Embedded Files
Field Exercises
Field Exercises
If there are useful things we can learn from play, before we to stand in harm's way, lets play...
This is a field exercise template for anyone to copy and use.
This is a field exercise template for anyone to copy and use.
The following is a template, which might be useful to plan your own active shooter exercise. While San Diego County, California isn't prepping for the exercise described below, Dr. David Frost was the inspiration behind creating it, and we are using that unique area, as the model. (You will see a lot of California LEA's mentioned, as well as San Diego State University.)
For your education, edification, idea-well; we pieced this together from various sources, as well as using some unique knowledge and theory on "agile building technology", inspired by Shelby County, Indiana and the Indiana Sheriff's Association.
Your feedback is important to us. Please use the contact form or contact David Phillips, LPC, via LinkedIn, to collaborate on and contribute to the quality of this free template.
PRIMME: Exercise
PRIMME: Exercise
Proof of concept: a full scale exercise for police, ems, dispatch, fire-rescue, educators, news media, students and parents.
DLPS | Preventing Rapidly Involved Mass Murder Events
Executive Summary
Executive Summary
In May of 2018, we had a phone conversation with Dr. Eric Frost of San Diego State University, Eric Kutner, a National Security Team Builder and David Phillips, LPC, owner and principal at DLPS. During that phone conversation we considered having a unique “active shooter” exercise designed to “educate via experience” first responders and educators on a unique solution set designed to rapidly mitigate a human threat actor within an office building, mass attendance venue or school.
The goal of this exercise was to contrast the traditional model of handling an active shooter, versus, a uniquely designed, full spectrum systems approach to threat mitigation using cutting edge technology.
Definitions
Definitions
Agile Building Technology – Any machine or design feature of a building or venue that is engineered to lessen or eliminate the capacity of a “bad actor” to carry out an attack on it’s occupants.
ATF – Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms
Bad Actor – Any human posing a lethal or grievous injury threat to other humans.
CHP – California Highway Patrol
DCR - Dangerous Casualty Retrieval Certified
DHS – Department of Homeland Security
Dispatch – Any 911 center/police/fire/rescue communications center employee.
DLPS – David L Phillips Services (Principle Sponsor)
EMS – Emergency Medical Services
EMT – Emergency Medical Technician
FBI – Federal Bureau of Investigation
LEO – Law Enforcement Officer (Duly certified employee of a certified police agency.)
OPS – Operations
POC – Point of Contact
Scenario – Any actions undertaken by the project for the purpose of evaluation, data capture and analysis.
SDCSD – San Diego County Sheriff’s Department
SDFD – San Diego Fire Department
SDPD – San Diego Police Department
SDSU – San Diego State University
SOP – Standard Operating Procedures
Introduction
Introduction
Dr. Eric Frost was asked this question:
Dr. Eric Frost was asked this question:
What if an organization could deliver a provably reliable system to your school that could do the following in every area, venue, or building where installed? Could you convince your college to do purchase such a system, if it was reasonably priced…
Upon Detection of a Bad Actor, perform the following, in real time.
− HD Video images providing description, weapons, location, direction of travel and threat posture of the Bad Actor.
− Remotely LEO piloted machines capable of applying non-lethal force to the Bad Actor within seconds of criminal intent presentation, designed to disrupt, interfere with or stop an attack, in whatever form.
− Communications capable of directing all first responders, securely, to the bad actor.
− Communications capable of directing all potential victims to a safe rallying point, away from danger.
− Communications capable of directing Fire/EMS/Rescue to the injured, safely, as quickly as possible.
− Communications capable of directing responding agencies to areas around the threat for the sake of containment.
Dr. Frost said, “Yes, that’s an easy decision.”
Revisions
Revisions
After final version is approved, this document will track any revisions with this log.
Name: David Phillips
Date: 7/2/2018
Role: Author/Principle
Summary: Initial Draft (Online)
Revision Number: 0.01
Stakeholders | Custodians
Stakeholders | Custodians
The following is a list of stakeholders, for this project. Everyone listed is a responsible officer for the organization or agency so designated. By signing this approval, you are stating that you and the organization you represent is agreed to participate in this exercise as described, under the guidelines herein stated.
Approvals
Approvals
Name: Dr. Eric Frost
Title: Chair, DHS Program
Organization: San Diego State University
Signature: Chief Josh Mays | Chief of Campus Police | San Diego State University
Sponsorship
Sponsorship
Listed are the companies and organizations that are agreed to sponsor this exercise. All media output, documents and publicity associated with this exercise can and will be branded with the various agency and organizational logo’s and links.
Sponsors
Sponsors
Organization/Agency:
POC:
Phone:
Email:
Sponsorship:
Sponsorship Levels: (Money Amounts are place holders. Not real costs.)
Sponsorship Levels: (Money Amounts are place holders. Not real costs.)
Corporate Sponsors: $25,000.00
− Branding placards throughout the exercise area.
− Vending placement for food, momentous, and awards for best participants.
− VIP Gallery
Agency Sponsors: $10,000.00
− Citation in any published articles, reviews, and publicity.
− Mention by the Mayor of San Diego and the San Diego County Executive at a public recognition ceremony.
− First place at any press briefing.
− Branding on all letters of appreciation.
− Participants in each scenario. (Eligible for the agency awards and prizes.)
First Sponsors: $5,000.00
− Mention in all reports and critical to the project’s success.
− Branding placement at the command center
Responding Sponsors: $2,500.00
− Mention in all reports.
− A thank you signed by all the stake holders.
− Invitation to view the exercise from a gallery.
Individual Sponsors: $50.00
− Actor Roles
− Mention in all reports.
− A Letter of Recognition
− CEU Credit
− College Credit where authorized
− Eligible for the Corporate Awards and Prizes
Objectives
Objectives
The objective of this exercise is to provide a never-before lessons learned on active shooters to law enforcement agencies, school districts, business owners and risk managers, so that they can preserve life within their spheres of influence; economically and effectively.
Master Scenario
Master Scenario
The master scenario is divided up into two Full Scale Exercises (FSE). FSE-1 is designed to completely exercise current police/agency/campus SOP on responding to a bad actor threatening the occupants of a designated campus or office complex. FSE-2 is designed to implement a simulation of what it would be like for first responders to use agile building technology to respond to a bad actor, executing the same SOP for preserving life and property.
FSE-1:
FSE-1:
The objective of this exercise is to evaluate San Diego State's inter-agency response to a potential rapidly involved mass murder event using Police, EMS, Dispatch, Hospital, Rescue, Media, Agency, Government and Fire within their current SOP’s. The scenario developed for this exercise, will be a lone bad actor, military wash-out with rudimentary combat skills and a high capacity semi-automatic rifle, two hand guns and two pipe-bombs.
FSE-2:
FSE-2:
PRIMME Agile Building Full Scale Exercise.
The objective of this exercise is to evaluate local inter-agency responses to rapidly involved mass murder events using Police, EMS, Dispatch, Hospital, Rescue, Media, Agency, Government and Fire using their current SOP’s, enhanced by Agile Building Technology.
Actors
Actors
For both FSE-1 and FSE-2 we will use the following cast of actors to play various roles within the FSE’s. For unique roles within each FSE, they will be stipulated as FSE-1 (Only) or FSE-2 (Only).
Observers:
Observers:
All observers will be supporting both exercises. They are “not-there” during the exercises and will have their designated roles. All will be wearing noticeable clothing and protection. They are to be completely ignored, during each FSE.
Observer Types:
Observer Types:
· Data Collection: Blaze Green Reflective Vests | Measurements, observations, written analysis, times, sights and sounds. (Invisible)
· Evaluators: Blaze Orange Reflective Vests & White Protective Gear | Police/Fire/Rescue and Administration participants there to observe and give feedback to the various agencies they report to. (Invisible)
· Referees: Black & White Striped Shirts (just like a football game) | These are people tasked with enforcing FSE engagement parameters. Provide guidance, with appropriate for all other actors, during a FSE. They are representitives from all agencies. (Invisible/Interactive)
Participants:
Participants:
Participants are all who play an active role in the FSE’s.
Volunteers
Volunteers
Volunteers selected for their ability to understand the gravity of what the exercise is trying to accomplish and their willingness to accept the parameters and stay within them.
· Students: Volunteers dressed in civilian clothing. Each will be given a FSE-1 card and an FSE-2 card. They need to memorize their card and behave as the card states, when confronted with danger.
· By-standers/staff: In the movies, we call these folks, extras. These are the non-carded participants that play a role in adding a chaos element to the First Responders.
· Parents/Loved Ones: People reacting to the exercise by trying to locate their loved ones. The parents/loved ones with cards will behave in a specific way.
· Bus drivers.
· Press: Any press covering the exercise.
First Responders
First Responders
· LEO’s: Law enforcement officers, of any and all participating agencies, in normal duty uniform. Being exercised during both FSE’s.
· Fire/Rescue: Trained in responding to hostile situations, these specialists will be trained in the field of responding to injured/trapped for the purpose of preserving their lives, while under fire.
· Fire/EMS: Trained to respond to various traumas associated with these types of events. They will not be engaged while the police are actively prosecuting the suspect(s).
· EOD: Trained to respond to various explosive threats. Bomb-squad.
· School administrators. Trained to respond according to State/Federal requirements, during a real emergency.
· Airship Drivers: News, EMS, and Police helicopters.
· 911/Dispatch: There will be a dispatch center set up with real dispatchers also training through the command post. We will not tie up a true dispatch center. Dedicated radio frequency.
· Hospital ER Staff: We will set up a simulated trauma bay for emergency medical personnel to practice triage and prep.
· Ambulance/EMS Drivers: Emergency Medical Transport of injured victims to get to trauma center.
Opposition Forces/Bad Actors
Opposition Forces/Bad Actors
· Bad-actors: Trained law enforcement officers skilled in being aggressors in exercises. Dressed in civilian clothing. Acting out the objectives on their FSE-1 and FSE-2 cards.
· Opposition Forces: Trained law enforcement officers that may or may not be added into any scenario, as a sympathetic Munchausen actor or people there to frustrate law enforcement. Type 1, carded with specific objectives. Type 2, opportunistic agitators.
Locations
Locations
All physical locations where any aspect of the exercise takes place:
Table Top
Table Top
Alliant International University
10455 Pomerado Rd
San Diego, CA 92131
FSE-1 & 2
FSE-1 & 2
San Diego State University
5500 Campanile Dr.
San Diego, CA 92182
Level 1 trauma centers
Level 1 trauma centers
*Primary | ** Secondary | The rest are on call.
- *Palomar Medical Center
- Scripps Memorial Hospital-La Jolla
- **Scripps Mercy Hospital-Hillcrest
- *Sharp Memorial Hospital
- Rady Children’s Hospital
- UC San Diego Medical Center
Budget
Budget
(Not actual figures. Just placeholders. When the budget for each line item is accurately estimated, it will appear with a *.)
Planning, Preparation and Placement (Tango -2 weeks).................................... $10,000.00
- Planning..................................................................................................... $2,500.00
- Preparation................................................................................................ $5,000.00
- Placement.................................................................................................. $2,500.00
Setup, Safety, and Staging (Tango -2 days)......................................................... $25,000.00
- Setup........................................................................................................ $22,000.00
- Safety Briefing............................................................................................... $500.00
- Staging all Participants and Observers (Dry run)...................................... $2,500.00
FSE-1 (Tango Zero +1)........................................................................................... $39,250.00
- Setup (Checklist)..................................................................................... $35,000.00
- Safety Briefing............................................................................................... $750.00
- Staging....................................................................................................... $3,500.00
FSE-2 (Tango Zero +2)........................................................................................ $50,000.00
- Setup (Checklist)..................................................................................... $40,000.00
- Safety Briefing............................................................................................ $1,200.00
- Staging....................................................................................................... $8,800.00
After Action (Tango +3)....................................................................................... $22,500.00
- Cleanup and Teardown............................................................................ $15,000.00
- After-action Exit Interviews....................................................................... $5,000.00
- Data Collection.......................................................................................... $2,500.00
Report and Findings (Tango +2 Weeks).............................................................. $24,000.00
- Committee Data Analysis....................................................................... $8,500.00
- Committee Report Finding..................................................................... $2,500.00
- Executive Scrub...................................................................................... $5,000.00
- Reports...................................................................................................... $3,500.00
o Alpha – Circulated among all participants............................... $1,500.00
o Beta – Circulated among all Operators....................................... $500.00
o Final Draft – Circulated among the executive.......................... $1,000.00
- Publishing................................................................................................. $4,500.00
o Government Participants............................................................ $750.00
o Organizational Participants........................................................ $250.00
o Business Sponsors/Partners..................................................... $3,250.00
o Public (Public Version)................................................................ $125.00
Agencies
Agencies
Organization and POC
Organization and POC
City of Carlsbad Police Department
2560 Orion Way
Carlsbad, CA 92010
Business Line: 760-931-2100
POC:
Oceanside Police Department
3855 Mission Avenue
Oceanside, CA 92054
(760) 435-4450
POC: Chief Frank McCoy
California Highway Patrol
4902 Pacific Hwy
San Diego, CA 92110
619-220-5492
POC:
San Diego Police Department
15 Fourth Avenue
Chula Vista, CA 91910
(858) 484-3154
POC: Chief David Nisleit
Chula Vista Police Department
315 Fourth Avenue
Chula Vista, CA 91910
(619) 691-5151
POC:
San Diego Sheriff's Office
John F. Duffy Administrative Center
PO Box 939062
San Diego, CA 92193-9062
(858) 974-2222
POC: Sheriff Bill Gore
Coronado Police Department
700 Orange Ave
Coronado, CA 92118
(619) 522-7350
POC: Chief Ed Aceves
San Diego State University Police
San Diego State University Police
(Within the City of San Diego)
5350 55th Street
San Diego, CA 92182
619-594-1991
POC: Joshua Mays
Email: jmays@sdsu.edu
El Cajon Police Department
100 Civic Center Way
El Cajon, CA 92020
619-579-3311
POC:
Included Federal Agencies:
Included Federal Agencies:
Department of Homeland Security
Specialized Training Institute
10390 Peter A McCuen Boulevard
Mather, California 95655
POC: Alex Cabassa
Assistant Director, Cal OES
Superintendent, California
(805) 549-3535
Escondido Police Department
1163 North Centre City Parkway
Escondido, CA 92026
(619) 691-5151
POC:
FBI – San Diego Field Office
10385 Vista Sorrento Parkway
San Diego, CA 92121
(858) 320-1800
POC: SIC John A. Brown
8085 University Avenue
La Mesa, CA 91942
(619) 667.1400
POC: Chief Walt Vasquez
U.S. Courthouse Annex
333 W. Broadway, Suite 100 (Plaza)
San Diego, CA 92101
(619) 557-6620
POC: U.S. Marshal: Steven C. Stafford
National City Police Department
National City Police Department
1200 National City Boulevard
National City, CA 91950-4302
(619) 336-4400
POC:
Naval Base San Diego Shore Patrol
NSSD Shore Patrol C/O
3235 Buchanan St, Bldg 151
San Diego, CA 92136
(619) 556-6662
POC: Deputy Chief of Police
San Diego Harbor Police
San Diego Harbor Police
3380 N. Harbor Drive
San Diego, CA 92101
POC: Lt. Magda Fernandez
email: mfernand@portofsandiego.org
Pre-planning and Participation Guide
Pre-planning and Participation Guide
Review Objectives
Review Objectives
Review and become familiar with the objectives to be accomplished.
1. Show the state-of-the-art response time for active shooters.
1. Show the state-of-the-art response time for active shooters.
Document the planning, implementation and execution of the current SOP for an active shooter on campus.
Key metrics:
- Dial-up time on activation of threat actor alert.
- Response time on release from dial-up.
- Time to threat actor timeline change.
- Time to threat actor take-down or elimination.
- Rescue time.
- Recovery time.
- All clear time.
- Crime scene preservation and evidence gathering.
- Injury count.
- Fatality count.
Create a Plan for how to test these objectives.
Share the plan with potential exercise stakeholders.
2. Show the potential for an agile building.
2. Show the potential for an agile building.
Key Metrics:
- Dial-up time on activation of threat actor alert.
- Response time on release from dial-up.
- Time to threat actor timeline change.
- Time to threat actor take-down or elimination.
- Rescue time.
- Recovery time.
- All clear time.
- Crime scene preservation and evidence gathering.
- Injury count.
- Fatality count.
Create a Plan for how to test these objectives.
Share the plan with potential exercise stakeholders.
Establish an Exercise Planning Team
Establish an Exercise Planning Team
Oversee exercise foundation, design, development, conduct, and evaluation.
Layout all of the exercise’s objectives:
- Threat actor presented to threat actor attacked is less than 30 seconds.
Tailor the scenario to meet the exercises objectives.
Develop documentation used in evaluation
Plan how to control, and simulation.
Plan on developing and distributing pre-exercise materials
Exercise planning conferences: including briefings, and training sessions. Because planning team members are highly involved in the exercise, they are ideal selections for the exercise facilitator, controller, and/or evaluator positions.
The Exercise Planning Team should be of manageable size yet represent the full range of participating entities, as well as other relevant stakeholder organizations. Planning team members should represent each participating key agency, department, and stakeholder organization within that jurisdiction. An Exercise Planning Team Leader manages the planning team.
3. Create an Exercise Timeline with Milestones
3. Create an Exercise Timeline with Milestones
Exercise planning timelines establish target timeframes for attaining significant, exercise-related milestones such as planning conferences,training, exercise conduct, after-action reporting, and improvement planning.
Timelines will vary based on exercise scope and complexity. Time lines also may vary based on the entity’s experience in conducting exercises,available resources, and Exercise Planning Team size.
4. Schedule Planning Meetings
4. Schedule Planning Meetings
Develop a draft calendar of planning meeting dates. Vet with the Exercise Planning Team and send out to all relevant staff.
5. Create a Budget
5. Create a Budget
Some tabletops do not require budgets because all of the personnel,assets, and consumables are already on site. If you want to producedocuments, hire experts, purchase supplies and equipment (audiovisual,etc.), create signage, serve food, develop name badges and/or tabletents, you may need a budget. If you need a budget, create it and go over it with finance personnel.This will help to scale back the exercise as needed, or if money allows,scale it up.
Table Top
Table Top
Conversational dry run
Conversational dry run
- Public relations.
- Command post.
- Briefing times.
- FSE1
- FSE2
- Stake holders.
- Build up / tear down.
- Clean up.
- Reporting.
- End users and knowledge shares.
Table Top After Action | Pre-planning
Table Top After Action | Pre-planning
- Critical paths to FSE 1, key players, action items.
- Critical paths to FSE 2, key players, action items, technology entries.
- Dates, times and places.
- Small scale model of the exercise area.
- Cadence of each day.
Full Scale Exercise
Full Scale Exercise
FSEs are typically the most complex and resource-intensive type of exercise. They involve multiple agencies, organizations, and jurisdictions and validate many facets of preparedness. FSEs often include many players operating under cooperative systems such as the Incident Command System (ICS) or Unified Command.
• In an FSE, events are projected through an exercise scenario with event updates that drive activity at the operational level.
• FSEs are usually conducted in a real-time, stressful environment that is intended to mirror a real incident. Personnel and resources may be mobilized and deployed to the scene, where actions are performed as if a real incident had occurred.
• The FSE simulates reality by presenting complex and realistic problems that require critical thinking, rapid problem solving, and effective responses by trained personnel.
• The level of support needed to conduct an FSE is greater than that needed for other types of exercises. The exercise site for an FSE is usually large, and site logistics require close monitoring.
• Safety issues, particularly regarding the use of props and special effects, must be monitored. Throughout the duration of the exercise, many activities occur simultaneously.
Exercise Approval
Exercise Approval
- Fire/Rescue
- University Operations
- Law Enforcement (Local, County, State and Federal)
- University Safety
- State Government
Exercise Buildup
Exercise Buildup
T minus 6 months | Pre-planning
T minus 6 weeks | Participation confirmation and commitments
T minus 2 weeks. | Small scale model on exercise board. Final tabletop exercise.
T minus 1 week. | Staging supplies and confirmations of all actors and contributors
T minus 3 days. | Setup
T minus 2 day. | Dry run of FSE -1 by evaluators
T minus 1 day. | Dry run of FSE -2 by evaluators
Day 1
Day 1
T minus 6 hours. | Staging of production run.
T minus 3 hours. | Roll call.
T minus 1 hour. | All participants meat in assembly area for introduction and safety brief. Rules. Assume assignment positions.
T minus 0 | Execute FSE's - Cameras rolling.
FSE Execution
FSE Execution
FSE 1 Execution - Day 1
FSE 1 Execution - Day 1
- Assume normal school day. All actors in place.
- Threat actor assumes launch position for adhoc attack on the school.
- Alert is sounded.
- 911 phone calls go out (dispatch and call center exercise data started)
- Dispatchers execute active shooter protocol as trained with current SOP.
- Police response initiated.
- School response initiated.
- FIRE/EMS response initiated.
- Hospital prep for mass casualty event.
- Bad actor is located.
- Bad actor is killed or captured.
- Danger sweep conducted.
- All clear is sounded.
- Rescue/recovery initiated.
- Press briefing.
- Command center and entry point established.
- Evacuation and parental notification.
- Press briefing.
FSE 2 Execution - Day 2
FSE 2 Execution - Day 2
- Assume normal school day. All actors in place.
- Threat actor assumes launch position for adhoc attack on the school.
- Alert is sounded.
- Command center takes control of the school defensive systems and initiates lockdown protocols.
- Command center locks down campus.
- Tracks and ID's bad actor.
- Vectors people away from bad actor.
- Does sweeps to ensure that each building is isolated and secure.
- Deploys counter measures to the bad actor for immediate non-lethal mitigation.
- Vectors responding officers to the bad actor.
- 911 phone calls go out (dispatch and call center exercise data started)
- Dispatchers execute active shooter protocol as trained with control center agile building SOP.
- Police response initiated.
- School response initiated.
- FIRE/EMS response initiated.
- Hospital prep for mass casualty event.
- Bad actor is identified.
- Bad actor is killed or captured.
- Danger sweep conducted.
- All clear is sounded.
- Rescue/recovery initiated.
- Press briefing.
- Command center and entry point established.
- Evacuation and parental notification.
- Press briefing.
FSE Conclusion | After Action Review
FSE Conclusion | After Action Review
Appendix One: Media
Appendix One: Media
(Need Input)
Appendix Two: Supplies
Appendix Two: Supplies
(Need Input)
Appendix Three: Contact List
Appendix Three: Contact List
(Need Input)
Appendix Four: Maps and Diagrams
Appendix Four: Maps and Diagrams
(Need Input)
Appendix Five: Feedback
Appendix Five: Feedback
(Need Input)
Appendix Six: Data Capture, Collection and Distribution
Appendix Six: Data Capture, Collection and Distribution
(Need Input)
Appendix Seven: Knowledge Share | Best Practice
Appendix Seven: Knowledge Share | Best Practice
(Need Input)
Appendix Eight: Forms
Appendix Eight: Forms
(Need Input)
Appendix Nine: Insurance and Liability
Appendix Nine: Insurance and Liability
(Need Input)
Appendix Ten: Safety Brief
Appendix Ten: Safety Brief
(Need Input)
Appendix Eleven: Milestones Checklist
Appendix Eleven: Milestones Checklist
(Need Input)
Version 2.31 3/27/2019
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