men listed as G-M406 were also determined by STR analysis to be FGC5081 by the study. However, a limited dataset of 17 markers is not enough to definitively rule out these samples as being M3302 or another sub-clade of G-M406.

Statistics By Locality
Jvari (population 763 people): 1 G-M406* out of 25 males.
Khobi (2104 population 4,242 people): 1 G-M406* out of 15 males.
Martvili (2104 population 4,405 people): 1 G-M406* out of 28 males.
Norio (2104 population 3,756 people): 2 G-M406* out of 3 males.
Poti (2104 population 41,450 people): 1 G-M406*out of 8 males.
Senaki (2104 population 17,053 people): 1 G-M406*out of 17 males.
Zugdidi (2104 population 41,332 people): 1 G-M406*out of 46 males.

Estimated Mingrelian Population in Georgia
Population: Abt. 500,000 people.
Mingrelian Male Estimates: Abt. 250,000 men.
G-M406*: Abt. 5,375 men

2023 - Y-Chromosome Genetic Analysis of Modern Polish Population

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2020.567309/full

"The study presents a full analysis of the Y-chromosome variability of the modern male Polish population. It is the first study of the Polish population to be conducted with such a large set of data (2,705 individuals), which includes genetic information from inhabitants of all voivodeships, i.e., the first administrative level, in the country and the vast majority of its counties, i.e., the second level. In addition, the available data were divided into clusters corresponding to more natural geographic regions"

Study Statistics
Study database: 2,705 individuals.
G-M406>L14: 2 individuals or .074%
G-P15 (G2a) Unrefined: 23 individuals or .8%

Estimated Population in Poland
2021 Polish Population: Abt. 37,750,000 people.
2021 Polish Male Estimates: Abt. 18,875,000 men.
G-M406>L14: Abt. 13,956 men
G-P15 (G2a) Unrefined: Abt. 151,000 men

2021 - The Genetic Structure of the Turkish Population

773 Turkish Whole Genome Sequences were taken from the current population. 445 of the samples were of males.
The data was processed by a combined effort from the TurkishDnaProject.

The data contained 5 G-M406 Samples which was about 1.28%. Four of the five samples were G-M406>G-FGC5089 (1%). Of those four FGC5089 samples, one was G-M3302 (.26%).

Unfortunately, the study has not yet given the ethnic or regional identity of the individuals for further relevance. However, if we extrapolated this data for the entire population of Turkey (82 million - 41 million males) this would indicate roughly:

537,000 G-M406 in Turkey
420,000 G-M406>G-FGC5089 in Turkey
109,000 G-M406>G-FGC5089>G-M3302 in Turkey

Analysis of Turkish Population: Click Here for Full Results
Ethnicity Predictions of Samples: Click Here for Full Results

SRS8752431: G-FGC5089>G-M3302>G-M3422>M3230>Y138065+
Likely Ethnicity: Turk - Eastern Black Sea (Possibly Armenian)
Gedmatch# YE5314079

SRS8752337: G-PF3293>> G-Y82047+
Likely Ethnicity: Anatolian Turk (West of Trabzon)
Gedmatch# QR6461042

SRS8752830: G-FGC5089>G-FGC5081> G-L645+
Likely Ethnicity: Mixed (regionally or ethnically) -
Gedmatch# PS9147050
*closest autosomal relative on Gedmatch born in Istanbul)

SRS8752790: G-FGC5089>G-FGC5081>G-L645>> G-Y134776+
Likely Ethnicity: Eastern Black Sea Region (Caucasus region)
Gedmatch# WF3423938

SRS8752789: G-FGC5089>G-FGC5081>G-L645>> G-Y134776+
Likely Ethnicity: Anatolian Turk (West of Trabzon)
Gedmatch# NB1571115

M406 Project Member Data

M406 Project By Region (6/1/21)

M406 Project by Country (6/1/21)

M406 Project Eurasia (6/1/21)

M406 Project Eastern
Med & Black Sea (6/1/21)

FREQUENCY MAPS

2012 Rootsi G-M406 Frequency

2017 Eupedia G-406 Frequency

M406 Data Compiled by T. Paradine

Note "The coming of the Greeks to Provence and Corsica: Y-chromosome models of archaic Greek colonization of the western Mediterranean" which proposed E-V13 as a marker from Greek Colonists. I figured then, if M406 was ALSO potentially a Western Anatolian Greek marker - there would be comparable ratios in areas settled by the Ionians/Aeolians. The data is interesting for sure.

Rootsi 2012 G-M406 Frequency

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