Step 2: Short-term Memory

Step 2: Short Term Memory

Processing Information

The short-term memory is a processing stage where information is either discarded and forgotten or encoded for transfer (consolidation) into long-term memory. The consolidation is dependent on time and involves the development of more frequent and more efficient neural networks (Presont, 2007; Zadina, 2014).

Parts of the Brain

Short-term (working) Memory: Approximately 7 bits of information can be held in STM for short periods of time (20 - 30 seconds) with the help of the frontal lobe and the hippocampus (part of the limbic system)

STM Barriers

Barriers to STM processing include anxiety, depression, grief, stress, medications, drugs, fatigue, sleep illness, and cognitive limits (Heerema, 2020).

Short-term memory involves active learning to encode information and enable consolidation to long-term memory.

Strategies include:

Chunking Information (includes Mnemonics): Video: Chunking: Learning Technique for Better Memory and Understanding

The RIP Toolbox

R - Repetition/Rehearsal/Practice-Practice-Practice Video: Repeat to Remember

I - Imagery/Visual Organizers/List Making/

P - Patterns/Use Movement- Motor Memory & Sounds - Auditory Methods)

Neuroscience Resource: Science of Learning Resources – Videos, Podcasts & Fact Sheets - see #4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12

Build in active learning and include repetition and rehearsing by providing gamification.

Here are some e-learning tools that can be used for more shallow STM development (Level 1) and continuing towards deeper conceptual, strategic, and extending thinking Levels 2- 4) Webb’s Depth of Knowledge and Web 2.0

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