WETLAND

Shoreline wetlands are unique, transitional ecosystems situated between deep water areas and dry uplands. Soil is submerged or saturated with water for most of the year, which promotes aquatic and terrestrial life¹⁸. Swamps, bogs, ponds, wet meadows, and marshes are all types of wetlands; these provide several ecosystem services, including erosion control, groundwater protection, storm and flood water collection, and nutrient sequestration. They also provide vital habitat for endangered species, opportunities for research, and recreational value. Wetlands are excellent locations for bird watching, fishing, and photography¹⁹.

More than 35% of Vermont’s original wetlands have been lost to habitat alteration across the state²⁰. The most common and damaging of these alterations is the draining of wetlands for human agriculture and infrastructure. Waterfront development (bike path, residential, and commercial infrastructure) and nutrient rich runoff threaten shoreline wetland stability along Lake Champlain. Highway construction of Route 127 and pollution significantly altered wetlands around and along the Winooski River²¹.