Addition of Fractions - Ruler Method:
Start at the measurement.
From that measurement move to the right (adding) the number of lines.
Read the new measurement.
1) Start at 20-5/8"
2) Move over 3 lines because it is 3/16".
3) Read the ruler which is now 20-13/16"
1) Start at 19-1/8"
2) Move 5/8 to the right.
3) Read 20-3/4"
Subtraction of Fractions - Ruler Method:
Start at the measurement.
From that measurement move to the left (subtracting) the number of lines.
Read the new measurement.
1) Start at the measurement. 22-1/16"
2) Move 5/16 to the left.
3) Read the ruler at 21-3/4"
1) Start at 19-3/4"
2) Move to the left 7/16"
3) Read 19-5/16"