Kentaro MORITA

Professor, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo

Exploring a way of animal's life in the field is important for understanding and preserving the evolution of that organism. I specialize in animal ecology, focusing on the mechanisms that cause variation in life history traits, and also in conservation biology, primarily on the effects of dams, exotic species, and fisheries. In particular, I study salmonid fishes that live in river and ocean ecosystems by using a comprehensive approach that combines data collected by fieldwork with theory building and testing using mathematical models.

Profile

I was raised in Nara prefecture at the southern limit of Salvelinus, where as a boy I became fascinated with salmonids in general and with charr in particular. As Hokkaido is salmonid paradise in Japan, it was natural that I was drawn northwards. I received a PhD from Hokkaido University in 2002 based on the studies of conservation ecology of white-spotted charr. I have been working on life-history evolution and population ecology of chum, pink, and masu salmon, Dolly Varden and white-spotted charr. 

Contact Information:  Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564 JAPAN. Email moriken*g.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp  (Replace "*" with "@" when sending email.)

[Research topics]

I specialize in fieldwork-based research on animal ecology and conservation biology by investigating the life history and population processes of aquatic organisms. I study aquatic ecosystems that span from rivers to the ocean by observing mainly salmonid fishes. Salmonids that live in aquatic ecosystems are suitable subjects for conservation biology because their adaptation to cold water makes them susceptible to the effects of global warming and because their nursery habitats are affected by human disturbance, such as hatchery programs, introduced trout, and riverine artificial structures (e.g., dams). In addition, salmonids are a suitable subject for conservation genetics because the ongoing release of farmed individuals from fisheries and recreational fishing causes genetic disturbance.

Life-history studies: I focus on the mechanisms that cause variation in life history traits and population fluctuations by using a comprehensive approach that combines observed data with theory building and testing using mathematical models. I would like to continue to develop and conduct research on the evolutionary mechanisms of animal reproductive strategies and life-history diversity (e.g., migration, growth, sexual dimorphism, egg size, age at maturity, size at maturity). Many animal species have two alternative life histories: migratory and non-migratory. Much research has been done on the evolutionary mechanism of migratory polymorphisms in salmonids, especially from the perspective of understanding the ultimate factors that cause animals to migrate, and I have been interested in this research myself. In the future, I intend to devote my research life to understanding and elucidating the integrated response of life history traits and population dynamics to unintended selection induced by human activities (e.g., fisheries-induced evolution) and changes to the environment. I would like to contribute to the conservation of biodiversity and the realization of sustainable social and economic activities. 

Conservation ecology: One of my main areas of research is the ecological risk to native fishes of damming and invasion of non-natives and farmed conspecific. My field data shows that small populations isolated in the areas upstream of dams are becoming extinct, thus reducing genetic diversity; through numerical simulations of population dynamics, I have shown that the risk of extinction increases for decades after a dam has been constructed. My long-term data also showed that introduced trouts drive declines in native salmonid through interspecific competition. I also conduct applied research on population dynamics and biodiversity-conscious resource management for fisheries. To advance future technology for aquaculture in fisheries, I proposed the importance of measures that eliminate the concern of "domestication" (the genetic transformation of wild fish) and support sustainable fisheries by balancing artificial propagation and natural reproduction.

[Education objective]

I believe that an important role of university and graduate school educators is to inspire students. Postgraduate education is not just about accumulating knowledge, but also about developing the ability to think logically. For this reason, I would like to respect the opinions and individuality of students and try to incorporate more discussion into research guidance. Thinking for oneself and working with conviction is the only way to experience the joy of research. Research activities at university are good training in how to raise issues, collect information and find solutions when out in the society. In addition, I think it is important to learn presentation skills and discussion methods to communicate one's ideas to others. Graduate training is useful to those who work in the government, non-profit or corporate sectors, not only for academic researchers.

I would like to make a special effort to create an environment in which students can realize the joy of research. I hope that students will be impressed by the research activities they do at university. To this end, even if a student’s research focuses on modeling and data analysis, I would like to emphasize "experience" as the basis of research. This is because I believe that nature is not just something to be understood, but also something to be felt. For example, in the case of salmon, most students understand that salmon return to the river where they were born to spawn and die. However, when they actually go to the field and see salmon spawning, they "feel" something more, something different, and I believe that this feeling will be invaluable in helping them find their own research direction.