As we expand our knowledge of William Shakespeare and the plays that solidified his place in history, we look to Henry V, real life ruler and patriot of England. Through in-depth readings of monologues, looking at the source of the play, and debating the meaning of war we are able to climb into the mind of Shakespeare and Henry V and see the true threat of tennis balls.
Taking the stage at the beginning of each act and the very end of the play, the character of Chorus acts as narrator to the play's plot and themes. With each act, Chorus introduces a preview of what is to happen and acts as a neutral ground for audiences to listen to as the next stage of Henry V's rule is about to be performed.
In Chorus' first appearance before the beginning of Act I, Chorus admits to the audience that the "unworthy scaffold" of a stage (which speaks of the Globe Theatre) requires our "imaginary forces" to work so we may see the events as they had been and not as they appear (Act 1, Prologue). This request to the audience humbles the viewers and the actors as we all must understand it would be almost impossible to have a full army appear on stage.
Derek Jacobi as Chorus in 1989 movie adaption of Henry V
Leslie Banks as Chorus in Henry V (1944)
Oliver Ford Davies as Chorus in London Production of Henry V (2015)
Act 1 Prologue
Act 1 Prologue cont.
Here are two video links that show Derek Jacobi's (top) portrayal of Chorus in Henry V (1989) and Leslie Banks (bottom) as Chorus in Henry V (1944). In each performance, Chorus acts as a narrator, but in the 1989 version, Chorus is in a modern studio and slowly transports the audience into the story. Meanwhile, in the 1944 version, the audience is already in the story with the period clothing and set, and Chorus is simply telling a story to the audience, but it does not feel as far back into the past.
List of Arguments for Commentary on War Team
List of Arguments for Patriotic Propaganda Team
Is William Shakespeare's Henry V a play of English patriotism or a questioning on the purpose of war? This is what we as a class debated on with bringing in specific examples from the text.
As a part of the Commentary on War Team, we came up with some reasonings as to why war is seen as a bad thing in Henry V, of which included the final result not mattering in the end (Henry V died only two years after the Battle of Agincourt), the general public being dragged into a conflict of people in power, and the countless lives that are lost of both sides of war. Personally, I agreed with the class and felt that Shakespeare's Henry V could be seen as both propaganda for English patriotism as well as a criticism of war.
On the sides here are pictures of each team's whiteboard and their arguments for the debate.
Young King Henry V has not been on the throne very long during the events of Henry V, and he still holds the reputation of his actions during his days as prince - a frivolous, uncaring man. Henry was forced to grow up and take on the responsibility of the throne very quickly after his father's death. During the short time he has been on the throne, Henry has impressed those in his court and nearby country as he has taken the responsibility of the throne and taking care of England seriously.
In the scene preceding this one, Henry and the men of the court were discussing the reasoning and evidence behind Henry's right to the French throne. But then in this scene, the French Ambassador, Montjoy, comes into the hall with a gift from the Dauphin, the French prince. The ambassador relays a message from the Dauphin to Henry, which is essentially a taunting from the Dauphin of Henry's past reputation, youth and how he is still an irresponsible boy. Then the gift is opened....
TENNIS BALLS!
Henry does not take this gift well and begins his most profound speech in the entire play. He tells the ambassador that the Dauphin will receive his game of tennis on the fields of France as he watches the country burn down.
This speech is where the audience can truly see Henry's growth into his crown. In the beginning of his speech, he remains polite and uses the royal "we," but begins to spiral into a harsher tone, more vivid detailing about taking the crown, and slipping into the personal "I." Although Henry has developed into a good and responsible king, the insult of tennis balls shows his nature as human and pushes him into the war with France.
Brian Blessed as Duke Thomas in Henry V (1989)
Kenneth Branagh as Henry V in Henry V (1989)
Tennis Ball Scene in London Production of Henry V (2015)
Christopher Ravenscroft as Montjoy in Henry V (1989)
Act 1 Scene 4 Lines 270-310
Act 1 Scene 4 Lines 270-310 cont.
Below is an excerpt from Holinshed's Texts, focusing on the life of Henry V. My comment (also below) is in response to the highlighted text.
Shakespeare's use for Holinshed's Texts is a heavy #echo Henry V as there are many instances in the play that talk of Henry, or the Kings in general, being rulers in divine right. Additionally, many characters speak of winning the war for England and God; that it is God's will, so it must be done.
I decided to read and write about the Anglo-French Encounter link, the webpage titled “Pistol and Monsieur Le Fer: An Anglo-French Encounter by Charlène Cruxent. I chose this piece because I really enjoy learning about history, especially when it pertains to old European monarchies, and I thought it would be an interesting perspective on the realities of the common people’s perception of the war during this time, meaning the French versus the English.
According to the author, “Act 4, Scene 4 is the only moment when the audience can observe the confrontation between a British and a French soldier” (Introduction). I found this fact particularly interesting because until it was pointed out I hadn’t realized that this really is the only time when we see interactions between the common people of the two countries, this is obviously not including the interactions between the ambassadors and courts, Henry and the Dauphin, etcetera. It is in this meeting where we can see the discrepancies between upper and lower classes, as well as prejudices, as the character “Boy” must act as translator for Pistol and Monsieur Le Fer, as neither of the soldiers speak the other’s language.
This encounter also gives us the clear feelings that the two men hold against one another and their corresponding people, for example, Pistol finds Le Fer to mumble and a barbarian. The two men represent the eventual end of the war with the English defeating the French. Later in the article, the author highlights the comparison of France being a woman for Henry as a fertile maid to be conquered.
The Boy in the Royal Shakespeare Company production of Henry V (2015)