I.  Different native societies adapted to and transformed their environments through innovations in agriculture, resource use, and social structure.

• Bell Ringer: Pueblo Tribes and the Wupatki Monument (7:30)

• Bell Ringer: Chumash Indians in Southern California (6:09)

• Bell Ringer: Native Americans in San Luis Obispo (5:33)

• Bell Ringer: Tongva People in Southern California (5:52)

• Video Clip: Indigenous People of the Great Plains (9:12)

• Bell Ringer: Moundville Archaeological Park (7:26)

• Bell Ringer: The Origins of the Seminole Nation (3:04)

• Lesson Plan: Alaska Native Culture Groups (7 Clips)

I. European expansion into the Western Hemisphere generated intense social, religious, political, and economic competition and changes within European societies.

• Bell Ringer: Early Maps of the World (3:00)

• Bell Ringer: Agriculture and the Columbian Exchange (5:16) 

• Lesson Plan: Early Explorers and Expeditions (8 Clips)

II. The Columbian Exchange and development of the Spanish Empire in the Western Hemisphere resulted in extensive demographic, economic, and social changes.

• Bell Ringer: Spanish Conquistador Ponce de Leon (3:21) 

• Bell Ringer: Hernando De Soto (4:39)

• Bell Ringer: Francisco Vazquez de Coronado (5:51)

• Bell Ringer: The Spanish Conquest of the Aztecs (3:21)

• Bell Ringer: Plains Indians and the Spread of Smallpox (5:35) 

III. In their interactions, Europeans and Native Americans asserted divergent worldviews regarding issues such as religion, gender roles, family, land use, and power.

• Lesson Plan: The Spanish Empire and Missions in North America (5 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: California Missions (9:17)

• Bell Ringer: San Jose Settlement and Peralta Adobe (11:50)

• Video Clip: San Antonio Spanish Missions (10:37)

I. Spanish, French, Dutch, and British colonizers had different economic and imperial goals involving land and labor that shaped the social and political development of their colonies as well as their relationships with native populations.

• Bell Ringer: The Spanish Empire in Western Florida (5:40)

• Bell Ringer: The Spanish Settlement in Tucson, Arizona (6:39)

• Bell Ringer: Settlement of San Antonio, Texas (7:55)

• Video Clip: San Antonio Spanish Missions (10:37)

• Bell Ringer: The French Settlement of Mobile, Alabama (3:25)

• Bell Ringer: French Colonies in North America and Indian Alliances (4:47)

• Bell Ringer: The Settlement of Detroit and New France (3:50)

• Bell Ringer: French Settlers and Explorers in Illinois (2:51)

• Bell Ringer: Explorer Robert de La Salle (10:12)

• Bell Ringer: The Colonization of Mobile, Alabama (7:21)

• Bell Ringer: The Fur Trade (9:17)

• Bell Ringer: Native Americans and the Dutch in New York (4:03) 

• Bell Ringer: Dutch East India Company (3:44)

• Bell Ringer: The History of Joint-Stock Companies (3:42)

• Bell Ringer: Chief Powhatan and the Jamestown Colony (7:50)

II. In the 17th century, early British colonies developed along the Atlantic coast, with regional differences that reflected various environmental, economic, cultural, and demographic factors.

• Bell Ringer: The Thirteen Original Colonies (4:08)

• Bell Ringer: Religion in Colonial America (5:14)

• Bell Ringer: The First Great Awakening (4:56)

• Bell Ringer: Individual Rights and the American Colonies (3:36)

• Bell Ringer: The Struggle between Individual Liberty and the Common Good (5:32)

• Bell Ringer: The Algonquian Indians and Jamestown (7:50)

• Bell Ringer: The First Africans Brought to Virginia (7:29) 

• Bell Ringer: Tobacco and Slavery in Colonial Virginia (5:37)

• Bell Ringer: Bacon's Rebellion (6:18)

• Bell Ringer: Colonial Courts in Virginia (2:49)

• Bell Ringer: James Oglethorpe and the Georgia Colony (6:24)

• Bell Ringer: Carolina Charter of 1663 (3:11)

• Bell Ringer: William Penn and the Quakers (3:23)

• Bell Ringer: The Founding of Delaware (1:29)

• Bell Ringer: The Mayflower Compact (3:06)

• Bell Ringer: The Religious Beliefs of Puritans in New England (5:14)

• Lesson Plan: The Pilgrim Story (6 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Massachusetts Colony's Body of Liberties (6:07)

• Bell Ringer: The Founding of Rhode Island (2:48)

III. Competition over resources between European rivals and American Indians encouraged industry and trade and led to conflict in the Americas.

• Bell Ringer: Triangle Trade and Slavery in Rhode Island (5:26)

• Bell Ringer: The African Slave Trade and the Middle Passage (6:23)

• Bell Ringer: French Colonies in North America and Indian Alliances (4:33)

• Video Clip: Colonization and the Causes of the French and Indian War (5:55)

• Bell Ringer: Benjamin Franklin and the Albany Plan of Union (2:30)

I. Transatlantic commercial, religious, philosophical, and political exchanges led residents of the British colonies to evolve in their political and cultural attitudes as they became increasingly tied to Britain and one another.

• Bell Ringer: The Enlightenment and the Truth (3:55)

• Bell Ringer: Social Contract (1:03)

• Bell Ringer: Adam Smith and the Wealth of Nations (2:28)

• Bell Ringer: Consent of the Governed and the Enlightenment (3:18)

• Bell Ringer: Jean- Jacques Rousseau and the Power to Rule (2:56)

• Bell Ringer: Philosopher David Hume (4:39)

• Bell Ringer: Philosopher Thomas Hobbes (6:18)

• Bell Ringer: Philosopher John Locke (3:38)

• Bell Ringer: Zenger Trial and Colonial Press Freedom (2:32

• Bell Ringer: Colonial Courts (2:49)

• Bell Ringer: The English Roots of Democratic Principles (2:42)

• Lesson Plan: Predecessors to the Bill of Rights (6 Clips)

• Lesson Plan: Food and American National Identity (10 Clips)

II. Like other European empires in the Americas that participated in the Atlantic slave trade, the English colonies developed a system of slavery that reflected the specific economic, demographic, and geographic characteristics of those colonies.

• Bell Ringer: The First Africans Brought to Virginia (7:29)

• Bell Ringer: Tobacco and Slavery in Colonial Virginia (5:37)

• Bell Ringer: Triangular Trade in New England (2:12) 

• Lesson Plan: Slavery in the Northern Colonies (12 Clips)

I. The competition among the British, French, and American Indians for economic and political advantage in North America culminated in the Seven Years’ War (the French and Indian War), in which Britain defeated France and allied American Indians.

• Lesson Plan: The Impact of the French and Indian War (8 Clips)

• Video Clip: British Perspectives of The French and Indian War (4:23) 

• Video Clip: The French and Indian War and the American Revolution (4:56)

• On This Day: The End of the French and Indian War (5 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The French and Indian War and Pontiac's War (3:37)

II. The desire of many colonists to assert ideals of self-government in the face of renewed British imperial efforts led to a colonial independence movement and war with Britain.

• Lesson Plan: Events Leading to the American Revolution (10 Clips)

• On This Day: The Stamp Act (4 Clips)

• On This Day: The Tea Act (4 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The Quebec Act (1:52)

• Bell Ringer: Pre-Revolutionary America (3:03)

• Bell Ringer: Dissolving the House of Burgesses (6:08)

• Bell Ringer: First Continental Congress (5:56)

• Bell Ringer: The Beginning of the Revolutionary War (13:02)

• Lesson Plan: The Revolutionary War (9 Clips)

• Lesson Plan: The Second Virginia Convention (1775) (9 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Legacy of the American Revolution (2:32)

I. The ideals that inspired the revolutionary cause reflected new beliefs about politics, religion, and society that had been developing over the course of the 18th century.

• Bell Ringer: The Enlightenment and the Truth (3:55)

• Lesson Plan: Thomas Paine and Common Sense (4 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The Importance of Thomas Paine on the Founding of the US (2:54)

• Bell Ringer: Thomas Jefferson and the Declaration of Independence (1:55)

• Video Clip: The Purpose of the Declaration of Independence (2:06)

• Lesson Plan: The Influence of the Declaration of Independence on the Constitution (6 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: French Influence on 1790s Philadelphia (13:30)

• Bell Ringer: The Haitian Revolution (2 Clips)

II. After declaring independence, American political leaders created new constitutions and declarations of rights that articulated the role of the state and federal governments while protecting individual liberties and limiting both centralized power and excessive popular influence.

• Video Clip: Who Could Vote in the Early United States (1:21)

• Bell Ringer: U.S. and State Constitution Comparisons (5:51)

• Lesson Plan: The Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation (8 Clips)

• Video Clip: The Articles of Confederation and Shay's Rebellion (5:05)

• Lesson Plan: The Constitutional Convention (8 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The Constitutional Convention (4:57)

• Bell Ringer: Three-Fifths Compromise and the Constitutional Convention (4:14)

• Lesson Plan: The Federalist Papers (3 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The Creation of the Bill of Rights (3:47)

• Lesson Plan: The Debate over the need for a Bill of Rights (6 Clips)

III. New forms of national culture and political institutions developed in the United States alongside continued regional variations and differences over economic, political, social, and foreign policy issues.

• Bell Ringer: George Washington's Cabinet (7:56)

• Video Clip: Hamiltonianism versus Jeffersonianism (4:12)

• Bell Ringer: The Early Formation of Political Parties (4:41)

• Bell Ringer: Political Conditions in Early America (7:02)

• Bell Ringer: The Early Supreme Court (2:51)

• Video Clip: Hamiltonianism versus Jeffersonianism (4:12)

• Bell Ringer: The Nation's Capital and the Compromise of 1790 (3:40)

• Lesson Plan: Washington’s Farewell Address (4 Clips)

I. In the decades after American independence, interactions among different groups resulted in competition for resources, shifting alliances, and cultural blending.

• Bell Ringer: Early Treaties with Native Americans (4:06)

• Bell Ringer: The Battle of Fallen Timbers (8:07)

• Bell Ringer: General “Mad” Anthony Wayne (2 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The Northwest Territory (4:12)

• Bell Ringer: Whiskey Rebellion (2 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Native Americans and Missions in California (5:33)

II. The continued presence of European powers in North America challenged the United States to find ways to safeguard its borders, maintain neutral trading rights, and promote its economic interests.

• Lesson: Early American Neutrality (10 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Hamilton's Financial Plan (3:54)

• Video Clip: Early Tariffs in the United States (3:54)

• Bell Ringer: France and the XYZ Affair (3:36)

• Bell Ringer: The Alien and Sedition Acts (3:00)

• Bell Ringer: The Logan Act and the Quasi-War (3:38)

• Bell Ringer: President George Washington's Farewell Address (5:29)

I. The nation’s transition to a more participatory democracy was achieved by expanding suffrage from a system based on property ownership to one based on voting by all adult white men, and it was accompanied by the growth of political parties.

• Video Clip: The First Party System (2:06)

• Bell Ringer: The 12th Amendment and the Election of 1800 (3:08)

• Video Clip: Early Tariffs in the United States (3:54)

• Bell Ringer: Hartford Convention (1:48)

• Lesson Plan: Marbury v. Madison (1803) (4 Clips)

• Lesson Plan: McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) (5 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Worcester v. Georgia (2:14)

• Bell Ringer: Gibbons v. Ogden (1:10)

• Lesson Plan: The Significance of Chief Justice John Marshall (4 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The Corrupt Bargain of 1824 (2:24)

• Bell Ringer: Henry Clay and the American System (4:38) 

• Bell Ringer: The Election of Andrew Jackson (5:19)

• Bell Ringer: Andrew Jackson and the Bank War (2:15)

• Bell Ringer: The 1828 Tariff of Abominations and Nullification (3:54)

• Video Clip: The Whig Party (2:41)

• Bell Ringer: Jacksonians and Whigs (1:48)

• Video Clip: The Second Party System (6:13)

II. While Americans embraced a new national culture, various groups developed distinctive cultures of their own.

• Bell Ringer: The Second Great Awakening (4:17)

• Bell Ringer: Ralph Waldo Emerson (5:59)

• Bell Ringer: Thoreau's Walden Pond (9:02)

• Bell Ringer: The Life of Edgar Allen Poe (5:51)

• Bell Ringer: Minstrel Shows in the 1800s (5:50)

• Bell Ringer: Culture in Antebellum South (10:18)

• Bell Ringer: Poor Whites of the Antebellum South (7:29)

III. Increasing numbers of Americans, many inspired by new religious and intellectual movements, worked primarily outside of government institutions to advance their ideals.

• Bell Ringer: American Transcendentalism (3:33)

• Bell Ringer: The Role of Women in the Early 1800s (2:33)

• Bell Ringer: The Early Temperance Movement (4:03)

• Bell Ringer: Social Activism in the Mid-19th Century (4:45)

• Bell Ringer: Early American and British Suffrage Movements (14:41)

• Bell Ringer: Abolitionist and Women's Rights Activist Abby Kelley Foster (5:07)

• Bell Ringer: The Domestic Slave Trade (3:35)

• Bell Ringer: American Colonization Society (9:52)

• Bell Ringer: The Early Abolition Movement and the American Anti-Slavery Society (6:12)

• Bell Ringer: Madison Washington and the Slave Revolt on the Creole (4:21)

• Bell Ringer: The Early Women's Suffrage Movement (9:27)

I. New transportation systems and technologies dramatically expanded manufacturing and agricultural production.

• Bell Ringer: Eli Whitney and the Cotton Gin (1:14)

• Bell Ringer: Transportation on the Hudson River (2:35)

• Bell Ringer: Steamboats in America (5:32)

• Bell Ringer: Henry Clay and the American System (4:38) 

• Bell Ringer: The Maysville Road and The American Plan (6:17)

• Bell Ringer: The National Road in West Virginia (2 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The Erie Canal (4:40)

• Bell Ringer: Ohio and Erie Canal (8:17)

• Bell Ringer: The Significance of Gibbons v. Ogden (1:20)

• Bell Ringer: The Industrial Revolution and the Communications Revolution (5:42)

II. The changes caused by the market revolution had significant effects on U.S. society, workers’ lives, and gender and family relations.

• Bell Ringer: Industrialization and Lowell Mill Girls (4:49)

• Bell Ringer: Artisan Trades and Manufacturing in Maine (8:24)

• Bell Ringer: History of Cotton in Memphis (9:26)

• Bell Ringer: Horace Mann and Early Public Education (2:55)

III. Economic development shaped settlement and trade patterns, helping to unify the nation while also encouraging the growth of different regions.

• Bell Ringer: Ohio and Erie Canal (8:24)

• Bell Ringer: Early Settlement in the Ozarks (2:33)

• Bell Ringer: The National Road in West Virginia (2 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The Economics of the Panic of 1837 (4:48)

• Bell Ringer: The Panic of 1837 and Martin Van Buren (2:56)

• Bell Ringer: Henry Clay and the American System (4:38) 

I. Struggling to create an independent global presence, the United States sought to claim territory throughout the North American continent and promote foreign trade.

• Lesson Plan: The Louisiana Purchase (8 Clips)

• On This Day: Lewis & Clark Expedition (3 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Impressment and the Chesapeake-Leopard Incident (3:44)

• On This Day: The Monroe Doctrine (3 Clips)

• Lesson Plan: The War of 1812 (10 Clips)

• On This Day: Battle of Tippecanoe (3 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The War of 1812 and The Treaty of Ghent (6:05)

• Bell Ringer: Battle of New Orleans (9:06)

• Bell Ringer: Indian Removal Act of 1830 (6:54)

• Bell Ringer: Chattanooga and the Trail of Tears (4:36)

• Bell Ringer: The Forced Removal of Great Lakes Indians (2 Clips)

II. The United States' acquisition of lands in the West gave rise to contests over the extension of slavery into new territories.

• Bell Ringer: History of Cotton in Memphis (9:26)

• Bell Ringer: The Missouri Compromise (5:33)

• Lesson Plan: Daniel Webster and American Nationalism (15 Clips)

• Lesson Plan: Congress and the Antebellum South (8 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The Gag Rule (5:01)

• Bell Ringer: Texas Independence and the 1836 Compromise (2:05)

• Bell Ringer: The Wilmot Proviso (3:16)

• Bell Ringer: The Domestic Slave Trade (3:35) 

I. Popular enthusiasm for U.S. expansion, bolstered by economic and security interests, resulted in the acquisition of new territories, substantial migration westward, and new overseas initiatives.

• Bell Ringer: Changes to the United States in the 1840s (2:25)

• Lesson Plan: The Mexican-American War (8 Clips)

• Lesson Plan: The California Gold Rush (6 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Chinese Involvement in Westward Expansion (8:01)

• Bell Ringer: The Legacy of John C. Fremont (5:38)

• Video Clip: Nevada Mining and the Comstock Lode (11:24)

• Bell Ringer: Brigham Young and the Settlement of Salt Lake City (2:00)

• Bell Ringer: The Kansas-Nebraska Act and Bleeding Kansas (4:12)

• Bell Ringer: Westward Trails from Independence, Missouri (11:33)

• Bell Ringer: Life on the Oregon Trail (10:44)

• Bell Ringer: The U.S. Purchase of Alaska (3:50)

• Bell Ringer: The Transcontinental Railroad (4:27)

• Bell Ringer: The Homestead Act and Oklahoma (4:39)

• Bell Ringer: The Homestead Act and Nebraska (4:54)

• Bell Ringer: Manifest Destiny (4:11)

II. In the 1840s and 1850s, Americans continued to debate questions about rights and citizenship for various groups of U.S. inhabitants.

• Lesson Plan: The Seneca Falls Convention and the Declaration of Sentiments (5 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Immigration in the Early 1800s (2:14)

• Bell Ringer: 19th Century Irish Immigration (6:48)

• Bell Ringer: The Know Nothing Party (3:32)

• Bell Ringer: Chinese Immigration in the U.S. in the 19th Century (6:27)

• Bell Ringer: Chinese Immigration to California (5:06)

• Video Clip: Chinese during the California Gold Rush (1:49)

• Bell Ringer: Chinese Arrive in California in 1848 (5:04)

• Bell Ringer: The Know-Nothing and Republican Parties (2:25)

• Bell Ringer: Nativism and the Know Nothings (2:04)

• Video Clip: Native Americans During the California Gold Rush (2:41)

• Bell Ringer: Nome Cult Trail (7:11)

• Lesson Plan: The Legacy of the Battle of Little Bighorn (6 Clips)

• On This Day: Sand Creek Massacre (3 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Red Cloud's War and Fort Phil Kearny, Wyoming (7:57)

I. Ideological and economic differences over slavery produced an array of diverging responses from Americans in the North and the South.

• Bell Ringer: Bleeding Kansas and the Free-State Movement (9:27)

• On This Day: Publication Of Uncle Tom's Cabin (3 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The Raid on Harpers Ferry (5:09)

• Lesson Plan: The Underground Railroad (7 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The Constitutional Questions of States' Rights, Secession and Slavery (5:06)

• Video Clip: Black Constitutionalism and Slavery (6:01)

• Video Clip: Slavery and the Constitution in the Early 1800s (4:29)

II. Debates over slavery came to dominate political discussion in the 1850s, culminating in the bitter election of 1860 and the secession of Southern states.

• Bell Ringer: The Compromise of 1850 (6:26) 

• Bell Ringer: Bleeding Kansas (7:05)

• On This Day: The Caning of Charles Sumner (3 Clips)

• Lesson Plan: Dred Scott v. Sandford (6 Clips)

• Lesson Plan: Major Events Leading to the Civil War (9 Clips)

• Lesson Plan: Maryland - Union or Confederate? (17 Clips & Slides)

• Video Clip: The Second Party System (6:13)

• Bell Ringer: The Decline of the Whig Party (2:35)

• Bell Ringer: Lincoln-Douglas Debates (8:59)

• Lesson Plan: The 1858 Midterm Elections (5 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The Election of 1860 (2:15)

• Bell Ringer: Politics and the Election of 1860 (7:44)

• Bell Ringer: Abraham Lincoln's First Inaugural Speech (3:15)

I. The North’s greater manpower and industrial resources, the leadership of Abraham Lincoln and others, and the decision to emancipate slaves eventually led to the Union military victory over the Confederacy in the devastating Civil War.

• Video Clip: Abraham Lincoln and Presidential Powers (5:39)

• Bell Ringer: Greenbacks and Early Currency in the United States (2 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Industry in the South During the Civil War: Confederate Powder Works (6:27)

• Bell Ringer: Richmond's Iron Works during the Civil War (3:43)

• Bell Ringer: Confederate Railroads in Chattanooga, Tennessee (3:54)

• Bell Ringer: The Confederacy and Jefferson Davis (9:44)

• Lesson Plan: Civil War Battles (20 Clips)

• Lesson Plan: Civil War Era and the Constitution (6 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: New York City and the 1863 Draft Riots (12:43)

• Bell Ringer: Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation (4:12)

• On This Day: Emancipation Proclamation (4 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The Civil War Battles of Gettysburg and Vicksburg (4:14)

• Bell Ringer: Abraham Lincoln's Writing of the Gettysburg Address (2:51)

• Bell Ringer: General Sherman's March on Columbia (10:39)

• Lesson Plan: Teaching the Civil War Through American Art and Literature (10 Clips)

II. Reconstruction and the Civil War ended slavery, altered relationships between the states and the federal government, and led to debates over new definitions of citizenship, particularly regarding the rights of African Americans, women, and other minorities.

• Bell Ringer: The Beginning of Reconstruction (4:11)

• Video Clip: Significance of the 13th Amendment (1:58)

• Bell Ringer: The First African Americans in Congress (7:48)

• Bell Ringer: The Reconstruction Amendments (5:23)

• Bell Ringer: 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments (4:39)

• Bell Ringer: Lucy Stone: Suffragette and Abolitionist (2 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Woman's Christian Temperance Union (2:14)

• Bell Ringer: Presidential Candidate Victoria Woodhull (2 Clips)

• Lesson Plan: The Reconstruction Era (9 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The Black Codes during the Reconstruction Era (3:45)

• Bell Ringer: The Impeachment of Andrew Johnson (3:35)

• Bell Ringer: Sharecropping and Reconstruction (2:59)

• Bell Ringer: The Compromise of 1877 (2:16)

• Lesson Plan: Slaughterhouse Cases (1873) (7 Clips)

• Lesson Plan: Civil Rights Supreme Court Cases of 1883 (8 Clips)

I.  Large-scale industrial production—accompanied by massive technological change, expanding international communication networks, and pro-growth government policies—generated rapid economic development and business consolidation.

• Bell Ringer: Life in Early Midwestern Cities (5:59)

• Bell Ringer: The Southern Pacific Railroad in California (3:09)

• Bell Ringer: The Impact of the Railroad and Telegraph on Montana (7:21)

• Bell Ringer: Wyoming Railroads (5:23)

• Bell Ringer: Pullman Porters (2 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Alexander Graham Bell (2:41)

• Lesson Plan: The Gilded Age (7 Clips)

• Lesson Plan: Henry George and the Gilded Age (6 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Life in New York City's Tenement Housing (6:20)

• Bell Ringer: Social Reformer and Photojournalist Jacob Riis (2:11)

• Lesson Plan: Jane Addams and John Dewey (4 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The Sherman Anti-Trust Act (2:41)

II. A variety of perspectives on the economy and labor developed during a time of financial panics and downturns.

• Bell Ringer: The Panic of 1873 (3:16)

• Bell Ringer: The Panic of 1893 and the Currency (3:36)

• Bell Ringer: The Silver Crash of 1893 (6:54)

• Lesson Plan: History of Child Labor in the U.S.(4 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Samuel Gompers and Labor Unions (1:30)

• Video Clip: The Labor Campaign of 1886 (9:44)

• Bell Ringer: Worker Strikes, and the Haymarket Affair (5:23)

• Bell Ringer: African American Migration to Iowa (5:51)

• Video Clip: Life in the South and Sharecropping (2:51)

III. New systems of production and transportation enabled consolidation within agriculture, which, along with periods of instability, spurred a variety of responses from farmers.

• Bell Ringer: Water in the Early American West (4:38)

• Bell Ringer: History of Cowboys in the Late 1800s (5:32)

• Bell Ringer: William Jennings Bryan and the Election of 1896 (3:00)

I. International and internal migration increased urban populations and fostered the growth of a new urban culture.

• Bell Ringer: Chinese Immigration in the U.S. in the 19th Century (6:27)

• Bell Ringer: Angel Island and Chinese Immigration (2:24)

• On This Day: Chinese Exclusion Act (5 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Czech and Slovakian Immigration to the United States (5:51)

• Bell Ringer: Ellis Island (9:15)

• Bell Ringer: The Political Machine and the Pendergast Family (10:11)

II. Larger numbers of migrants moved to the West in search of land and economic opportunity, frequently provoking competition and violent conflict.

• Bell Ringer: Life in Early Midwestern Towns (5:46)

• Bell Ringer: History of Cowboys in the Late 1800s (5:32)

• Bell Ringer: Nelson Story and Cattle Drives (8:24)

• Bell Ringer: The Early History of Las Vegas (5:32)

• Bell Ringer: Wild West Shows (3:50)

• Lesson Plan: The Legacy of the Battle of Little Bighorn (6 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Standing Bear v. Crook (9:27)

• Bell Ringer: Indian Boarding Schools and Assimilation (2:51)

• Bell Ringer: Indian Schools in Nevada (4:20)

• Bell Ringer: The Massacre at Wounded Knee (3:31)

I. New cultural and intellectual movements both buttressed and challenged the social order of the Gilded Age.

• Video Clip: Poverty in the Gilded Age (2:23)

• Bell Ringer: The Homestead Act and Social Darwinism (4:48)

• Bell Ringer: Carnegie Libraries in the United States (3:59)

• Lesson Plan: Henry George and the Gilded Age (6 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Social Reformer and Photojournalist Jacob Riis (2:11)

II. Dramatic social changes in the period inspired political debates over citizenship, corruption, and the proper relationship between business and government.

• Bell Ringer: Political Parties in the 1880s (4:38)

• Bell Ringer: The Spoils System vs the Merit System (6:37)

• Bell Ringer: The McKinley Tariff Act of 1890 (3:34)

• Bell Ringer: The Sherman Anti-Trust Act (2:41)

• Video Clip: Manufacturing and Tariffs in the Late 19th Century (4:21)

• Bell Ringer: Silver Crash of 1893 (6:46)

• Lesson Plan: Jane Addams and John Dewey (4 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Opposition to the Women's Suffrage Movement (3:38)

• Lesson Plan: Women's Suffrage (9 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The City Beautiful Movement (3:50)

• Lesson Plan: Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) (7 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Jim Crow Laws (9:04)

• Bell Ringer: The Mississippi Plan and Voting Rights (3:54)

• Bell Ringer: Ida B. Wells Anti-Lynching Campaign (2 Clips)

I. The United States continued its transition from a rural, agricultural economy to an urban, industrial economy led by large companies.

• Bell Ringer: Changes in the Labor Force in the 1890s (3:39)

• Bell Ringer: Henry Ford and the Model T (4:40)

• Bell Ringer: The Assembly Line and Fordism (6:34)

• Bell Ringer: The Invention of Cash Registers (4:03)

• Bell Ringer: J.C. Penney (2 Clips)

• Lesson Plan: The Great Migration (9 Clips)

• On This Day: Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire (7 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The National Origins Act of 1924 (3:00)

• Bell Ringer: The History of Barriers on the U.S.-Mexico Border (4:30)

• Bell Ringer: The Bracero Program (1:24)

• Bell Ringer: The Progressive Movement (1:30)

• Bell Ringer: Progressive Era Reforms in the Wilson Administration (2:30)

• Bell Ringer: Financial Regulation and the Banking Crash in Toledo (7:39)

• Lesson Plan: Life During the American Industrial Age (10 Clips)

• Lesson Plan: The Economics of the Great Depression (11 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The Great Depression and the 1933 Inauguration Period (4:03)

• Bell Ringer: The Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act (2 Clips)

II.  In the Progressive Era of the early 20th century, Progressives responded to political corruption, economic instability, and social concerns by calling for greater government action and other political and social measures.

• Bell Ringer: Muckrakers (2:15)

• Bell Ringer: Upton Sinclair's The Jungle (3:50)

• Lesson Plan: History of Child Labor in the U.S. (4 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: History of Newspaper Boys (10:20)

• Bell Ringer: Social Reformer and Photojournalist Jacob Riis (2:11)

• Lesson Plan: Jane Addams and John Dewey (4 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Auto-Lite Labor Strike of 1934 (4:48)

• Bell Ringer: Theodore Roosevelt and Progressive Era (4:35)

• Lesson Plan: 16th Amendment and Income Taxes (8 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The 17th Amendment and the Senate (3:09)

• Bell Ringer: Women's Christian Temperance Union and Suffrage (3:24)

• Lesson Plan: Prohibition in the United States (8 Clips)

• Lesson Plan: Women's Suffrage and the 19th Amendment (9 Clips)

• Lesson Plan: Life and Legacy of John Muir (4 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Origins of the NAACP (3:53)

III. During the 1930s, policymakers responded to the mass unemployment and social upheavals of the Great Depression by transforming the U.S. into a limited welfare state, redefining the goals and ideas of modern American liberalism. 

• Lesson Plan: The Great Depression (6 Clips)

• Lesson Plan: Herbert Hoover and the Great Depression (12 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: FDR and Hoover - 1932 Transition (6:00)

• Bell Ringer: Franklin Roosevelt's First 100 Days (1:01)

• Lesson Plan: The New Deal (6 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The Great Depression and Public Policy (6:58)

• Bell Ringer: The Works Progress Administration (2 Clips) 

• Bell Ringer: Tennessee Valley Authority (2 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Sharecropping and African American Farmers during the 1930s (3:55)

• Bell Ringer: The National Labor Relations Act/Wagner Act (1:48)

• Bell Ringer: President Roosevelt and Court-Packing (6:26)

I. Popular culture grew in influence in U.S. society, even as debates increased over the effects of culture on public values, morals, and American national identity.

• Bell Ringer: Wireless Technology in the Early 20th Century (9:45)

• Video Clip: Orson Welles' War of the Worlds (2:06)

• Bell Ringer: Jazz in Charleston, South Carolina (2:27)

• Bell Ringer: Anne Spencer and The Harlem Renaissance (5:52)

• Bell Ringer: Langston Hughes (3:44)

• Bell Ringer: The Espionage Act of 1917 (2:56)

• On This Day: The Sedition Act of 1918 (3 Clips)

• Lesson Plan: American Antisemitism in the Early 1900s (8 clips) 

• Lesson Plan: Schenck v. United States (1919)

• Bell Ringer: Eugene Debs and Socialism in the Early 20th Century (5:18)

• On This Day: Scopes Monkey Trial (5 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: President Franklin Roosevelt’s Fireside Chats (5:32)

II. Economic pressures, global events, and political developments caused sharp variations in the numbers, sources, and experiences of both international and internal migrants.

• Bell Ringer: The Immigration Act of 1924 (4:15) 

• Bell Ringer: Border Enforcement and the Origins of Undocumented Immigration (13:12)

• Lesson Plan: The Great Migration (9 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Dust Bowl Migration (9:36)

• Bell Ringer: Ida B. Wells Anti-Lynching Campaign (2 Clips)

• Video Clip: History of the Ku Klux Klan (7:34)

• Bell Ringer: Black Wall Street in Tulsa, Oklahoma (5:08)

• Bell Ringer: The Bracero Program (1:24)

• Bell Ringer: The History of Barriers on the U.S.-Mexico Border (4:22)

I. In the late 19th century and early 20th century, new U.S. territorial ambitions and acquisitions in the Western Hemisphere and the Pacific accompanied heightened public debates over America’s role in the world.

• Video Clip: Hawaii State Capitol and Statehood (12:08)

• Bell Ringer: U.S. - Cuba Relationship in 1890 (3:30)

• Bell Ringer: Spanish American War (5:28)

• Lesson Plan: The Spanish-American War (9 Clips)

• On This Day: The 1898 Treaty of Paris (4 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The History of Puerto Rico and US Citizenship (6:51)

• Bell Ringer: Dollar Diplomacy in the Caribbean (7:35)

II. World War I and its aftermath intensified ongoing debates about the nation’s role in the world and how best to achieve national security and pursue American interests.

• Lesson Plan: World War I (9 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The United States' Decision to Enter World War I (8:00)

• Bell Ringer: World War I: The Zimmermann Telegram (8:24)

• Bell Ringer: American Neutrality and U-Boat during World War I (5:23)

• Lesson Plan: The Selective Service Act (7 Clips)

• Lesson Plan: WWI: U.S. Military in France in 1918 (4 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: American Forces in World War I- Battle of Saint-Mihiel (6:56)

• Bell Ringer: World War I: General John J. Pershing and War Tanks (3:31)

• Bell Ringer: World War I Artillery (2:31)

• On This Day: Treaty of Versailles (6 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The Kellogg-Briand Pact and the Outlawing of War (4:32)

• Bell Ringer: The Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act and the Great Depression (2 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The Lead Up to the Japanese Invasion of China (6:32)

• Bell Ringer: The Stimson Doctrine and Territorial Conquest (3:00)

• Bell Ringer: American Neutrality prior to World War II (3:30)

• Bell Ringer: Isolationists in World War II (11:41)

• On This Day: Germany's Invasion of Poland (6 Clips)

• On This Day: Attack on Pearl Harbor (9 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: President Roosevelt's "Day of Infamy" Address (6:58)

III. U.S. participation in World War II transformed American society, while the victory of the United States and its allies over the Axis powers vaulted the U.S. into a position of global, political, and military leadership.

• Lesson Plan: World War II (10 Clips)

• Lesson Plan: Funding World War II Through Taxes and Bonds (7 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: World War II - Photographs as Propaganda (5:15)

• Bell Ringer: World War II - Pop Culture as Propaganda (8:31)

• Lesson Plan: Rockwell, Roosevelt and the Four Freedoms (3 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Victory Gardens during World War II (3:20)

• Bell Ringer: Executive Order 9066 and Japanese Americans (13:25)

• Bell Ringer: The Displacement of Japanese Americans (9:30)

• Lesson Plan: Korematsu v. United States (6 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Zoot Suit Riots (2:40)

• Bell Ringer: World War II Navajo Code Talkers (7:48)

• Bell Ringer: Beaumont Race Riots (3:02)

• Bell Ringer: Impact of the Tuskegee Airmen (6:47)

• On This Day: WWII: Battle of Okinawa (6 Clips)

• On This Day: The D-Day Invasion (6 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: General Douglas MacArthur and World War II (4:38)

• Bell Ringer: World War II and the Nuremberg War Crimes Trials (7:09)

• On This Day: The Manhattan Project and the Atomic Bomb (10 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: President Harry Truman and the Atomic Bomb (3:05)

• Lesson Plan: Was using the atomic bomb on Japan necessary for ending World War II? (8 Clips)

• On This Day: The United Nations Charter (5 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Franklin Roosevelt and World War II (5:59)

• Bell Ringer: Franklin Roosevelt's Final Term and Death (3:27)

• On This Day: The Yalta Conference (3 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The Bretton Woods Conference (3:11)

• Bell Ringer: The Goals and Origins of the World Bank (3:44)

• Bell Ringer: International Monetary Fund (7:10)

I. United States policymakers engaged in a cold war with the authoritarian Soviet Union, seeking to limit the growth of Communist military power and ideological influence, create a free-market global economy, and build an international security system.

• Lesson Plan: The Red Scare of the 1940s and 1950s (9 Clips)

• Lesson Plan: Major Events of the Cold War (14 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: End of World War II and the Cold War in Europe (5:00)

• Bell Ringer: Winston Churchill's Iron Curtain Speech (2 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The Division of Germany and Berlin after World War II (5:37)

• Bell Ringer: The Truman Doctrine (4:41)

• Lesson Plan: Events Leading to the Building of the Berlin Wall (5 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: A Brief History of the Cold War (9:33)

• Bell Ringer: Civil Defense and Fallout Shelters during the Cold War (4:36)

• Lesson Plan: The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (10 Clips)

• Lesson Plan: The Structure of the United Nations (8 Clips)

• On This Day: Marshall Plan (4 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Containment and U.S. Strategy During the Cold War (4:23)

• On This Day: The Launch of Sputnik (5 Clips)

• Lesson Plan: The Korean War (8 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The 1960 U-2 Spy Plane Incident (2:53)

• On This Day: Gulf of Tonkin Incident (4 Clips)

• Lesson Plan: The Vietnam War (7:43)

• Bell Ringer: The 1966 Fulbright Hearings on the Vietnam War (2 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Operation Rolling Thunder and the Vietnam War (3:37)

• On This Day: The Tet Offensive (3 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The 1959 Kitchen Debate (5:24)

• Video Clip: Nixon-Khrushchev Kitchen Debate (14:20)

• Lesson Plan: Bay of Pigs Invasion (11 Clips)

• On This Day: Cuban Missile Crisis (6 Clips)

• Video Clip: The Impact of President Nixon's 1972 China Visit (6:09)

• Bell Ringer: Nixon and the Vietnam War (2:44)

• Bell Ringer: The Historical Background of the Creation of Israel (2 Clips)

• Video Clip: The History and Politics of the Iranian Regime (3:09)

• On This Day: OPEC Declares Oil Embargo (5 Clips)

• Video Clip: Camp David Accords (6:03)

II. Cold War policies led to public debates over the power of the federal government and acceptable means for pursuing international and domestic goals while protecting civil liberties. 

• Lesson Plan: The Red Scare and McCarthyism (7 Clips)

• Video Clip: The Rosenberg Trial (1:17)

• Video Clip: Hollywood & the House Un-American Activities Committee (3:59)

• Bell Ringer: The 1968 Democratic National Convention (4:06)

• Lesson Plan: 1968 in Images (9 Clips)

• Lesson Plan: New York Times v. United States (1971) (9 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The Pentagon Papers and the New York Times Company v. United States (4:12)

• Bell Ringer: Eisenhower and the Military-Industrial Complex (4:20)

• Video Clip: The War Powers Act of 1973 (3:45)

• Bell Ringer: 1956 Suez Crisis (14:52)

• Lesson Plan: The Iran Hostage Crisis (8 Clips)

I. Seeking to fulfill Reconstruction-era promises, civil rights activists and political leaders achieved some legal and political successes in ending segregation, although progress toward racial equality was slow.

• Lesson Plan: Key Events of the Civil Rights Movement (15 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Freedom Summer and Civil Rights in Mississippi (11:25)

• On This Day: Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott (4 Clips)

• Lesson Plan: 1966 James Meredith March Against Fear (5 Clips)

• Lesson Plan: Last Days of Martin Luther King, Jr. (3 Clips)

• On This Day: Little Rock Nine (4 Clips)

• Lesson Plan: The Civil Rights Movement According to John Lewis (10 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Greensboro, North Carolina Sit-Ins (6:16)

• Bell Ringer: Freedom Riders (11:59)

• Lesson Plan: Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s Letter from Birmingham Jail (7 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The 1963 March on Washington (11:49)

• Lesson Plan: Voting Rights Marches in Selma (3 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Music and Civil Rights (5:21)

• Lesson Plan: Brown v. Board of Education (9 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The 1956 Southern Manifesto (6:24)

• Bell Ringer: The Civil Rights Act of 1964 (7:15)

• Bell Ringer: The 24th Amendment (1:04)

• Bell Ringer: Anti-Discrimination Laws and Affirmative Action (5:41)

• Bell Ringer: The Difference Between Legal and De Facto Segregation (4:47)

• On This Day: Watts Riots (4 Clips)

• Video Clip: Civil Rights Groups and Black Power (8:33)

• Bell Ringer: Stokely Carmichael Between 1954 and 1965 (10:42)

• On This Day: Black Panther Party (4 Clips)

II. Responding to social conditions and the African American civil rights movement, a variety of movements emerged that focused on issues of identity, social justice, and the environment.

• Bell Ringer: The Early Life of Betty Friedan (5:49)

• On This Day: Publication of The Feminine Mystique (4 Clips)

• On This Day: The Stonewall Riots (4 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The Impact of the Stonewall Riots (3 Clips)

• Lesson Plan: The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) (9 Clips)

• Lesson Plan: Title IX (7 Clips)

• Lesson Plan: Roe v. Wade (8 Clips)

• On This Day: The Hoover Burglary (4 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The Red Power Movement and Alcatraz (4:43)

• Bell Ringer: Dolores Huerta and the United Farm Workers (4:16)

• Bell Ringer: United Farm Workers Co-Founder Dolores Huerta (8:54)

• Bell Ringer: Chicano Movement (7:47)

• On This Day: Cesar Chavez Day (4 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The Kerner Report (4:32)

• Bell Ringer: History of Smog in Southern California (8:05)

• Bell Ringer: Air Quality Act of 1967 (6:29)

• On This Day: The Creation of the Environmental Protection Agency (4 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Earth Day and Sustainable Development (6:21)

• Bell Ringer: The Purpose of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) (1:52)

III. Liberalism influenced postwar politics and court decisions, but it came under increasing attack from the left as well as from a resurgent conservative movement.

• Bell Ringer: Students for a Democratic Society (8:24)

• Lesson Plan: Politics in 1968 (19 Clips)

• Video Clip: Unrest in the U.S. in 1968 (2:41)

• Lesson Plan: President Lyndon Johnson's Great Society Initiatives (9 Clips)

• Lesson Plan: Engel v. Vitale (1962)

• Bell Ringer: LBJ's Great Society and War on Poverty (6:25)

• Bell Ringer: Medicare and Medicaid Acts of 1965 (5:41)

• Bell Ringer: Omnibus Housing Act of 1965 (5:38)

• On This Day: The Hart-Cellar Act of 1965 (4 Clips)

• Lesson Plan: Miranda v. Arizona (7 Clips)

• On This Day: The Catonsville 9 (5 Clips)

• On This Day: The May 4th Shootings at Kent State (9 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Vietnam War Escalation and the Anti-War Movement (7:14)

• On This Day: The Silent Majority (6 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Stagflation (4:36)

• Lesson Plan: Watergate Scandal and Investigation (9 Clips)

• Video Clip: Executive Privilege and U.S. v. Nixon (3:47)

• Video Clip: President Nixon Resignation (1:56)

• On This Day: President Ford Pardon of Richard Nixon (4 Clips)

• Video Clip: Phyllis Schlafly and the Equal Rights Amendment (1:39)

• Lesson Plan: Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) (10 Clips)

I. Rapid economic and social changes in American society fostered a sense of optimism in the postwar years.

• Bell Ringer: The Evolution of the Middle Class (3:09)

• Bell Ringer: The Expanding Labor Force after World War II (3:25)

• Lesson Plan: The GI Bill (8 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Levittown and Post-World War II Suburbanization (2:54)

• Video Clip: Brief History of the US Space Program (6:16)

• Bell Ringer: The Origins of the American Rocket Program (4:22)

• On This Day: Apollo 8 (4 clips)

• On This Day: Moon Landing (7 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The American Sunbelt as a Geographic Region (2:04)

• Bell Ringer: Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1965 (7:31)

• Bell Ringer: The End of the Bracero Program (1:29)

• Bell Ringer: Late 20th Century US Immigration Trends (3:17)

• Lesson Plan: Counterculture of the 1950s-1960s (6 Clips)

• On This Day: Woodstock Music Festival (3 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Music and the Vietnam War (5:35)

• Bell Ringer: The 26th Amendment (2 Clips)

• Lesson Plan: Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) (8 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The 1968 Election and the Culture Wars (3:43)

I. Conservative beliefs regarding the need for traditional social values and a reduced role for government advanced in U.S. politics after 1980.

• Bell Ringer: Conservatism (2 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Trickle-Down Economics (2 Clips)

• Lesson Plan: 1994 Midterm Elections and The Contract with America (5 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: What Contributes to Budget Deficits? (2:47)

• Bell Ringer: Factors Contributing to the Federal Deficit (4:40)

• Lesson Plan: The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (9 Clips)

• Video Clip: President Obama's 2009 Health Care Address (5:06)

• Bell Ringer: Dodd-Frank Financial Regulations (4:04)

• Lesson Plan: The Impact of Citizens United v. FEC (7 Clips)

• Lesson Plan: The Future of Social Security (9 Clips)

I. New developments in science and technology enhanced the economy and transformed society, while manufacturing decreased.

• On This Day: Creation of the World Wide Web (4 Clips)

• Lesson Plan: Development of Silicon Valley (7 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Computer History (10:51)

• Bell Ringer: Globalization and the Interdependence of Governments (3:54)

• Bell Ringer: Facebook and Mark Zuckerberg (3:16)

• On This Day: WikiLeaks Release (5 Clips)

• Video Clip: President Obama on Keystone XL Pipeline (9:00)

• Lesson Plan: The Coal Industry (7 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Fracking (4:19)

• Bell Ringer: Technology and the Workforce (5:40)

• Bell Ringer: The Impact of Technology on the Workforce (6:51)

• Bell Ringer: Labor Unions and Right-to-Work Laws (2 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Stagflation and the Early 1980s Recession (4:36)

• On This Day: 2008 Financial Crisis (9 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The Causes of the 2008 Financial Crisis (4:06)

• Bell Ringer: The Founding of the Tea Party Patriots (1:51)

• Lesson Plan: The Tea Party Movement (16 Clips)

• Video Clip: Occupy Wall Street Vignette (24:30)

• Lesson Plan: Changing American Demographics (12 Clips)

II. The U.S. population continued to undergo demographic shifts that had significant cultural and political consequences.

• Bell Ringer: Growth of Cities (3:45)

• Bell Ringer: The Republican Party and Blue Collar Conservatism (4:17)

• Lesson Plan: Political Polarization (7 Clips)

I. The Reagan administration promoted an interventionist foreign policy that continued in later administrations, even after the end of the Cold War.

• On This Day: The U.S. Invasion of Grenada (6 Clips)

• On This Day: President Reagan Demands Demolition of the Berlin Wall (2 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Soviet Media's Portrayal of the United States (6:47)

• Bell Ringer: Glasnost and Perestroika (2 Clips)

• On This Day: Iran-Contra (6 Clips)

• On This Day: Fall of the Berlin Wall (6:28)

• Video Clip: The End of the Cold War (1:39)

• On This Day: Operation Desert Shield and the beginning of the Gulf War (5 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Operation Desert Storm (7:00)

• Bell Ringer: The Changing Dynamics of the International Cooperation (2:15)

II. Following the attacks of September 11, 2001, U.S. foreign policy efforts focused on fighting terrorism around the world.

• On This Day: September 11, 2001 (11 Clips)

• On This Day: The Establishment of the Department of Homeland Security (4 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The War on Terror (4:13)

• Bell Ringer: Ethnic Divisions in Afghanistan and U.S. Foreign Policy (4:02)

• On This Day: U.S.A. P.A.T.R.I.O.T. Act (6 Clips)

• On This Day: Iraq War (8 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: The Decision to Invade Iraq (6:21)

• Bell Ringer: Ethnic Divisions and the Struggle for Democracy in Iraq (4:04)

• Video Clip: The Bush Doctrine (4:29)

• On This Day: Capture of Saddam Hussein (5 Clips)

• Bell Ringer: Guantanamo Bay Detainees (3:02)

• Bell Ringer: The History and Rise of ISIS (4:55)