First Edition of William Shakespeare's Venus and Adonis
First Edition of William Shakespeare's Venus and Adonis
The Goddess Venus and her attempts to seduce the young and beautiful Adonis were analyzed and criticized each class through a variety of activities and discussions. From annotations of Shakespeare's most famous sonnets, discussions of Venus and Adonis' opinions on variety of topics, reading Shakespeare's competitor Christopher Marlowe, and looking to the source by Ovid and original story of Venus and Adonis.
Originally published in 1609, but likely written far earlier (theorized to be around the same time as Venus and Adonis), William Shakespeare's Sonnets 15-18 tells of a beautiful lover and the author's (Shakespeare's perspective) love and admiration.
Sonnet 15 begins the story of the author and lover by immediately admitting that nothing lasts forever, including the lover's beauty:
"When I consider everything that grows
Holds in perfection but a little moment," (15.1-2)
The Sonnet continues with the author's distraught over the lover growing old and dying, his beauty with him. In this sonnet, there is a vast amount of growth and decay imagery, connecting back to Venus and Adonis.
In Sonnet 16, the author's fourth wall conversation with the reader shows his internal struggle with never being able to do the lover the justice his beauty deserves. The author, Shakespeare, believes that he could never write something that could capture his image. It is in this sonnet that we begin seeing the pleading of the author to the lover to have a child; which he believes is the only way for the lover's beauty and legend to live on after his death - despite the fact that the child would also grow old. Ironically, the person that these sonnets are dedicated to had four children with his wife...
There is great nature imagery and reproduction analogies in this sonnet:
"bear your living flowers," (16.7)
"maiden gardens," (16.6)
"drawn by your own sweet skill" (16.14)
Sonnet 17 is complete reversal of the author's distraught and thoughts of his work, as the author now believes the lover's image will live on in his work, and that this will last longer than any child the lover may have.
"So should my papers, yellowed with their age," (17.9)
"But were some child of yours alive that time,
You should live twice--in it and in my rhyme" (17.13-14)
In addition, the author talks of trying to remember every detail of the lover before he forgets as the sonnet will hold his memory and image forever.
Finally, in Sonnet 18, perhaps the most famous of Shakespeare's sonnets with the line "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" being one of the most quoted lines from his works, the idea to make the lover have a child is long gone and there is a new arrogant tone as the author speaks of his work and how it, as well as the lover's beauty, will last forever - when the lover will not (18.1).
Sonnet 18
Sonnet 15
Sonnet 16
Sonnet 17
Venus and Adonis (lines 186-204)
Obdurate - stubbornly refusing to change one's opinions or course of action
Used as a comparison to Shakespeare's Sonnets 15-18 in class, this section of Venus and Adonis is a great summary of the entire narrative poem (taking 1,200 lines and condensing it to around 20). In the beginning of this section, Venus claims to Adonis that she would do anything for him,
"I'll sigh celestial breath, [...] /
I'll make a shadow for thee of my hairs;" (189,191)
But then Venus starts going on about how Adonis doesn't have any emotions and that he doesn't like her. Like, duh!
"'Art thou obdurate, flinty, hard as steel?" (199)
This section uses a great amount of nature imagery and analogies (highlighted in orange), with prime examples including "sun," "rain," "fire," and "gentle wind."
Throughout the narrative poem, Venus and Adonis each have sections in which they comment on different themes, including night, death, curses of love, and love.
For this entry, I will be discussing the section that my partner and I focused on in class: Adonis on Lust.
Adonis' speech about lust is directed to Venus and serves as Adonis' chance to let Venus know how he really feels and what he thinks about her. His speech can be summed up in the most powerful line of the section,
"I hate not love, but your device in love," (789)
Adonis does not speak very often in Venus and Adonis, making this line even more impactful. He is being very straight with her and that her pursuing of him is being done in lust, not love, and that he will continue to say "no" to her. Adonis goes so far to say that Venus is abusing his youth and that it is offensive to him that she only wants him in lust, not love.
Adonis on Lust - Lines 787-810
Whiteboard Analysis of Adonis on Lust
Diana (1890) by Frederick W. MacMonnies
Above is a cast bronze statue on display in The Columbus Museum (and one of my personal favorite pieces there)
In addition to Adonis' comments of lust, Venus has a small speech about night. In her speech she mentions "Dian" which is a variety of the name "Diana" (the Roman goddess of the moon, chastity, and modesty). Her allusion to her sister goddess comes in her statement to Adonis:
"so do thy lips
Make modest Dian cloudy and forlorn," (724-725)
She accuses Adonis of being so modest that he makes Diana look promiscuous. I guess saying "no" to Venus makes you more modest than the goddess of virginity...
Venus on Night - Lines 721-726
Whiteboard Analysis of Venus' Curse on Love
Whiteboard Analysis of Venus on Night
Hero laments the dead Leander by Jan van den Hoecke (1637)
Hero with the Body of Leander by Jean-Joseph Taillasson (1798)
Also based on a story in Ovid's Metamorphoses, Christopher Marlowe wrote a poem that retells the myth of Hero and Leander. First published in 1598, five years after Marlowe's death, Hero and Leander is considered to be Marlowe's rival poem to William Shakespeare's Venus and Adonis. The similarities are uncanny between the two narrative poems, with Marlowe's published five years after Venus, such as both being retellings of myths in Ovid's book, and each poem's ending is a direct result of a god or goddess' actions.
In the story, Hero, a priestess of Aphrodite (the Greek equivalent of Venus), and Leander have fallen in love. As Hero lives on a strait, Leander swims to her tower each night, guided by the light of the tower. One night, the light in the tower is not lit and Leander drowns in the sea (also thanks to Neptune). Distraught upon her finding of Leander, Hero drowns herself as well.