Rats carry a wide range of diseases and parasites that are potentially harmful to humans and animals. Leptospirosis (Weil's disease) can be fatal to humans. Other diseases, such as salmonella, affect both humans and animals, and parasites can present a further hazard. Often rat infestations are a sign of a related problem, such as a drainage issue. We can give you advice on this.

Rat biology and behaviour Appearance Rat or mouse?

Rat biology and behaviour Brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) Black rat (Rattus rattus) 0.5kg 0.25kg 23cm length (without tail) 15cm length (without tail) Blunt muzzle Pointed muzzle Sturdy body Slender body Small, hair-covered ears Large, almost hairless ears Small eyes Large eyes Tail shorter than body Thin tail, longer than the body.

As part of Apex Environmental Leeds process, we will advise you specifically on how to prevent future pest infestations, however, the following advice should always be followed:

• Keep your premises in good repair to prevent rats from gaining entrance

• Rats can get through a hole as small as 1.5cm and in colder weather rats will look for somewhere warmer to live

• Do not allow outside areas to have become overgrown, keep gardens free from rubbish and tidy

• Make sure that drains are repaired and covers are firmly fitted, any drainage works should be carried out by a competent person

• Make sure all bins are kept shut and in good order

• Compost bins should be placed on wire mesh and the lid kept secure

• Do not overfeed wild birds, all food should be hung in suitable containers and food should not be left on the floor

• Any pipes leading from the outside to the inside of the building should be sealed to prevent access

• Ventilation or air bricks should be fitted with wire mesh cover