The rise of political parties
American foreign policy
Innovations in technology, agriculture, and business
Debates about federal power
The Second Great Awakening
Reform movements
The experience of African Americans
1803 Louisiana Purchase
🔵 1807 Robert Fulton's Steamboat
1812-1814 War of 1812
⭐ 1820 Missouri Compromise
🔵 1825 Erie Canal Opens
1828 Election of Andrew Jackson
🟢 1831 Nat Turner's Rebellion
1836 Texas Independence
⭐ 1838 British Ban on Slavery
🟢 1846-1848 Mexican-American War
⭐ 1848 Seneca Falls Convention
Cotton Gin
🟢 Interchangeable Parts
McCormick Reaper
Mill Girls
Lowell System
⭐ 2nd Great Awakening
Cult of Domesticity
🔵 American System
🟢 Nativism
Worcester v. Georgia
⭐ Second Bank of the United States
Missouri Compromise
🟢Monroe Doctrine
Whig Party
Democratic Party
Nullification Crisis
🟢 Indian Removal Act
⭐ Bank War
Pet Banks
Panic of 1837
🟢 Paternalism
🔵 Slave Religion
🔵 Underground Railroad
Louisiana Purchase: U.S. acquisition of the Louisiana territory from France in 1803 for $15 million. The purchase secured American control of the Mississippi river and doubled the size of the nation.
Robert Fulton's Steamboat: American engineer and inventor, he built the first commercially successful full-sized steamboat, the Clermont, which lead to the development of commercial steamboat ferry services for goods and people.
War of 1812: A military conflict fought between the United States and Great Britain. The war was sparked by a variety of issues, including British interference with American trade and the impressment of American sailors by the British Navy.
Missouri Compromise: Missouri wanted to join the Union as a slave state, therefore unbalancing the Union so there would be more slave states than free states. The compromise set it up so that Maine joined as a free state and Missouri joined as a slave state.
Erie Canal Opens: A canal between the New York cities of Albany and Buffalo. The canal, considered a marvel of the modern world at the time, allowed Western farmers to ship surplus crops to sell in the North and allowed Northern manufacturers to ship finished goods to sell in the West.
Election of Andrew Jackson: This election saw a significant increase in voter turnout and was characterized by intense political campaigning and personal attacks on the candidates and their families.
Nat Turner's Rebellion: Rebellion in which Nat Turner led a group of slaves through Virginia in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow and kill planter families. Lasting impact on whites: fear of their own Nat Turner = tightening of grip on slavery.
Texas Independence: An independent sovereign country in Norther America. It was formed as a separate nation after gaining independence from Mexico during the Texas War for Independence.
British Ban on Slavery: Merchants began to demand an end to the monopolies on the British market held by the Caribbean colonies and pushed instead for free trade. The persistent struggles of enslaved Africans and a growing fear of slave uprisings among plantation owners were another major factor.
Mexican-American War: The war was sparked by a dispute over the annexation of Texas by the United States and a long-standing dispute over the border between Texas and Mexico.
Seneca Falls Convention: Took place in upper state New York. Women of all ages and even some men went to discuss the rights and conditions of women, There, they wrote the Declaration of Sentiments, in which among other things, tried to get women the right to vote.
Definition: A machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers, invented by Eli Whitney in 1793.
Significance: Made cotton more profitable and in turn increased the demand for slave labor.
Definition: Identical components that can be used in place of one another in manufacturing.
Significance: Eased the ability to use machinery and the ability to produce and repair the machines became more efficient.
Definition: (1831) Mechanized the harvest of grains, such as wheat, allowing farmers to cultivate larger plots.
Significance: The introduction of the reaper in the 1830s fueled the establishment of large-scale commercial agriculture in the Midwest.
Definition: Women who worked at textile mills who were thus given new freedoms and independence not seen before.
Significance: It created the first union of working women in American history.
Definition: Dormitories for young women where they were cared for, fed, and sheltered in return for cheap labor, mill towns, homes for workers to live in around the mills.
Significance: Changed the home dynamic with of the farms of rural Massachusetts.
Definition: Series of religious revivals starting in 1801, based on methodism and baptism, stressed philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for protestants.
Significance: Attracted women, African Americans, and Native Americans. Led to later reform movements.
Definition: Idealized the view of women and home; women, self-less caregiver for children, refuge for husbands.
Significance: Gave women domain over the household.
Definition: Economic program advanced by Henry Clay that included support for a national bank, high tariffs, and internal improvements.
Significance: Emphasized a strong role for federal government in the economy. Would lead to further political divisions.
Definition: A policy of favoring native-born individuals over foreign-born ones. Prejudice against immigrants.
Significance: Would lead to political resistance and the Know-nothing party.
Definition: 1832 Supreme Court Decision - Cherokee Indians were entitled to federal protection from the actions of state governments which would infringe on the tribes sovereignty - Jackson ignored it.
Significance: Lead to the trail of tears and the displacement of Native Americans.
Definition: This institution was chartered in 1816 under President Madison and become a depository for federal funds and a creditor for loaning money to state banks. It became unpopular after being blamed for the panic of 1819, and suspicion of corruption and mismanagement haunted it until its charter expired in 1836.
Significance: Jackson fought against this institution throughout his presidency, proclaiming it to be an unconstitutional extension of the federal government and a tool that rich capitalists use to corrupt American society.
Definition: "Compromise of 1820" over the issue of slavery in Missouri. It was decided Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state and all states North of the 36th parallel were free states and all South were slave states.
Significance: It maintained the balance between free and slave states.
Definition: An American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers.
Significance: Kept the United States and European countries separate for almost 100 years.
Definition: An American political party formed in the 1830s to oppose President Andrew Jackson and the Democrats, stood for protective tariffs, national banking, and federal aid for internal improvements.
Significance: It was one of the two major parties in the United States.
Definition: A political party formed by supporters of Andrew Jackson after the presidential election of 1824
Significance: It was one of the two major parties in the United States.
Definition: A sectional crisis during the presidency of Andrew Jackson created by the Ordinance of Nullification.
Significance: An attempt by South Carolina to nullify a federal law, the tariff of 1828, which was passed by the United States Congress.
Definition: (1830) A congressional act that authorized the removal of Native Americans who lived East of the Mississippi River.
Significance: Led to the Worcester v. Georgia case and the trail of tears.
Definition: Jackson believed the Bank of U.S. had too much power and was too rich. Vetoed the 2nd Bank charter and withdrew government money from the U.S. Banks and put it into "pet banks".
Significance: Led to separation and further pushed the United States into factions.
Definition: A term used by Jackson's opponents to describe the state banks that the federal government used for new revenue deposits in an attempt to destroy the Second Bank of the United States; the practice continued after the charter for the Second Bank expired in 1836.
Significance: Led to huge increase in land speculation mainly due to managers' inability to effectively handle and control the nation's money.
Definition: When Jackson was president, many state banks received government money that had been withdrawn from the Bank of the U.S.. These banks issued paper money and financed wild speculation, especially in federal lands. Jackson issued the Specie Circular to force the payment for federal lands with gold or silver.
Significance: Many state banks collapsed as a result. A panic ensued (1837). Bank of the U.S. failed, cotton prices fell, businesses went bankrupt, and there was widespread unemployment and distress.
Definition: A policy of treating subject people as if they were children, providing for their needs but not giving them rights.
Significance: This limited human freedom in a free society but the slave owners now took case of them as they not had a personal attachment to them.
Definition: A distinctive version of Christianity adopted by slaves in the face of hardship. A blend of African traditions and Christian belief, slave religion was practice in secret nighttime meetings on plantations and in "praise meetings".
Significance: Instilled hope into the hearts of those who were enslaved and slave
Definition: A system that helped enslaved African Americans follow a network of escape routes out of the South to freedom in the North
Significance: It gave ample evidence of African American capabilities and gave expression to African American philosophy.
Purchase secured American control of the Mississippi river and doubled the size of the nation.
Allowed for ferry services for goods and people.
Sparked by issues including British interreference with American trade and impressment.
Set up so that Maine joined as a free state and Missouri joined as a slave state.
Allowed Western farmers to ship crops to sell in the North and allowed North manufacturers to ship finished goods to sell in the West.
Increase in voter turnout and was intense.
Led a group of slaves in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow and kill planter families.
Formed as a separate nation after gaining independence from Mexico.
A growing fear of slave uprisings among plantation owners was a major factor.
War was sparked by a dispute over the annexation of Texas and the border between Texas and Mexico.
Wrote the Declaration of Sentiments and tried to get women the right to vote.
Made cotton more profitable and increased demand for slave labor.
Made machines more efficient.
Fueled the establishment of large-scale commercial agriculture in the Midwest.
Women who worked at textile mills and had new freedoms which created the first union of working women.
Changed the homy dynamic for young women as they served as dormitories.
Religious revivals based on methodism and baptism which attracted women, African Americans, and Native Americans which led to reform movements.
Gave women domain over the household by stating women are self-less caregivers for children and refuge for husbands.
Economic program that included support for a national bank, high tariffs, and internal improvements. Led to further political division.
Favored native-born individuals and led to political division.
Indians were entitled to federal protection from the actions of state governments while lead to the trail of tears and the displacement of Native Americans.
Became a depository for federal funds and a creditor for loaning money to state banks. Jackson fought against it proclaiming it to an unconstitutional.
Missouri enters as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state and all states North of the 36th parallel would be free.
Foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers.
Party made to oppose Jackson and the Democrats that stood for protective tariffs, national bank, and federal aid for internal improvements.
Political party formed by supporters of Jackson after the election of 1824.
Crisis during Jackson's precedency created b the Ordinance of Nullification.
Authorized the removal of Indian Americans who lived East of the Mississippi River.
Led to separation over debates about whether the Bank of U.S. had too much power or not
Term used by Jackson's opponents to describe the state banks that the federal banks used while trying to destroy the Second Bank of the U.S..
State banks received government money that had been withdrawn from the Bank of the U.S. and they were in speculation so many banks collapsed.
Treating subject people as if they were children which limited human freedom in a free society.
Version of Christianity adopted by slaves as it instilled hope into their hearts.
System that helped slaves follow a network of escape routes out of the South and freedom to the North.