The corporations, as described, feel like Cyberpunk / Shadowrun to me, and that's not the feeling I'm shooting for. I want the forces you deal with to have a face, so the groups you deal with will have more of a Guild or Family style. You may have contacts with a shipyard for parts and repair, and know the family that runs it. Consider all the corporations mentioned in the CRB as not part of the universe, including AbadarCorp.
There are star-spanning groups, with the goal of providing the bare minimum of services to prevent wholesale destruction of the Golarion system.
One of the larger institutes designed for handling inter-species conflict;
The largest of all solar institutes, handling negotiations and trade.
A young and faceted group, still defining their methods, though they (mostly) share the goals of greater understanding between species, avoiding war, improving prosperity for all. Generally, a group joins the institute by declaring their intent and proclaiming their good works on the vid channels. And having a grant to pay for it.
Golarion certainly had plenty, and we've got a few now. Use the standard list, minus Abadar, plus at least one new god...
Argent , AI god of Credits. For over 100 years, there has been one incorruptible economic source - the 1000 credits every sentient receives on reaching what their society deems as their age of independence. Argent is present at all credit transactions, and ensures that they are not coerced or otherwise stolen. Its appearance varies, though it most often appears as an archaically-dressed android servitor, and shows varying levels of interest in the transactions themselves.
Trade goods, valuable metals, coinage, information...all these are individually traded; there is no concept of arbitrage in this universe, and it's not really one I'm interested in playing with. Credits are incorruptible and above-board, other currencies are expedient or potentially black-market.
Feet are so...Pathfinder. My Starfinder uses the Metric System, designed to operate with the natural measurements of the world. 5 feet = 1 meter. All spells are easily convertible, as are maps, etc. What's the radius on that grenade? Oh, 4 meters. It's amazing how many maps recovered from Old Golarion were built to this standard already, with each square being one meter!
There is no interplanetary Internet - anyone can set up their own collection of information, called a Ell-Ell, from Legend Lore. Cities, stations, or other geographically-defined groups offer a search service called Auger that uses a combination of Technomancy and inquisitive, paid AIs to produce requested information. A planet or larger geography may offer a search for collection of cities, collectively referred to as the Galactic General Exchange - GyGeX.