References 

References 

Adam, C. A. (2025, February 10). STEM, STEAM, or STREAM? What is the Difference? — Carly and Adam. Carly and Adam. https://carlyandadam.com/thecarlyandadam/stem-steam-or-stream-what-is-the-difference

AERO. (n.d.). A guide for educators, teachers and service leaders. https://www.edresearch.edu.au/sites/default/files/2023-06/learning-trajectory-language-communication.pdf

Australian Government Department of Education. (2022). Belonging, being and becoming: The Early Years Learning Framework for Australia (Version 2.0). Australian Government Department of Education for the Ministerial Council. https://www.acecqa.gov.au/sites/default/files/2023-01/EYLF-2022-V2.0.pdf

Aussie Childcare Network Team. (2022, December 9). Numeracy Activities for children in Early Childhood - Aussie Childcare Network. https://aussiechildcarenetwork.com.au/articles/teaching-children/numeracy-activities-for-children-in-early-childhood

Bell, S., & Bell, S. (2025, March 3). 50 Nursery Rhymes Songs + All the best Nursery Rhymes Lyrics. Singing Bell. https://www.singing-bell.com/nursery-rhymes-lyrics/

Butler, D., Giblin, F., Kingston, M., & Institute of Education, Dublin City University. (2022). Numeracy and Digital learning: Use of digital technologies as tools for numeracy development. Department of Education (Ireland). https://doras.dcu.ie/28961/1/Butler%2CD.%2CGiblin%2CF.%2C%26Kingston%2CM.%282022%29..pdf

Constructivism in visual arts classes. (2020). CEPS Journal, 10(4), [page range]. https://doi.org/10.26529/cepsj.913

Couñago, A. (2022, December 27). 12 Quotes from Lev Vygotsky About Childhood. You Are Mom. https://youaremom.com/health/psychology/childhood-psychology/quotes-lev-vygotsky/#google_vignette

Crafty Dude. (2019, May 1). DIY bubbles made from dishwashing liquid | *Without glycerin* [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XCgXneB7zY8

David, P. (2025, February 25). 171 top dance quotes (with explanation). Life Success Journal. https://lifesuccessjournal.com/dance-quotes/

DEEWR, ACECQA, & Gowrie Victoria. (2012). NQS PLP e-Newsletter: Nurturing creativity. NQS PLP e-Newsletter(44). [If applicable, include publisher]. https://kts.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/CHCECE018-NQS_PLP_E-Newsletter_No44.pdf

Durham PreK. (n.d.). Learn about STEMIE: Inclusive early STEM education for all young children. Durham PreK. https://www.durhamprek.org/learn-about-stemie-inclusive-early-stem-education-for-all-young-children/

Howard, R., & Mayesky, M. (2022). Creative activities and curriculum for young children. Cengage. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ikoninstituteau/detail.action?docID=7041560

Inventor 101. (2024, May 5). How to make Automatic water Fountain Without Electricity | Non-stop water Fountain | Science Project [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7iSNKGNWTow

Isbell, R., & Yoshizawa, S. A. (2016). Nurturing creativity: An essential mindset for young children's learning. National Association for the Education of Young Children. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ikoninstituteau/detail.action?docID=6028873

Lorina. (2015, September 30). Open ended play materials - Aussie Childcare Network. https://aussiechildcarenetwork.com.au/articles/teaching-children/open-ended-play-materials

MacDonald, A. (2019). Mathematics in early childhood education ebook. Oxford University Press Australia & New Zealand. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ikoninstituteau/detail.action?docID=6512718

Michelle. (2024, October 24). 45 of the Best STEM Activities for Toddlers and Preschoolers. Taming Little Monsters. https://taminglittlemonsters.com/the-best-stem-experiments-for-toddlers/

National Association for the Education of Young Children & Fred Rogers Center for Early Learning and Children’s Media at Saint Vincent College. (2012). Infants and toddlers. https://www.naeyc.org/sites/default/files/globally-shared/downloads/PDFs/resources/topics/PS_technology_Examples.pdf

Parker, C. (2023, May 10). Spider Web construction with Straws and Playdough. Rainy Day Mum. https://rainydaymum.co.uk/spider-web-construction-straws-playdough-playfulpreschool/#sthash.4G7WzkHL.dpbs

Råde, A. (2021). Theories supporting the use of puppets as a pedagogical tool with young children. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 9(7), 1359–1368. https://www.hrpub.org/download/20210630/UJER2-19523433.pdf

Riley, S. (2023, August 1). Engineering games for kids. Educational App Store. https://www.educationalappstore.com/best-apps/best-engineering-games-for-kids

Ryan’s World. (2019, September 14). Walking water science experiments for kids!!! [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hGwG--GZEfw

SciShow Kids. (2017, February 7). How high can you stack? | Engineering for kids [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eR2OR3coiX4

Simply Psychology. (2024, August 5). Piaget’s Stages: 4 Stages of Cognitive Development & Theory. https://www.simplypsychology.org/piaget.html#Piagets-Theory

Simply Psychology. (2025, March 18). Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory Of Cognitive Development. https://www.simplypsychology.org/vygotsky.html

Stone-MacDonald, A. K., Wendell, K. B., Douglass, A., & Love, M. L. (2015). Engaging young engineers: Teaching problem solving skills through STEM. Brookes Publishing. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ikoninstituteau/detail.action?docID=4000496

Torgerson, S. (2022, August 8). Puppet show – Kinderberry Hill. Kinderberry Hill. https://www.kinderberryhill.com/puppet-show/

A-Z Quotes. (n.d.). Top 25 quotes by Jean Piaget. Retrieved April 1, 2025, from https://www.azquotes.com/author/11635-Jean_Piage

References for Resources

Asset Media. (n.d.). Open access resources. Drama Victoria. https://www.dramavictoria.vic.edu.au/resources/curriculum/open-access-resources/

Community Child Care Victoria. (2011). Early Literacy and Numeracy Self-Guided Learning Package. https://acecqa.gov.au/sites/default/files/2021-01/EarlyLiteracyAndNumeracy.PDF

Danby, S. H. & S. (2024, February 2). Integrating digital technologies into ECEC programs - Digital Child. Digital Child. https://digitalchild.org.au/integrating-digital-technologies-into-ecec-programs/

Education. (n.d.). Teaching practices and supports. https://www.education.vic.gov.au/school/teachers/teachingresources/discipline/maths/Pages/teaching-practices-and-supports.aspx

Fleer, M., Raban, B., Monash University, The University of Melbourne, Early Childhood Australia, & Curriculum Corporation. (2007). Early Childhood Literacy and Numeracy: Building Good Practice. https://www.dss.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/05_2015/ed13-0077_ec_literacy_and_numeracy_building_good_practice_resources_booklet_acc.pdf

Growing in STEM. The Design Process: Engineering Practices in. (n.d.). NAEYC. https://www.naeyc.org/resources/pubs/yc/sep2018/design-process-engineering-preschool

Highfield, K., Early Childhood Australia, & Jenny Lynch. (2021). Early Childhood Activities: Inspiring ideas for National Science Week. https://www.scienceweek.net.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Science_Week_Early_Childhood_ideas_WEB.pdf

Larrikin Puppets. (2024, March 15). Puppet craft and drama: Simple puppetry for kids. Larrikin Puppets. https://www.larrikinpuppets.com.au/puppet-craft-and-drama-hass-for-kids/

Promoting children’s science learning one step at a time. (n.d.). NAEYC. https://www.naeyc.org/resources/blog/promoting-childrens-science-learning

Sue. (2023, February 19). 40+ music and movement activities for toddlers and preschoolers. The Montessori-Minded Mom. https://reachformontessori.com/music-and-movement-activities/

Reference for the activity songs

Dayan Kahandawala Academy of Dance. (2020, September 9). Sara Ketha - සාර කෙත - Sri Lankan - Creative Folk Dance - Dayan Kahandawala Academy of Dance [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UwCE-WVTuz4

DreamBelieveDance. (2021, November 3). Diwali Dance|Diwali Kids Dance|Deepavali Dance|दीपावली डांस|Deepawali Dance| Chogada | Loveyatri [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9YYtTl9cxI

Super Simple Songs - Kids Songs. (2020, August 6). Move! | Dance Song for Kids | Super Simple Songs [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VsgpUHUYuJI

References for images

Art2Arts. (2022, May 30). Get ready for summer with fresh new artwork. Online Magazine. https://art2arts.co.uk/magazine/get-ready-for-summer-with-fresh-new-artwork/

Arora, M. (2024, July 17). Top 30 role play activities for children. FirstCry Parenting. https://parenting.firstcry.com/articles/20-best-role-play-ideas-for-kids/

A, Z. (2015, August 30). LEGO Building Challenge for Kids: Brain Puzzles - Frugal Fun For Boys and Girls. Pinterest. https://au.pinterest.com/pin/507429082993503966/

Adams County Library. (n.d.). Music and Movement. https://www.adamslibrary.org/event/music-and-movement-5

Alamy Images. (n.d.). Illustration of Stickman kids passing the ball to another playing to take turns, social skills. https://www.alamy.com/illustration-of-stickman-kids-passing-the-ball-to-another-playing-to-take-turns-social-skills-image376363256.html

Alamy. (n.d.). Lawn asia hi-res stock photography and images. https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/lawn-asia.html?sortBy=relevant

Alanna. (2025, February 14). 11 Music and Movement Activities for Infants and Toddlers - Play. Learn. Thrive. https://playlearnthrive.com/music-movement-activities-infants-toddlers/

Amylu. (2020, May 18). Over 100 Easy Kids Activities That are Surprisingly Fun. Making Motherhood Matter. https://www.makingmotherhoodmatter.com/kids-activities/

Ascione, L. (2024, January 4). 6 engaging digital learning tools. eSchool News. https://www.eschoolnews.com/teaching-and-learning/2020/10/16/6-engaging-digital-learning-tools/

Betty. (2021, February 20). Rainbow Walking Water Experiment | MomBrite. https://www.mombrite.com/walking-water-experiment/

Benedict, T. (2015, March 1). Paper finger puppet dolls for storytelling. Big Hearted Education. Pinterest. https://au.pinterest.com/pin/87116574016165226/

Children, O. T. H. (2025, March 4). What is pretend play and why is it important for children? Occupational Therapy Helping Children. https://occupationaltherapy.com.au/what-is-pretend-play/

Catherine, M. (2023, June 30). Snack math for preschoolers that’s easy, fun, and engaging - Fun-A-Day!. https://fun-a-day.com/snack-math-for-preschoolers/

Chaaya Prabhat. (n.d.). The Culture of Clothes (Picture Book). https://chaayaprabhat.com/the-culture-of-clothes-picture-book

Cherry, M. (2014, October 24). Marshmallow and Toothpick Spider web - Meri Cherry. https://mericherry.com/2014/10/24/marshmallow-toothpick-spider-web/

Cfa, S. W. (2018, September 12). Index-card approach to writing - Susan Weiner Investment Writing. https://www.investmentwriting.com/index-card-approach-writing/

Collegiate Checklist. (2020, April 29). The best academic resources and tools for college students. https://collegiatechecklist.com/resources/course-help-and-study-tools/

Crazy Asadul. (2023, November 27). How To Make Automatic Water Fountain | Non Stop Water Fountain | Science Project #crazyasadul [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5YxZ2UDaK5Y

Defalco, D. (2016, September 20). Language Activities. Pinterest. https://au.pinterest.com/pin/443041682076094770/

Devendra, & Devendra. (2023, June 14). 5 Engineering Resources that Engineering Students Should Know About. STEMpedia. https://thestempedia.com/blog/engineering-tools-and-resources-for-engineering-students/

Educatall. (2018, April 1). Blocks. https://www.educatall.com/page/1379/Blocks.html

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Free math puzzles — Mashup Math. (n.d.). Mashup Math. https://www.mashupmath.com/freemathpuzzles/

Fun Learning. (2024, November 14). Super Magnet Lab - Fun Learning. https://www.funlearning.co.uk/toys/learning-resources-super-magnet-lab/

Hand, J. (2019, June 28). Design your own flag. Preschool STEAM. https://preschoolsteam.com/design-flag-stem-activity-preschoolers/

Handley, S. (2024, March 14). Best sensory toys for babies from birth to 6 months 2025: 42 toys to help little ones discover the world around them. GoodTo. https://www.goodto.com/family/best-sensory-toys-babies-toddlers-help-development-547662

HaniSuwaryo. (n.d.). Empresario De Vector Con Tecnología De Comunicaciones Moderna PNG y Dibujo. Pngtree. https://es.pngtree.com/freepng/vector-businessman-with-modern-communications-technology_5292587.html

Headlinez News. (2025, March 19). Home - Headlinez News. https://www.headlinez.news/

Hyde, M. (2016, February 15). Big Scribbling Art for Toddlers. Pinterest. https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/big-scribbling-art-for-toddlers--408068416300162885/

Jaymi, S. (2021, February 12). Solo Cup Stacking Engineering Challenge for preschoolers. The Salty Mamas. https://thesaltymamas.com/solo-cup-engineering-challenge-preschoolers/

Jeffory-Nelson, D. (2012, January 20). Vintage Button Guide: Ways to Identify Antique Buttons. Pinterest. https://au.pinterest.com/pin/548665167104776322/

Jen, & Jen. (2020, July 3). Everything you need to know about schemas: the patterns of play. Mama’s Got This. https://mamahasgotthis.com/2020/07/everything-you-need-to-know-about-schemas-the-patterns-of-play/

Johnson, L., & Johnson, L. (2023b, April 24). The amazing benefits of puppet play for children. Promotional Props & Costumes. https://promotionalpropsandcostumes.co.uk/the-amazing-benefits-of-puppet-play-for-children

Kantam, A. (2023, February 23). Clay modelling for kids: How can kids learn and grow when you introduce clay craft. The Real School. https://therealschool.in/blog/clay-modelling-craft-ideas-kids/

Karen. (2019, December 16). 17 sensory bag fillers to entertain babies & toddlers 2025. Entertain Your Toddler. https://entertainyourtoddler.com/entertain-with-sensory-bags/

KidsBaron.com. (2022, October 19). Baby plush animal finger hand puppets - 10 pcs/lot. KidsBaron. https://kidsbaron.com/product/baby-plush-animal-finger-hand-puppets

Kelly. (2023, September 23). Fizzy art - baking soda paint - typically simple. Typically Simple. https://typicallysimple.com/fizzy-art-baking-soda-paint/

KiLTS, T. (2021, March 31). Best building blocks for toddlers and babies. Kids Love This Stuff! https://kidslovethisstuff.com/building-blocks-for-toddlers-and-babies/

Krajewski, S. (2023, March 27). 5 awesome art materials that will blow your mind. The Art of Education University. https://theartofeducation.edu/2020/07/july-5-awesome-art-materials-youve-gotta-try/

Lazazzera, R. (2024, August 21). How to sell digital products online: Digital products vs. physical products. A Better Lemonade Stand. https://www.abetterlemonadestand.com/digital-products/

LeVos, J. S. (2024, January 26). 7 Fun and easy math activities for preschoolers. Begin Learning. https://www.beginlearning.com/parent-resources/math-activities-for-preschoolers/

Limited, A. (n.d.). Illustration of Stickman kids passing the ball to another playing to take turns, social skills. Alamy. https://www.alamy.com/image376363256.html

Lovevery, & Lovevery, T. (2020, May 19). Why black and white is so riveting to your newborn. Lovevery. https://blog.lovevery.com/child-development/why-black-and-white-is-so-riveting-to-your-newborn/

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Rawle, E. (2022, October 28). Make and talk activity for children: Straw Rockets. Winston’s Wish. https://winstonswish.org/make-and-talk-activity-for-children-straw-rockets/

Rosas, K. (2012, June 26). Wordless Wednesday: The Kids on the Block do the Bunny Hop. Dirty Diaper Laundry. https://dirtydiaperlaundry.com/wordless-wednesday-the-kids-on-the-block-do-the-bunny-hop/

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Sara. (2019, July 11). Easy Bird Feeders to Make with Kids. RUN WILD MY CHILD. https://runwildmychild.com/easy-bird-feeders-kids/

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Torgerson, S. (2022, August 8). Puppet show – Kinderberry Hill. Kinderberry Hill. https://www.kinderberryhill.com/puppet-show/

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