28. Future and future perfect

28.1 Answer the following using "going to" (elementary).

This is a very common way of expressing "futurity"

1. What are you going to do now?
2. When are we going to finish this book?When is Mr x going to start work
3. What are you going to do after the lesson?
4. Where are we going to keep the chalk and duster?
5. When are you going to have your next English lesson?
6. Ask X if he/she is going to watch TV tonight?
7. Are we going to read Treasure Island?
8. Ask Y if he (she) is going to walk home or take a bus.
9. What are we going to have for dinner?? etc. etc.

28.2 Using "shall" (first person) or "will" (second and third person) to express the "pure" future (elementary)

1. Will you have time to do an exercise this week?
2. When will it get dark this evening?
3. Will X come to the cinema with me if I ask him/her?
4. When will you be here again?
5. How'll you get home?
6. Will you be here again?
7. Will you soon know English well?
8. Will you remember these sentences next lesson?
9. Shall I see you next lesson?
10. How will you come to your next English lesson? etc etc.

28.3 Put the following into the FUTURE simple, using the short form in negative sentences (elementary).

Note that must has the future form shall or will. Don't use going to in the answers - although it would often be valid.

1. We always ask that question.
2. You never answer me correctly without the help of the book.
3. I never believe you.
4. You don't understand it.
5. I don't buy cheap things.
6. He never cleans his own shoes.
7. It doesn't cost very much.
8. We don't do any homework in the class.
9. Why doesn't she drink her cocoa?
10. I eat an orange every day.
11. He feels ill.
12. I never have much money.
13. You grow fatter every day.
14. It doesn't hurt you.
15. I know the answer now. (Tomorrow ...)
16. He can swim (After six lessons ..)
17. I never look as pretty as her.
18. You must work harder.
19. I must read more books.
20. He doesn't like it at all.

28.4 Replace the time expression in bold with a future form and repeat a) with shall/will and b) going to.

1. My sister cleaned my room yesterday
2. We've already climbed the mountain.
3. The came here last year, didn't they.
4. It didn't cost so much a week ago.
5. He cut you a bigger piece of cake last time.
6. They didn't do any business with us in 1970.
7. Prices have gone up during the last few weeks.
8. Did he take you with him to the zoo last time?
9. I have been very busy today.
10. He had a tooth pulled out yesterday.
11. He looked for you at the part last night.
12. Cyril hasn't shaved since yesterday.
13. I saw the queen three days ago.
14. We took our examinations in 1972.
15. Did we go out yesterday afternoon?
16. He stayed at home till six o'clock.
17. They haven't paid me since March.
18. Did Maisie know what to do?
19. Have you written to him since?
20. We didn't have time to see them all.

Note - most of these (except 18 - where it is difficult to have an "intention") sound better with "going to" - Why?

28.6 Change the following into the "going to" form (intermediate)

Remember that "going to" usually implies greater intention or certainty - and is more usually used with people.

1. She'lll be married this spring.
2. The strong man will lift all these weights above his head.
3. I'll practise the violin all the afternoon.
4. I know you will like my music.
5. What! You won't come home this afternoon?
6. I won't be treated like that!
7. You wont get a ticket for my next concert.
8. Cyril will walk home with me tonight.
9. Maisie will sew on my buttons for me.
10. The sun will shine in a minute.
11. I won't spenmd a penny more.
12. Will you be gone long?
13. Won't you kiss me 'good night'
14. He'll give me a present for my birthday.
15. I think I shall have a cold.
16. Ther ewill be a storm soon.
17. Won't you have something to drink.
18. We shall get a new gardener today.
19. He will cut the grass this afternoon.
20. I shall buy some cream cakes for tea.

28.8 Using the adverbial phrase turn the following into the FUTURE CONTINUOUS

One activity is continuing at a given future time

1. What are you doing? [in ten years time].
2. He is sleeping [ at four o'clock].
3. She is doing her homework [after supper].
4. It's raining [when you come back].
5. I'm still mending the chair [at seven o'clock].
6. She is talking [for al least another three hours].
7. I'm waiting for you [at the usual time].
8. We're listening to you [at the concert].
9. Sh's making tea [about then].
10. He's travelling [all night].
11. I'm doing the washing [tomorrow morning].
12. They're studying English [from 6 till 8].
13. He's writing to her [at tea-time].
14. You're swimming in the sea [this time next week].
15. We're working very hard [in the autumn].

28.11 Make questions from the following a) making a request b) making a polite query.

e.g. You are going to see him tomorrow. a) Will you (please) see him tomorrow, b) Will you be seeing him tomorrow.

1. You are going to do the washing tomorrow.
2. You will come to see me soon.
3. You are going to see to it this evening.
4. Use this one!
5. You are going to have an early breakfast.
6. Have the house painted white.
7. You are going to do it again.
8. You will make all the arrangements.
9. Look after the baby for her!
10. You are going to post these letters soon. etc. etc.

28.15 Read the following with the suggested alternatives to the future tense (advanced).

1. They won't answer my questions (refuse).
2. When will you pay me for my services (intend).
3. We shall have wine to drink and good things to eat (promise, passive).
4. If he wont shave before breakfast (choose), I wont speak to him (want).
5. Will he listen to my singing, do you think (like).
6. Do you think they will follow us all the way home (mean).
7. When will you learn English properly (intend).
8. I'll have it done now (want). I won't be kept waiting.
9. You shall have time to think it over (promise).
10. He'll have his own way in the end (intend); he won't listen to us (refuse).
11. We shall visit all the sights of London (hope).
12. Why wont he have any dealings with you (refuse).
13. I shall be in Bournemouth this time next week (hope).
14. They will buy up all the land they can lay their hands upon (intend).
15. She will go shopping tomorrow (want). Will you go too (mean).

28.17 Add a temporal conjunction (not "if") (elementary)

1. He will stay here ___ you come.
2. I'll come and see you ___ I have time.
3. We shall be ready ____ you are.
4. ____ you come tomorrow, I will give you a new book.
5. ___ show me their homework, I will correct it.
6. We shall go ___ he is ready.
7. She will speak to you _____ you come in.
8. You must wait ____ the light changes to green
9. I'll write to you ___ I leave ENgland
10. He will remain in the south _____ cold weather lasts.
11. These brave men will fight _____ they die.
12. ____ I live, I shall always remember his face.
13. You will be able to play the piano ____ you like.
14. They will not climb the hill ____ the moon rises.
15. Don't buy bananas ____ they become cheaper.
16. We must buy some shirts ____ they become dearer.
17. The coat will lose its colour ___ it's washed.
18. He will sell the cloth ___ the price rises.
19. I shall wait ____ the price falls.
20. The corn will grow quickly ____ the rain comes.

28.19 Supply a suitable tense for the verbs in brackets (intermediate).

1. Don't get off the bus till it (stop).
2. You will be amazed when you (see) the view.
3. Let's go to a café when the concert (be) over.
4. You had better wait until the police (come).
5. I (have) a suit made as soon as I arrive in London.
6. Cyril says he won't go to bed until I (kiss) him good night.
7. I wont play cards with you again till you (stop) cheating.
8. You won't forget to lock up the house before you (go) out , will you.
9. I'll come and see you before I (leave) for England.
10. I can't express an opinion until I (know) the facts.
11. We must wait until the waiter (bring) the coffee.
12. I don't think he (phone) before he arrives.
13. My little boy will go to primary school until he (be) eleven years old.
14. You can stay at home and cook my lunch while I (go) to the club.
15. I shall expect it to be ready as soon as I (come) in.
16. Do you think Maisie well sew my buttons on for me when they (come) off.
17. I (not move) from here until you get back.
18. You'll know him when you (see) him.
19. You (have to) explain to Cyril as soson as he arrives home.
20. Maisie (not believe) me till I show her the ring.

28.20 Supply a suitable tense for the verbs in brackets (intermediate).

1. By next June he (write) his second novel.
2. Before his next visit here he (return) from a world tour.
3. Before you go to see them, they (leave) the country.
4. He (finish) this work before you leave.
5. By the end of the summer he (teach) us to speak English.
6. By this time next week you (meet) my friend Cyril.
7. When you come back he already (buy) the house.
8. The meeting (finish) by the time we get there.
9. By next month he (sell) all his furniture.
10. In 2020 he (be) dead for 10 years.
11. By next Sunday you (stay) with us for five weeks.
12. He (take) his examination by his next birthday.
13. By the end of this year he (fly) more than a million miles.
14. I hope, when you have finished this exercise, you (wont make) many mistakes in it.
15. The horse race (start) before we even leave home.
16. I hope it (stop) raining by five o'clock.
17. I (Finish) long before you get back.
18. I expect Maisie (grow up) by the time I return to England.
19. If we don't get there before seven, they (eat and drink) everything.
20. I hope you (not forget) all this by tomorrow!

28.21 put the verb in brackets into a suitable tense (intermediate)

1. I'll wait until he (write) his next novel.
2. Don't come until I (finish) lunch.
3. I shall probably want to see the book before he (finish) it.
4. We (not find) our seats until the concert has begun.
5. When I (be) in this country for ten years, I shall write a book.
6. They (not plant) the cotton until the corn has been cut.
7. The river will not begin to rise until some rain (fall).
8. As soon as Cyril (spend) that money he will try to borrow some more.
9. You mustn't get up until your temperature (goes down).
10. You'd better stay in until you (get rid of) that cough.
11. We can't leave the country until we (eat) our lunch.
12. The country (look) quite different when the leaves have fallen.
13. Until the snow (go), the train will not be able to move.
14. When I (learn) a thousand English words, shall I be able to read a newspaper?
15. Don't ask for another book until you (finish) this one.
16. When Maisie and I (be) married for twenty-five years, we are going for a world tour.
17. They wont come home until they (see) everything.
18. Sit down, and when you (rest). I'll show you the garden.
19. As soon as he (save) £10,000 he will retire from business.
20. Come again when the machine (be cleaned).