Debates over imperialism
The Progressive movement
World War I
Innovations in communications and technology in the 1920s
The Great Depression and the New Deal
World War II
Postwar diplomacy
🟢 1913 16th and 17th Amendments
🔵 1914-1918 World War I
⭐ 1917 U.S. enters World War I
⭐ 1920 19th Amendment
🔵 1921 Tulsa Riot
1929 Stock Market Crash
⭐ December 7, 1941 Attack on Pearl Harbor
1939 Beginning of WWII in Europe
🟢 June 6, 1944 D-Day; Allied Invasion of Normandy France
September 2, 1945 End of World War II
Insular Cases
USS Maine
🟢 Open Door Policy
Alfred T. Mahan
Josiah Strong
🟢 Yellow Press
🟢 Platt Amendment
🔵 Muckrakers
🔵 Scientific Management
🟢 Birth Control Movement/Margaret Sanger
Muller v. Oregon
🟢 Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
⭐ Upton Sinclair, The Jungle
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
John Muir
Eugene v. Debs
🔵 18th Amendment
Lusitania
⭐ Zimmerman Telegram
🟢 Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points
🔵 Selective Service Act
Committee on Public Information
🟢 Espionage Act
🟢 Sedition Act
⭐ NAACP
Marcus Garvey
⭐ Red Scare
Mitchel Palmer / Palmer Raid
🔵 Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
American Expeditionary Force
🟢 League of Nations
🔵 Schenck v United States
National Origins Act of 1924
🟢 Great Migration
Tulsa Race Riot
🟢 Scopes Trial 1925
🔵 Sacco and Vanzetti
Flapper
16th and 17th Amendments: 16th Amendment gave Congress power to tax individuals on their personal income. 17th Amendment gave the people a more direct voice in government by allowing them to elect Senators to represent their states.
World War I: A global conflict involving most world powers divided into two opposing alliances, Allied v. Central powers.
U.S. Enters World War I: The entry of the United States was the turning point of the war because it made the eventual defeat of Germany possible. It had been foreseen that if the United States went to war, the Allies' military effort against Germany would be upheld by U.S. supplies and by enormous extensions of credit.
19th Amendment: It declares "the right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex".
Tulsa Riot: A large-scale, racially motivated conflict in which a group of white people attacked the black community of Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Stock Market Crash: The steep fall in the prices of stocks due to widespread financial panic. It was caused by stock brokers who called in the loans they had made to stock investors.
Attack on Pearl Harbor: A surprise military strike conducted by the Imperial Japanese Navy against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The attack led to the United States' entry into World War II.
Beginning of WWII in Europe: Germany invades Poland, initiating World War II in Europe. September 3, 1939 Honoring their guarantee of Poland's borders, Great Britain and France declare war on Germany.
D-Day; Allied Invasion of Normandy France: The day that the combined Allied armies led a massive invasion on the beaches of Normandy, France. The assault involved millions of troops and workers and led to the liberation of France, and the ultimate end to the war.
End of World War II: Roosevelt is known for ending World War II by authorizing the use of atomic bombs on Japan. Japanese officials signed the surrender documents abroad the battleship USS Missouri at Tokyo Bay, Japan.
Definition: Determined that inhabitants of U.S. territories had some, but not all, of the rights of U.S. citizens.
Significance: During the expansion of the U.S. into new territories it was argued on whether the constitution should follow the flag.
Definition: Ship that exploded off the coast of Cuba in Havana harbor.
Significance: It helped contribute to the start of the Spanish-Am
Definition: A policy proposed by the U.S. in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.
Significance: It established an international protocol for equal privileges for trading with China.
Definition: Author who argued in 1890 that the economic future of the United States rested on new overseas markets protected by a larger navy. Wrote "The Influence of Sea Power Upon History".
Significance: He was one of the foremost proponents of foreign policy.
Definition: A popular American minister in the late 1800s who linked Anglo-Saxonism to Christian missionary ideas.
Significance: He was a leader of the Social Gospel movement calling for social justice and combating social evils.
Definition: Newspapers that used sensational headlines and exaggerated stories in order to promote readership.
Significance: Helped push the United States and Spain into war with Cuba and the Philippines.
Definition: Legislation that severely restricted Cuba's sovereignty and gave the U.S. the right to intervene if Cuba got into trouble.
Significance: It attempted to protect Cuba's independence from foreign intervention.
Definition: Journalists who attempted to find corruption or wrongdoing in industries and expose it to the public.
Significance: Their work influenced the passage of key legislation that strengthened protection for workers and consumers.
Definition: The application of scientific principles to increase efficiency in the workplace.
Significance: Improved economic efficiency especially in labor production and increased productivity in many businesses.
Definition: Spoke out against Comstock laws, arguing the contraception improved quality of life, reduced poverty, and prevented abortions.
Significance: She was the founder of birth control and is an international leader of the field.
Definition: First case to use the "Brandeis brief"; recognized a 10-hour work day for women laundry workers on the grounds of health and community concerns.
Significance: It was one of the most important Supreme Court cases of the Progressive Era.
Definition: This law forbade the manufacture or transport or sale of mislabeled or adulterated food or drugs and poisonous patent medicines and gave the government broad powers to ensure the safety and efficacy of drugs in order to abolish the "patent" drug trade.
Significance: It paved the way for the eventual creation of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) still in existence as the FDA.
Definition: The author who wrote a book about the horror of food productions in 1906, the bad quality of meat and the dangerous working conditions.
Significance: Eventually led to the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act.
Definition: March 1911 fire in New York factory that trapped young women workers inside locked exit doors; nearly 50 ended up jumping to their death; while 100 died inside the factory.
Significance: This led to the establishment of many factory reforms, including increasing safety precautions for workers.
Definition: (1838-1914) Naturalist who believed the wilderness should be preserved in its natural state.
Significance: He was largely responsible for the creation of Yosemite National Park in California.
Definition: Head of the American Railway Union and director of the Pullman strike; he was imprisoned along with his associates for ignoring a federal court injunction to stop striking.
Significance: While in prison, he read Socialist literature and emerged as a Socialist leader in America.
Definition: Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages.
Significance: It brought about the Prohibition Era of the United States.
Definition: A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died.
Significance: The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war.
Definition: March 1917. Send from German Foreign Secretary, addressed to German minister in Mexico City. Mexico should attack the U.S. if U.S. goes to war with Germany (needed that advantage due to Mexico's proximity to the U.S.). In return, Germany would give back Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, etc. to Mexico.
Significance: It was the tipping point persuading the U.S. to join the war.
Definition: The President's vision for U.S. involvement to promote principles such as peace in the post war world.
Significance: They were taken as the basis for peace negotiations at the end of World War I.
Definition: Law passed by Congress in 1917 that required all men from ages 21 to 30 to register for the military draft.
Significance: Authorized the federal government to temporarily expand the military.
Definition: It was headed by George Creel. The purpose of this committee was to mobilize peoples' minds for war, both in America and abroad. Tried to get the entire U.S public to support U.S. involvement in WWI. Creel's organization employed some 150,000 workers at home and overseas.
Significance: He proved that words were indeed weapons and influenced public opinions to support the war.
Definition: This law, passed after the United States entered WWI, imposed sentences of up to twenty years on anyone found guilty of aiding the enemy, obstructing recruitment of soldiers, or encouraging disloyalty.
Significance: It allowed the postmaster general to remove from the mail any materials that incited treason or insurrection.
Definition: Made it a crime to write, print, utter, or publish criticism of the president of government.
Significance: It curtailed the free speech rights of U.S. citizens.
Definition: (National Association of the Advancement of Colored People) Interracial organization founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination and to achieve political and civil rights for African Americans.
Significance: It overturned the "separate but equal" doctrine.
Definition: African American leader during the 1920s who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated mass migration of African Americans back to Africa. Was deported to Jamaica in 1927.
Significance: He was able to stress black pride, radical unity of African Americans, and the need to redeem Africa from white rule.
Definition: A brief wave of fear over the possible influence of Socialists/Bolsheviks in American life.
Significance: Led to massive political persecution, scapegoating, and the ousting of those in government positions to connections to communism.
Definition: A 1920 operation coordinated by Attorney General Mitchel Palmer in which federal marshals raided the homes of suspected radicals and the headquarters of radical organization in 32 cities.
Significance: Gained valuable experience in terrorism investigations and intelligence work.
Definition: A type of naval warfare in which submarines sink vessels such as freighters and tankers without warning.
Significance: It was one of the causes of America's entry into World War I.
Definition: About 2 million Americans went to France as members of this under General John J. Pershing. Included the regular army, the National Guard, and the new larger force of volunteers and draftees and they served as individuals.
Significance: Helped turn the tide in favor of Britain and France.
Definition: An international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations.
Significance: It was the first organization formed to promote this and avoided future wars.
Definition: A 1919 decision upholding the conviction of a socialist who had urged young men to resist the draft during World War I.
Significance: Justice Holmes declare that government can limit speech if the speech provokes a "clear and present danger" of substantive evils.
Definition: A law that severely restricted immigration by establishing a system of national quotas that blatantly discriminated against immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe and virtually excluded Asians. The policy stayed in effect until the 1960s.
Significance: It was intended to set back immigration and targeted specific nationalities.
Definition: Movement of over 300,000 African Americans from the rural South into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920.
Significance: Eventually led to the American Civil Rights movement.
Definition: Racial battle that killed many and burned some of the city.
Significance: It was one of the worst incidents of racial violence in American history.
Definition: Tennessee legal case involving the teaching of evolution in public schools. Scopes, a biology teacher, was tried for teaching Darwinism in public school. Clarence Darrow was one of Scopes' attorneys, while William Jennings Bryan, a leading Christian fundamentalist, aided the state prosecutor. Darrow put Bryan on the stand and sharply questions Bryan on the latter's literal interpretation as appropriate for science class. Bryan was humiliated and died a few days after the trial. Scopes was convicted.
Significance: It represents a dramatic clash between traditional and modern values in American education.
Definition: Italian radicals who became symbols of the Red Scare of the 1920s; arrested (1920), tried and executed (1927) for a robbery/murder, they were believed by many to have been innocent but convicted because of their immigrant status and radical political beliefs.
Significance: It revealed the rise of nativism and xenophobia in the U.S. along with raising fundamental questions of our political and social system.
Definition: Young women of the 1920s that behaved and dressed in a radical fashion.
Significance: They pushed barriers to economic, political, and sexual freedom for women.
16th is income tax and 17th is direct election of senators.
Global conflict of Allied Powers v. Central Powers.
Was a turning point because it made the eventual defeat of Germany possible.
Women's right to vote.
Racially motivated conflict in which a Black community was targeted.
Stock prices fell due to widespread financial panic.
Military strike conducted by Japan against a U.S. naval base. Led to the entry of U.S. into World War I.
Germany invaded Poland.
All Allied armies led a massive invasion on Normandy. Led to the liberation of France and the end of the war.
Roosevelt used an atomic bomb on Japan. Japanese officials surrendered.
Inhabitants of U.S. territories only had some of the U.S. citizen rights.
Ship that exploded off the coast of Cuba
All nations would have equal opportunity to trade in China.
Wrote "The Influence of Sea Power Upon History" and led foreign policy.
Linked Anglo-Saxonism to Christian missionary ideas and was a leader in the Social Gospel movement.
Writers used exaggerated stories to promote readership which pushed into the war with Cuba and the Philippines.
Restricted Cuba's sovereignty and allowed U.S. to intervene if Cuba was in trouble.
Journalists who tried to find corruption to expose.
Application of scientific principles to increase workplace efficiency.
Founded birth control and argued that contraceptives improved quality of life, reduced poverty, and prevented abortions.
Recognized a 10-hour work day for women and was one of the most important Supreme Court cases of the Progressive Era.
Paved the way for the eventual creation of the FDA.
Book about the horror of food production, the bad quality of meat, and dangerous working conditions.
Factory fire that trapped young women workers led to many deaths and established factory reforms including increasing safety precautions for workers.
Believed the wilderness should be preserved and was responsible for the creation of Yosemite National Park.
Head of American Railway Union and he was imprisoned. After prison he emerged as a Socialist leader in America.
Prohibited alcohol which brought upon the Prohibition Era.
British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-boat and turned American opinion against the Germans.
Message sent to Mexico from Germany to attack U.S. if they attacked Germany and they would return Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and others to Mexico. Tipping point for U.S. to join the war.
Wilson's vision for U.S. involvement to promote principles of peace post war. These were taken as a basis for peace negotiations.
Required all men ages 21-30 to register for the draft which allowed them to expand the military.
Made to mobilize peoples' minds for war. Tried to gain more support for the war.
Sentences anyone found guilty of aiding the enemy. Allowed for the removal of mail that contained treason or insurrection.
Made it a crime to criticize the government.
Made to abolish segregation and discrimination and to achieve political and civil rights for African Americans. Overturned "separate but equal" doctrine.
Founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated for mass migration back to Africa.
Wave of fear over the possible influence of communism in American life.
Federal marshals raided the homes of suspected radicals and the headquarters of radical organization. Gained experience in terrorism investigation.
Naval warfare in which submarines sink vessels without warning. Was one of the causes of America's entry into World War I.
Helped turn the tide in favor of Britain and France.
International organization to promote cooperation and peace among nations. Avoided future wars.
Declared that government can limit speech if the speech provokes a "clear and present danger".
Severely restricted immigration through quotas that blatantly discriminated against immigrants.
Movement of African Americans from the rural South into Northern cities.
Racial battle that killed many and burned some of the city. It was one of the worst incidents of racial violence.
Biology teacher was tried for teaching Darwinism in public school. He was convicted. It represents a clash between traditional and modern values in American education.
Italian radicals who were symbols of the Red Scare and were convicted because of their immigrant status and radical political beliefs. It revealed the rise of nativism and xenophobia.
Young women of the 20s that behaved and dressed in a radical fashion. Pushed barriers to economic, political, and sexual freedom for women.