This chapter has tried to distinguish Arab countries that are winners and losers based on socioeconomic reform progress. We found that this matter was unsettled as the countries differed in their development according to their capital and human resources and the nature of the program applied in them, in addition to the quality of the governance that managed the reform program itself. The chapter also has identified the main determinants that played a central role in disrupting regional reform efforts. The analysis has shown that the old model of Arab economies is no longer sustainable, and inclusive reform programs are required for every country in the region. Arab societies should be much more open, political institutions should be more accountable and transparent, and economies should be more integrated with international markets and less dependent on state ownership.

Citation

Abdelbary, I. (2021), "Winners and Losers of Arab Reforms", Reviving Arab Reform: Development Challenges and Opportunities, Emerald Publishing Limited, pp. 115-125. https://0810bj2yb-1106-y-https-doi-org.mplbci.ekb.eg/10.1108/978-1-83982-318-320211009