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March, 31st
Topic: Car History.
Task 1. Read and translate the magazine article. Extract new words and expressions from the text and copy out them into your copy-books. Check with the dictionary.
Task 2. Answer the questions.
Task 3. Write a short report about the history of your favourite car.
November, 11th
Topic: The Internal Combustion Engine.
Task 1. Read and translate the text. Pay attention to the words in bold.
The Internal Combustion Engine
The principle of the internal combustion engine has not changed in the last 100 years.
The engine takes in fuel and air which is compressed in a combustion chamber. Then this mixture is ignited by a spark plug to produce an explosion, which moves the piston in the cylinder. The up and down motion of the piston in the cylinder is converted into rotational motion by the crankshaft. The rotational force generated by the engine is known as torque.
The size of the engine determines the power. The more cylinders there are, the more powerful the engine. This power is transmitted through the clutch, the gearbox, the propeller shaft (in rear-wheel and four-wheel drive), and the axles to the wheels. The position of the engine can vary, but generally speaking it is mounted at the front. In some sports cars, the engine is mounted at the rear (e.g. Porsche) or in the middle (e.g. Ferrari or Lamborghini) because of weight distribution.
Task 2. Match the English words and expressions on the left (1-20) with their translation on the right (a-t).
1) internal combustion engine
2) fuel
3) combustion chamber
4) spark plug
5) piston
6) cylinder
7) rotational motion
8) crankshaft
9) rotational force
10) torque
11) size
12) power
13) clutch
14) gearbox
15) propeller shaft
16) rear-wheel drive
17) four-wheel drive
18) front-wheel drive
19) axles
20) wheels
a) свічка запалення
b) карданний вал
c) колінчатий вал
d) коробка передач
e) обертальний рух
f) обертальна сила
g) двигун внутрішнього згорання
h) камера згорання
i) крутний момент
j) поршень
k) циліндр
l) зчеплення
m) пальне
n) колеса
o) півосі
p) потужність
q) розмір
r) повнопривідний
s) передньопривідний
t) задньопривідний
March, 25th
Theme: Check your skills. Reading.
Завдання 1. Прочитайте текст. До кожного з абзаців тексту (1-5) доберіть речення (A – H), яке відповідає змісту даного абзацу. Три речення є зайвими.
The Best in Cars — the Model T and the SJ
(1) __________
When cars first started appearing in the streets of the world, few people took them seriously. They were toys — playthings for grown men who didn’t have much to do. No one thought that the automobile would ever become the world’s most popular form of transportation.
(2) __________
When Henry Ford started selling his Model T in 1908, he changed all that. Ford believed that a car should be low-cost transportation that everyone could afford. So, he decided to make such a car. First, he wanted a dependable automobile that wouldn’t break down easily. Then he wanted a simple engine that almost anyone could fix.
(3) __________
Ford wanted to sell the car for a low price, so he had to make it at a low cost. So, he made only one model and he made it in only one colour — black.
(4) __________
In 1932, the Duesenberg brothers produced a car that many people think is the most luxurious automobile ever made — the Duesenberg SJ. Every Duesenberg was custom-made, so each one was different. But it usually weighed about 7000 pounds and had a very wide wheelbase — 150 inches. It also had an enormous 400 horsepower engine that could move the huge car from zero to 100 miles per hour in 17 seconds.
(5) __________
The interior was as luxurious as the motor was big. It had the finest silk, leather, silver and wood. An SJ was definitely expensive, but rich people often felt they had to own one. Unfortunately, the car cost so much to produce that the company lost money. In 1937, after making only 500 of them, the Duesenbergs stopped production of the SJ forever.
A The appearance of the first cars in the streets; many people took them seriously.
B Automobile became the world’s most popular form of transportation.
C The only one car for a low price and only in black colour.
D The most luxurious automobile ever made.
E Model T by H. Ford, the car that everyone could afford.
F The company stopped production of the SJ forever because of high cost for them.
G H.Ford wanted his car to be definitely expensive, only for rich people.
H Every Duesenberg’s car was at a low cost.
Завдання 2. Прочитайте статтю про засновників компанії Rolls-Royce. Виконайте завдання на розуміння змісту статті (True / False).
The Success Story
Henry Royce and Charles Rolls were the founders of the famous British motor company – Rolls-Royce.
Henry Royce was born in 1863 in Peterborough. Charles Rolls was born in London in 1877. Royce was the son of a miller, and Rolls was the son of aristocrat.
Royce began to work at the age of ten. He sold newspapers for a few months, then got a job as an apprentice engineer with GNR, one of the railway companies in Britain. A few years later he moved to London and worked for an electric company. In 1884 he was made redundant and he founded his own company. Henry Royce sold dynamos and other electric devices to factories and cotton mills. He became rich and bought his first car. It didn’t work well so Royce decided to produce cars himself.
At the same time Charles Rolls was a student at Cambridge University. In the 1890s he went to France and bought his first car, a Peugeot. In 1902 he started his own company selling cars. At the time he was a champion driver and the following year he set a new world speed record. Rolls loved cars but he really wanted to have his own name on a car and in 1904 he met Henry Royce. They agreed to set up the Rolls-Royce company. Two years later the company produced the Silver Ghost. The same year Rolls crossed the English Channel by hot air balloon. He loved speed. Unfortunately, four years later he died in a flying accident. Royce continued producing cars. In 1931 Rolls-Royce acquired another company, Bentley. Royce died in 1933 at the age of seventy.
1.Royce was older than Rolls. ______________
2.Rolls and Royce were students together at Cambridge. ______________
3.Royce set a world record in 1903. _____________
4.Rolls died before Royce. ______________
5.Rolls Royce was bought by Bentley. ______________
Theme: English-Speaking Countries. The UK. / Англомовні країни. Сполучене Королівство.
Task 1. Read and translate the text / Прочитайте та перекладіть текст
THE UK
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and about five thousand small islands. Their total area is over 244,000 square kilometres.
The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Cardiff, Edinburgh and Belfast. Great Britain consists of England, Scotland and Wales and does not include Northern Ireland. But in everyday speech «Great Britain» is used to mean the United Kingdom. The capital of the UK is London.
The British Isles are separated from the European continent by the North Sea and the English Channel. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea.
The surface of the British Isles varies very much. The north of Scotland is mountainous and is called the Highlands, while the south, which has beautiful valleys and plains, is called the Lowlands. The north and west of England are mountainous, but all the rest — east, centre and south-east — is a vast plain. Mountains are not very high. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain (1343 m).
There are a lot of rivers in Great Britain, but they are not very long. The Severn is the longest river, while the Thames is the deepest and the most important one.
The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of Gulf Stream influence the climate of the British Isles. It is mild the whole year round.
The UK is not a large country but its population is over 63 million.
The UK is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the world's largest producers and exporters of machinery, electronics, textile, aircraft and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding.
The UK is a constitutional (parliamentary) monarchy. The head of the state is the Queen. In fact, the Queen reigns, but does not rule. The country is ruled by the government with the Prime Minister at the head.
The British Parliament consists of two houses: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. There are three main political parties in Great Britain: the Labour, the Conservative and the Liberal parties.
Task 2. Complete the sentences about the UK. Write them into your copybooks. / Доповніть речення про Сполучене Королівство. Запишіть речення у зошит.
1. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the ....
2. The total area of the country is over ..... sq km.
3. The population is over ... mln.
4. The United Kingdom is washed by the .... Sea, the .... Ocean, the ... Sea and the .... Channel.
5. The UK consists of four countries :...., ...., ... and ...... Their capitals are ...., ...., .... and .....
6. .... is the capital of the UK.
7. The largest cities are: L..., B..., G..., B... and L....
8. .... and .... are university towns.
9. .... in Scotland is the highest mountain (1343 m).
10. The .... is the longest river, while the .... is the deepest and the most important one.
11. The climate of the British Isles is .....
12. The UK is a ...... monarchy.
13. The head of the state is the .....
14. The head of the government is the .....
15. The British Parliament consists of two houses: the House of .... and the House of .....
Theme: Ukraine and the UK
Task 1. Write down the key-facts about the UK / Запишіть ключові факти про Сполучене Королівство
Task 2. Read and translate the text / Прочитайте та перекладіть текст
Ukraine
Ukraine is a state in South-Eastern part of Europe. Its total area is 603,700 sq km. The population is about 37 mln people. Ukraine borders on Poland, Slovakia, Hungary in the west and on Romania and Moldova in the southwest. In the north Ukraine borders on Belarus and in the east it borders on Russia. Ukraine is washed by the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov.
The largest cities of Ukraine are: Kyiv, Kharkiv, Dnipro, Odesa, Lviv and others. Kyiv is the capital of Ukraine.
There are many forests, rivers and lakes in our country. The main rivers are: the Dnieper, the Dnister, the Bug and the Donets. The largest lake of Ukraine is Switiaz.
Ukraine has a moderate continental climate.
Ukraine is rich in many mineral resources: coal, iron, oil, manganese ore, nickel, gas, graphite, marble and others.
Ukraine is a unitary sovereign independent state. It proclaimed its independence on the 24th of August, 1991. Ukraine is a semi-presidential republic. The head of the state is the President. The head of the government is the Prime Minister. The Ukrainian Parliament is called Verkhovna Rada.
Ukraine is also one of the founding members of the UNO (United Nation Organization).
Task 3. Write down the key-facts about Ukraine / Запишіть ключові факти про Україну
Theme: London
Task 1. Read and translate the text
London
London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic and commercial centre. It is one of the largest cities in the world and the largest city in Europe. Its population is over nine million people. London is also a big port because it stands on the river Thames.
London is an ancient city. It is about two thousand years old. There are a lot of historic buildings and monuments there.
Traditionally London is divided into several parts: the City, Westminster, the West End and the East End. They are very different from each other and seem to belong to different towns and epochs.
The heart of London is the City, its financial and business centre. Numerous banks, offices and firms are situated there, including the Bank of England, the Stock Exchange and the Old Bailey. Few people live here, but over a million people come to the City to work.
Westminster is the historic, the governmental part of London. The Palace of Westminster is commonly known as the Houses of Parliament. It's the seat of the British Government. The Clock Tower of the Houses of Parliament is famous for its big hour bell, known as “Big Ben”.
Buckingham Palace is the official residence of the Queen.
The West End is the richest and the most beautiful part of London. It is the symbol of wealth and luxury. The best hotels, shops, restaurants, clubs and theatres are situated there. Rich people live in the West End.
The East End is the poorest part of London. There are a lot of factories, workshops and docks there. The streets are narrow, the buildings are unimpressive. The East End is mostly populated by workers, dockers and poor people.
Test yourself
Theme: The Places of Interest in London
Watch the video
(the last lesson / останній урок)
Write a composition "Places of Interest in London" (15-20 sentences) in this test form.