This is an article written by Dr. Jo Bolar of Standford University, one of the leading mathematics education researchers in the world. The article explains the research-based dangers of isolated fact memorization and high-pressure testing as strategies for fluency development. She also presents research-based strategies that are productive for building fluency and conceptual understanding.

K-5 standards-based fluency resources compiled by Achieve the Core. Many of these resources are extracted from EngageNY and Illustrative Mathematics. Grade 6 teachers can also benefit by understanding these strategies and applying them to their curriculum.