The Seven Years' War
The American Revolution
The Articles of Confederation
The creation and ratification of the Constitution
Developing an American identity
Immigration to and migration within America
1763 Pontiac's Rebellion
🟢 1763 Proclamation Line
🔵 1764 Sugar Act
🔵 1765 Stamp Act
1770 Boston Massacre
🔵 1775 Battles of Lexington and Concord
⭐ 1776 Declaration of Independence
🟢 1777 Articles of Confederation
1781 Battle of Yorktown
🟢 Sons of Liberty
🔵 Daughters of Liberty
Olive Branch Petition
⭐ Common Sense by Thomas Paine
🟢 Boston Tea Party
Battle of Saratoga
🟢 Loyalists
🔵 Republican Motherhood
⭐ Federalists
⭐ Anti-Federalists
Land Ordinance of 1784 and 1785
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
🟢 Three-Fifths Compromise
The Federalist
🟢 1786 Shay's Rebellion
1787 Constitutional Convention
1789 French Revolution
1791-1804 Haitian Revolution
1794 Whiskey Rebellion
1794 Jay's Treaty
1798 XYZ Affair
1800 Jefferson Elected
⭐ Bank of the United States
Impressment
Jay's Treaty
🔵 Whiskey Rebellion
🔵 XYZ Affair
Alien and Sedition Acts
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Federalist Party
⭐ Democratic-Republicans
Elastic Clause
🟢 Proclamation of Neutrality
Pickney's Treaty
Battle of Fallen Timbers
⭐ Washington's Farewell Address
Pontiac's Rebellion: An Indian uprising after the French and Indian War, led by an Ottawa chief named Pontiac. They opposed British expansion into the western Ohio Valley and began destroying British forts in the are. The attacks ended when Pontiac was killed.
Proclamation Line: A British-produced boundary marked in the Appalachian Mountains at the Eastern Continental Divide. The Proclamation Line prohibited Anglo-American colonists from settling on lands acquired from the French following the French and Indian War.
Sugar Act: A tax set by the British parliament on sugar. This replaced the Molasses act that was way too expensive. The Sugar Act is important because it angered the colonists and caused them to smuggle lots of molasses.
Stamp Act: This act imposed a tax on all printed materials, including newspapers, legal documents, and even playing cards. It was met with significant resistance from colonists in America, who argued that it violated their rights as Englishmen.
Boston Massacre: It was a bloody confrontation between the angry colonists and the British troops stationed there, The Bostonians threw snowballs, stones, and sticks at the redcoats, whom did not find it amusing. The British soldiers shot into the mob and killed around 10 people.
Battles of Lexington and Concord: Initiated the Revolutionary War between the American colonists and the British. British governor Thomas Gage sent troops to Concord to stop the colonists who were loading arms. The next day, the first shots were fired in Lexington starting the war.
Declaration of Independence: A formal document in which the Continental Congress representing the American colonies detailed its reasons for breaking political bonds with Great Britain. The document was drafted by Thomas Jefferson and was greatly influenced by the works of the 17th century philosopher John Locke.
Articles of Confederation: The first constitution of the United States, and they established a loose confederation of states with a weak central government.
Battles of Yorktown: The last major land battle in the Revolutionary War. It signified the end of the war because the American and French forces surrounded Yorktown and captured Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis and his 8,000 troops.
Shay's Rebellion: A rebellion by debtor farmers in Western Massachusetts, led by Revolutionary War Captain Daniel Shays, against Boston creditors. It lasted half a year, threatening the economic interests of the business elite and contributing to the demise of the Articles of Confederation.
Constitutional Convention: The meeting of state delegates in Philadelphia called to revise the Articles of Confederation. It instead designed a new plan of government, the U.S. Constitution. Farmers of Constitution.
French Revolution: A social and political revolution in France that topped the monarchy; created a dilemma for the United States between helping the crown or the people, chose neutrality in the matter.
Haitian Revolution: A slave revolt in the French colony of Saint-Domingue, which culminated in the elimination of slavery there and founding of the Republic of Haiti.
Whiskey Rebellion: An uprising of Western Pennsylvania farmers that took place between 1791-1794 in response to Alexander Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey. It was a key incident in the development of the First Two Party System in the United States.
Jay's Treaty: An agreement by the United States and Great Britain that helped avert war between the two nations. The only concessions Jay obtained was a surrender of the Northwestern post and a commercial treaty with Great Britain that granted the United States "most favored nation" status, but seriously restricted U.S. commercial access to the British West Indies.
XYZ Affair: The name given to the events that conspired when three American delegates went to speak to the French Foreign Minister. Intead, they met with three French agents (referred to as X, Y, and Z). The agents said that the Americans needed to pay money in order to meet with Marquis de Talleyrand.
Jefferson Elected: The election of 1800 was against the 2 parties, Republican Jefferson and Federalists Adams. After much debate, Jefferson was rewarded victory. It's called a revolution because it produced the first orderly transfer of power from one party to another without violence. Success of the political system.
Definition: A radical political organization for colonial independence which formed in 1765 after the passage of the Stamp Act. They incited riots and burned the customs houses where the stamped British paper was kept. After the repeal of the Stamp Act, many of the local chapters formed the Committees of Correspondence which continued to promote opposition to British policies towards the colonies. The Sons leaders include Samuel Adams and Paul Revere.
Significance: They were influential in orchestrating effective resistance movements against British rule in colonial America before the revolution.
Definition: This organization supported the boycott of British goods. They urged Americans to wear homemade fabrics and produce other goods that were previously available only from Britain. They believed that way, the American colonies would become economically independent.
Significance: Their activities set the stage for women's political involvement providing a foundation for more women to support the patriot.
Definition: On July 8, 1775, the colonies made a final offer of peach to Britain, agreeing to be loyal to the British government if it addressed their grievances (repealed the Coercive Acts, ended the taxation without representation policies). It was rejected by Parliament, which in December 1775 passed the American Prohibitory Act forbidding all further trade with the colonies.
Significance: Emphasized their loyalty to the British crown and emphasized their rights as British.
Definition: powerful pamphlet telling colonists to break free. British were trying to destroy colonies; natural rights. Government is there to protect life, liberty, and property. Power came from people, not kings. Colonies don't benefit from British Empire.
Significance: Challenged the authority of the British government.
Definition: American colonists calling themselves the Sons of Liberty, disguised as Mohawk Native Americans, boarded three British ships and dumped British tea into the Boston harbor. It would lead to the Coercive Acts escalating conflict.
Significance: It showed Great Britain that Americans would not tolerate taxation and tyranny sitting down, and rallied American patriots across the 13 colonies to fight for independence.
Definition: Decisive colonial victory in upstate New York; considered to be the turning point of the American Revolution.
Significance: Caused France to openly support the colonies with military forces in addition to the supplies and money already being sent.
Definition: Colonists who supported the British government during the American Revolution.
Significance: Would demonstrate that not all colonists were in favor of independence.
Definition: Expectation that women would instill Republican values in children and be active in families.
Significance: Helped increase education for women.
Definition: A term used to describe supporters of the Constitution during ratification debates in state legislature. Wanted a stronger central government.
Significance: Controlled the national government until Thomas Jefferson was elected.
Definition: Opponents of the American Constitution at the time when the states were contemplating its adoption. Felt it violated the ideals of the American Revolution.
Significance: Created two political powers known as Democrats and Republican.
Definition: Ordinance that provided for territorial governments and legal path to statehood, provided for surveying and distribution of land.
Significance: The lands East of the Appalachian Mountains and West of the Mississippi River were divided and settled.
Definition: Created the Northwest Territory (area North of the Ohio River and West of Pennsylvania), established conditions for self-government and statehood, included a Bill of Rights, and permanently prohibited slavery.
Significance: Established the pattern by which the rest of the West would be settled.
Definition: Agreement that each slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in the House of representation and taxation purposes (negated by the 13th amendment).
Significance: Would give more representation and electoral college power to the South.
Definition: Essays promoting ratification of the Constitution, published anonymously by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison in 1787 and 1788.
Significance: Would help to convince people to ratify the Constitution.
Definition: Proposed by Alexander Hamilton as the basis of his economic plan. He proposed a powerful private institution, in which the government was the major stockholder. This would be a way to collect and amass the various taxes collected. It would also provide a strong and stable national currency. Jefferson vehemently opposed the bank; he though it was un-constitutional. Nevertheless, it was created. This issue brought about the issue of implied powers. It also helped start political parties, this being one of the major issues of the day.
Significance: This brought upon the idea of implied powers and helped start political parties.
Definition: British practice of taking American sailors and forcing them into military service.
Significance: This sourced relations and contributed to the War of 1812.
Definition: Treaty signed in 1794 between the U.S. and Britain in which Britain sought to improve trade relations and agreed to withdraw from forts in the Northwest territory.
Significance: This would cause further divide and lead to the creation of political parties.
Definition: In 1794, farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey, and several federal officers were killed in the riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest warrant on the offenders. In October, 1794, the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion. This incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation to deal with Shay's Rebellion.
Significance: Jefferson and his followers were worried that the military could be used to take down dissent.
Definition: An insult to the American delegation when they were supposed to be meeting French foreign minister, Talleyrand, but instead they were sent 3 officials Adams called "x, Y, and Z" that demanded $250,000 as a bribe to see Talleyrand.
Significance: Caused a short unification among divided Americans against the French.
Definition: Acts passed by federalists giving the government power to imprison or deport foreign citizens and persecute critics of the government.
Significance: Many of Jefferson's followers would be charged and criticized that this violated peoples freedom of speech.
Definition: Written anonymously by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, they declared that states could nullify federal laws that the state considered unconstitutional.
Significance: It began the question if sates could just ignore federal policy.
Definition: 1792-1816. Formed by Alexander Hamilton. Controlled the government until 1801. Wanted strong nationalistic government. Opposed by Democratic Republicans.
Significance: It was one of the first two political parties.
Definition: Led by Thomas Jefferson, believed people should have political power, favored strong state governments, emphasized agriculture, strict interpretation of the Constitution, pro-French, opposed National Bank.
Significance: It was one of the first two political parties.
Definition: Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution, which allows Congress to make all laws that are "necessary and proper" to carry out the powers of the Constitution.
Significance: This would contribute to the divide between Hamilton and Jefferson.
Definition: A formal announcement issued by President George Washington on April 22, 1793, declaring the United States a neutral nation in the conflict between Great Britain and France.
Significance: Many Americans felt allegiance to France and would help to divide the country.
Definition: This treaty between the U.S. and Spain which gave the U.S. the right to transport good on the Mississippi River and to store goods in the Spanish port of New Orleans.
Significance: Helped the economy of the United States.
Definition: The U.S. Army defeated the Native Americans under Shawnee Chief Blue Jacket and ended Native American hopes of keeping their land that lay North of the Ohio River.
Significance: Further evidence of conflict between U.S. and Native Americans.
Definition: Warned Americans not to get involved in European affairs, not to make permanent alliances, not to form political parties, and to avoid sectionalism.
Significance: That the U.S. to not involve in European conflict that would that would be true until World War I.
Indian uprising that opposed British expansion into the West.
Prohibited Anglo-American colonists from settling on land from the French.
Tax on sugar that angered colonists.
Tax on all printed materials that was met with significant resistance from colonists as it violated their rights.
Boston colonists threw things at the redcoats and the British soldiers shot into the mob and killed around 10 people.
Initiated the Revolutionary War between American colonists and the British.
Document representing the American colonies and detailed reasons for breaking political bonds from the British.
First U.S. Constitution and established loose confederation of states with a weak central government.
Last major battle in the Revolutionary War.
Rebellion by farmers in Massachusetts against Boston creditors that threatened economic interests and contributed to the failure of the Articles of Confederation.
Matting of state delegates to revise the Articles of Confederation but designed a new plan of government.
Revolution in France that topped the monarchy. U.S. had to choose neutrality.
Slave revolt in a French Colony with ended with the elimination of slavery there.
Uprising of Pennsylvania farmers in response to the tax on whiskey. Development of the two party system.
Agreement between the U.S. and Great Britain that helped avert war between these nations.
Three American delegates went to speak to the French but X, Y, and Z said they had to pay to meet with Marquis de Talleyrand.
First orderly transfer of power from one party to another without violence.
Orchestrated effective resistance movements against British rule in colonial America before the revolution.
Supported boycott of British goods because they thought it was the only way America would become economically independent.
Colonies agreed to be loyal if British agreed to address grievances but the British rejected it.
Told colonists to break free as they had natural rights and colonies did not benefit from the British empire.
Sons of Liberty dumped tea into the Boston harbor and led to Coercive Acts.
Turning point of the American Revolution as it caused France to openly support colonies with military.
Colonists who supported the British government during the American Revolution.
Expectations that women would instill Republican values in children and be active in families.
Supporters of the Constitution during ratification debates who wanted a stronger government.
Opposed the American Constitution as they felt like it violated the ideals of the American Revolution.
Provided for surveying and distribution of land.
Established a pattern by which the rest of the West would be settled through self-government, statehood, and prohibiting slavery.
Each slave counted as 3/5 of a person in representation which gave more voting power to the South.
Essay prompting the ratification of the Constitution.
Proposed a powerful private institution, in which the government was the major stockholder. This brought the issue of implied powers and political parties.
British took American sailors and forced them into military service.
Britain sought to improve trade relations and withdrew from forts in the Northwest territory.
Rebellion against the tax on whiskey and showed how powerful the new government was compared to under the Articles of Confederation with Shay's Rebellion.
An insult to American delegation and caused short unification among divided Americans against the French.
Gave government power to imprison or deport foreign citizens and targeted Jefferson's followers.
Declared that states could nullify federal laws that the state considered unconstitutional and began to wonder if states could ignore federal policy.
Wanted strong nationalistic government. Opposed by Democratic Republicans.
Led by Jefferson, favored strong state governments, emphasized agriculture, strict interpretation of the constitution, pro-French, opposed National Bank.
Allows Congress to make all laws that are "necessary and proper" which contributed to the divide between Hamilton and Jefferson.
Issued by George Washington declaring the United States a neutral nation in the conflict between Great Britain and France.
Treaty between the U.S. and Spain which gave U.S. the right to transport goods on the Mississippi River.
Further evidence of conflict between U.S. and Native Americans.
Warned Americans not to get involved in European affairs.