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Table of Contents
Background knowledge
Background knowledge
You will need to have a working knowledge of particle theory with an understanding of electrical and magnetic charges (+ and -).
Learning Intentions
Learning Intentions
To understand electricity in terms of the particle model.
To compare and contrast static electricity and Current electricity.
Success Criteria
Success Criteria
I can describe electrcity referencing charged particles
I can compare and contrast static and current electricity
Engage
Engage
Static Shock!
"You and your friends are all walking together, suddenly your hand brushes up against a friends and you zap them!
Try to use your understanding of the particle model and electricity to explain what happened!"
New Information
New Information
Electricity
Electricity
Electricity is a form of energy. It is characterised by the movement of electrons or charged particles.
In the figure on the right you can see the movement of the negatively charged electrons in a wire. This is what allows for electrical energy to pass through the wire .
Insulators and Conductors
Insulators and Conductors
A conductor is a material that allows electricity to pass through it.
They are characterised by free-flowing positive or negative particles.
An Insulator is a material that doesn’t allow electricity to pass.
They have no free-flowing particles.
In the figure on the as the charged body approaches the conductors it either repels (negatively charged body) or attracts (positively charged body) the insulator does not react very much.
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Static Electricity
Static Electricity
Static Electricity is the build-up and release of charges on a surface.
This occurs when an insulator is rubbed against another surface.
In the figure on the left, as you move a balloon across someone's hair it can collect negative charges this allows it to become negative while the hair is positive. When it is placed by the wall the negaitve charges repel causing the particles to move away, and the positive charges attract allowing it to stick.
A static discharge occurs when the charges of two objects are different but can balance each other out.
This is also known as a static shock.
In the figure on the left, as John Travoltage rubs his leg against the carpet he builds up negative electrical charges in his body. When he touches the metal door handle (an electrical conductor) he passes the charge through creating a static discharge which neutralises his charge.
Activities
Activities
Static Electricity Simulations
Static Electricity Simulations
Try some of these simulations for static electricity:
https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/john-travoltage
In steps, describe what is happening to John Travoltage
https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/balloons-and-static-electricity
In steps, describe what is happening to the jumper, balloon and wall.
Static Electiricy Simulations Answers
Static Electiricy Simulations Answers
John Travoltage Simulation
John Travoltage rubs his leg across the carpet, in doing so he strips electrons from the surrounnding surfaces rug, shoes (insulators) making him negatively charged . These electrons build up inside of him, until he touches a more positively charged the door handle (conductor) the electrons rush from him to the door creating a static shock.
Static Balloon Simulation
Rubbing the balloon (an insulator) against the jumper (another insulator) causes some of the electrons to be stripped from the jumped and line up on one side of the balloon. This makes the jumper positively charged and that side fo the balloon negatively charged.
When you leave the balloon in the space the negative and positive attract each other. If you put the balloon on the wall the negative particles repel each other, this leaves only the positive particles, allowing the positives from the wall and negaitves from the balloon to attract each other, meaning the balloon sticks to the wall.
Van De Graaff Generator
Van De Graaff Generator
In class time we will set up a Van De Graaff Generator.
This is a large static electricity generator. A large rubber band is spun from the bottom to the top, this passes positive charge to the dome of the generator. When a person or wand comes by the positive charge discharges, making a static shock.
Observe
What does it feel like to be around the Van De Graaff while its working?
Analyse
What happens when aluminium pie trays are placed on top? Explain referencing particle theory. (Video 1)
When someone with long hair holds it what happens? Would their hair being curly or straight matter? (Video 1)
What happens when a group of people hold hands while not touching the floor then one person touches the floor? (video 2)
Van De Graff Generator Answers
Van De Graff Generator Answers
Observe
You can feel the static in the air.
Analyse
After the pie trays are placed ontop of the Van De Graaff they begin to fly off. This is due to the positive charges being deposited into the trays, becuase they are not fixed/attached to each other the charges can repel each other. This causes the pie trays to fly away from one another.
Someone with long hair will have their hair begining to stand up. This is becuase of the charge being passed through them and their hairs begin to repel each other. If someone had curly hair (as opposed to straight) they hair could not stand as much due to the weight and interwieving of their hair.
When a group of people are not touching the floor there is no where for the electricity to go, it builds in them and they gain the same charge as the Van De Graaff. When one person touching the ground touches the chain they allow the static shock to occur. Allow the charge passes through each person to get to the ground.
Reflection
Reflection
Written Reflection
Written Reflection
Use a maximum of 2 sentences to describe as much about electricity as you can.
Success Criteria
Success Criteria
Which level are you currently sitting at in the success criteria? (see images below).
Next Lesson: Electrical Circuits
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