The settlement of the West
The "New South"
The ride of industrial capitalism
Immigration and migration
Reform movements
Debates over the role of government
🔵 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act
1886 Haymarket Square Riot
⭐ 1898 Spanish-American War
⭐ Plessy v. Ferguson
🟢 Dawes Act
Ghost Dance
Granger Movement
⭐ Sharecropping
🟢 Homestead Act
⭐ Transcontinental Railroad
🔵 Reservation System
🔵 Turner Thesis
⭐ Jim Crow Laws
Ida B. Wells
Booker T. Washington
Bessemer Process
⭐ Gilded Age
⭐ John D. Rockefeller
⭐ Andrew Carnegie
🔵 Gospel of Wealth
⭐ Social Darwinism
Vertical Integration
Horizontal Integration
🟢 Captain of Industry
🟢 Robber Barons
Chinese Exclusion Act: A set of laws that barred Chinese immigration for 10 years and prevented Chinese already in the country from becoming citizens.
Haymarket Square Riot: A violent confrontation between police and labor protesters in Chicago. It resulted in several deaths and injuries after someone threw a bomb into the crowd.
Spanish-American War: The war was sparked by the sinking of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor and the desire of the U.S. to expand its influence in the Caribbean and Pacific.
Definition: Legalized segregation in publicly owned facilities on the basis of "separate but equal."
Significance: Upheld the principle of racial segregation over the next half-century.
Definition: 1887 law which gave all Native American males 160 acres to farm and also set up schools to make Native American children more like other Americans
Significance: Effectively ended the autonomy of the tribes by abolishing their communal governments.
Definition: A ritual the Sioux performed to bring back the buffalo and return the Native American tribes to their land.
Significance: The last effort of Native Americans to resist U.S. domination and drive whites from their ancestral lands.
Definition: The agrarian movement organized in the 1870s as a protest against railroad power over the farmers.
Significance: Represents a time when Americans were exploring new social, political, and economic options.
Definition: A system used on Southern farms after the Civil War in which farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a small portion of the crops.
Significance: As cash was scarce, the system of sharecropping arose to meet the need of white landowners of labor for land cultivation, and the needs of poor farmers of all races for physical and economic survival.
Definition: 1862- Provided free land in the West to anyone willing to settle there and develop it. Encouraged Westward migration.
Significance: Led to the rapid development of the American West after the Civil War.
Definition: Completed in 1869 at Promontory, Utah, it linked the Eastern railroad system with California's railroad system, revolutionizing transportation in the West.
Significance: Physically bound the West Coast to the Union, and also interconnected all Americans, in that travel and transport of goods became more efficient.
Definition: The system that allotted land with designated boundaries to Native American tribes in the West, beginning in the 1850s and ending with the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887. Within these reservations, most land was used communally, rather than owned individually. The U.S. government encouraged and sometimes violently coerced Native Americans to stay on the reservations at all times.
Significance: Created to keep Native Americans off of lands that Americans wished to settle. Allowed indigenous people to govern themselves and to maintain some of their cultural and social traditions.
Definition: Theory that claimed that the frontier had played a key role in forming the American character.
Significance: Concluded that the West (Frontier) personified the story of America.
Definition: Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites.
Significance: Such laws remained in force until 1965.
Definition: African American journalist. Published statistics about lynching, urged African Americans to protest by refusing to ride streetcars or shop in white owned stores.
Significance: Led an anti-lynching crusade in the Unites States in the 1890s.
Definition: African American progressive who supported segregation and demanded that African American better themselves individually to achieve equality.
Significance: He advocated for vocational education for African Americans as a mean to improve their economic status, while not directly challenging segregation.
Definition: A way to manufacture steel quickly and cheaply by blasting hot air through melted iron to quickly remove impurities.
Significance: Revolutionized steel manufacture by decreasing its cost by about 80%.
Definition: 1870s - 19890s; time period looked good on the outside, despite the corrupt politics and growing gap between rich and poor.
Significance: Significant economic growth and prosperity.
Definition: Was an American industrialist and philanthropist.
Significance: Revolutionized the petroleum industry and defined the structure of modern philanthropy.
Definition: A Scottish-born American industrialist and philanthropist who founded the Carnegie Steel Company in 1892. By 1901, his company dominated the American steel industry.
Significance: Set the standard for new steel mills.
Definition: This was a book written by Carnegie that described the responsibility of the rich to be philanthropists. This softened the harshness of Social Darwinism as well as promoted the idea of philanthropy.
Significance: Argued that excess wealth should be used to benefit society.
Definition: The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion.
Significance: Held that the wealthy and powerful were naturally superior and deserved their success.
Definition: Practice where a single entity controls the entire process of a product, from the raw materials to distribution.
Significance: This makes supplied more reliable and improved efficiency.
Definition: Owning all like businesses buying out competition.
Significance: Allowed companies to make more profit and gain more from their production.
Definition: A business leader whose means of amassing a personal fortune contributes positively to the country in some way.
Significance: Ingenious and industrious leaders who transformed the American economy with their business skills.
Definition: Refers to the industrialist or big business owners who gained huge profits by paying their employees extremely low wages. They also drove their competitors out of business by selling their products cheaper than it cost to produce it. Then when they controlled the marker, they hiked prices high above original price.
Significance: Transformed the wealth of the American frontier into vast financial empires, amassing their fortunes by monopolizing essential industries.
Barred Chinese immigration and prevented the Chinese from becoming citizens.
Violent confrontation between police and labor protestors that resulted in deaths from a bomb thrown into the crowd.
Sparked by the sinking of USS Main and the desire to expand its influence.
Legalized segregation and set the basis of "separate but equal".
Gave Native American males 160 acres of land and set up schools for assimilation.
A ritual as a last effort of Native Americans to resist U.S. assimilation.
Protest against railroad power over the farmers.
Used after Civil War in which farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a portion of crops.
Provided free land for anyone willing to settle and develop it which encouraged Westward migration.
Physically bounded the West Coast to the Union and transport became more efficient.
Created to keep Native Americans off of lands that Americans wished to settle.
Theory that claimed that without the frontier Americans are nothing.
Laws designated to enforced segregation.
Led an anti-lynching crusade in the United States.
Supported segregation and demanded that African Americans better themselves individually.
Revolutionized steel manufacture by decreasing its cost.
Significant economic growth but it was very corrupted.
Revolutionized the petroleum industry and defined modern philanthropy.
Set the standard for new steel mills.
Written by Carnegie in which he argued that excess wealth should be used to benefit society.
Used as a justification for them imperial expansion.
Made supplies more reliable and improved efficiency.
Allowed companies to make more profit and gain more.
Their personal fortune contributes positively to the country in some way.
Big business owners who gained huge profits by paying their employees extremely low wages.