Explanation Text

An Explanation Text is a type of factual text that explains how or why something happens. It describes natural, scientific, social, or cultural phenomena and the processes that lead to particular outcomes.

The purpose of an Explanation Text is to help the reader understand how or why something happens in the natural or social world. It answers questions like:

• “How does it work?”

• “Why does it happen?”

• “What causes it?”
  
  

 Generic Structure

1. Title

Indicates the topic of the explanation clearly.

2. General Statement

Introduces the phenomenon to be explained (what it is).

3. Explanation (Sequenced Steps)

Describes how or why the phenomenon occurs in logical, step-by-step order.

4. (Optional) Closing

Sometimes includes a conclusion or summary of the process.

 Language Features

• Use of simple present tense (e.g., "The sun rises...")

• Use of technical or scientific terms (e.g., evaporation, gravity)

• Use of passive voice (e.g., "is formed," "is caused")

• Use of cause-and-effect conjunctions (e.g., because, due to, as a result, so that)

• Use of chronological connectors (e.g., first, next, then, finally)
  
  

Example of Explanation Text

How Photosynthesis Works

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert sunlight into food. It is essential for life on Earth because it produces oxygen and energy-rich compounds that sustain most living organisms. First, plants absorb sunlight through their leaves, which contain a green pigment called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll captures the light energy from the sun. Next, plants take in carbon dioxide from the air through tiny openings on their leaves called stomata. They also absorb water from the soil through their roots. Then, using the energy captured from sunlight, plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose, a type of sugar that serves as food. This process also produces oxygen as a byproduct. Finally, the glucose is transported throughout the plant to provide energy for growth and development, while oxygen is released into the atmosphere through the stomata. Photosynthesis is a vital process that not only feeds the plants but also supports life on Earth by replenishing oxygen and forming the base of the food chain.