Academic Year 2026 2027
NEP 2020 Based Curriculum
NEP 2020 Based Curriculum
FY BSC Sem I Skill Enhancement Courses (SEC)
Name of the Course: Tools and Techniques in Plant Science (Practical)
60 Hours Credits: 02
List of Practical’s
Module 1: Introduction to Laboratory Tools and Instruments
1.1 Study of Basic Laboratory Instruments (Microscope, Colorimeter, Autoclave, Oven, Incubator, Laminar Air Chamber, Tilak Air Sampler).
1.2 Study of stains and staining techniques.
Module 2: Microscopy and staining Techniques
2.1 Microslide Preparation—Whole Mounts, Smears, Squashes
2.2 Plant Microtechnique (T.S., L.S., R.L.S., T.L.S.)
Module 3: Separation techniques
3.1 Separation of Amino Acids by Paper Chromatography
3.2 Separation of Sugars by Thin-Layer Chromatography
Module 4: Biochemical analysis
4.1 Qualitative Tests for plant Metabolites (Proteins, Carbohydrates, Alkaloids, Tannins)
4.2 Study and verification of Beer and Lambert’s Law
Module 5: Basic Molecular Technique
5.1 Genomic DNA Extraction
Module 6. Soil Analysis Techniques
6.1 Determination of temperature and pH of different Soil Samples
Module 7. Computer Techniques
71. Study of photo micrographic techniques
7.2. Use of computer for preparation of Tables, Graphs and Presentations (MS Office)
Note: This course is designed to provide foundational skills in plant science laboratory techniques. The practical assessments and final project are structured to evaluate students' proficiency and understanding, preparing them for potential careers in plant science research and related fields
FY BOT (SEC) Sem II Field Study Techniques
Skill Enhancement Courses (SEC)
Name of the Course: Field Study Techniques (Practical)
60 Hours Credits: 02
Practical Name
Module 1: Field visit and Vegetation Analysis
1.1 Vegetation study by field visit for habit and habitat study
1.2 Study of quadrat Method (List quadrat and Chart quadrat)
1.3 Line and Belt Transect Studies (demonstration)
1.4 Data collection using questionnaires
1.5 Photography technique (Geo tag photographs) and Use of GPS for Field Survey and Plant location
Module 2: Forest Mensuration
2.1 Keys for Identification of trees
2.2 Measurement of Diameter of trees in field
2.3 Measurement of height of trees in field
2.4 Volume measurement of trees
Module 3: Soil analysis
3.1 Soil profiling using pH meter and thermometer
3.2 Module 4: Biodiversity Indexing
3.4 Study of Biodiversity by Simpson’s Diversity Index
Module 5: Hydrobiological studies
4.1 Collection and Fixing of Plankton Samplings
4.2 Analysis of BOD of water sample
4.3 Analysis of COD of water sample
S. Y. BSc As Per NEP 2020 Vertical – 1 Major Syllabus Scheme III
B.Sc. (Botany) (Sem.- III)
Major Botany Paper I: Plant Diversity I
Module 1: Algae, Fungi and Bacteria 15 Lectures
1. Algae: The Green Revolutionaries
● General classification of Algae up to the class. (G.M. Smith,1958)
● Interesting Facts about Algae
● General Characteristics of Chrysophyta
● Systematic position, and life cycle (excluding development stages
of sex organs) of Diatoms
2. Fungi: Nature’s recyclers
● General classification of Fungi up to the class. (G.M. Smith,1958)
● Interesting Facts about Fungi
● General Characteristics of Ascomycetae
● Systematic position, and life cycle (excluding development stages of sex
organs) of Xylaria
3. Bacteria: Small wonders of Nature
● Forms and ultrastructure of Bacteria
● Interesting Facts about Bacteria
Activities:
● Observe fungal growth on suitable substratum and learn about
mycology in everyday life.
● Poster / Oral Presentation: Bacteria a friend / Bacteria an enemy
Module 2:Bryophytes and Pteridophytes 15 Lectures
1. Bryophytes: The Amphibians of the Plant World
● Interesting Facts about bryophytes.
● Thallus structure of liverworts, Hornworts & Mosses. (One example of
each)
● General Characteristics of Anthocerotae.
● Systematic position (G. M. Smith 1955), and life cycle (excluding
development stages of sex organs) of Anthoceros.
2.Pteridophytes: The First Vascular Plants
● Habitat and Pteridophytes: Aquatic, terrestrial and xerophytic.
● General Characteristics of Pterophyta
● Systematic position (G.M. Smith 1955), and life cycle (excluding
development stages of sex organs) of Nephrolepis.
● Stelar evolution
Activities:
Do It Yourself:
● Moss terrarium project to understand bryophyte growth.
● Ferns as ornamental plants
S. Y. BSc As Per NEP 2020 Vertical – 1 Major Syllabus Scheme III
B.Sc. (Botany) (Sem.- III)
Major Botany Paper II: Functional Botany I
Module 1: Cell Biology, Cytogenetics and Plant Breeding 15 Lectures
1. Cell Biology:
● Ultrastructure and functions of cell organelles: Glyoxsomes, Ribosomes.
(prokaryotic and eukaryotic)
● Meiosis in Plant Cells and its Significance.
● Nucleic Acids: Types, structure, and functions of DNA and RNA.
2. Cytogenetics and Plant Breeding:
● Variation in Chromosome structure (Chromosomal Aberrations).
● Definition, Types and Genetic Effects of the following:
Deletions, Duplications, Inversions and Translocations.
● Variation in Chromosome number: Aneuploidy, Euploidy and its types
● Plant breeding - Definition and Concept, Techniques
Activity:
● Poster / Oral presentation/ Model of any topic of Cell biology.
● Collection of different varieties of Wheat, rice etc.
Module 2: Molecular Biology and Biostatistics 15 Lectures
1. Molecular Biology
● DNA replication: Models of DNA Replication, Meselson -Stahl.
Experiment, Mechanism of DNA replication (Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes)
● Transcription in Eukaryotes.
● RNA Processing.
2. Biostatistics:
● Introduction and concept - Standard error, Chi Square
● Problems based on Standard error, Chi Square
Activities:
● Biostatistics: Designing and solving problems based on Standard error, Chi
Square using Excel
S. Y. BSc As Per NEP 2020 Minor Syllabus Scheme III
B.Sc. (Botany) (Sem.- III)
Minor Botany Paper: Integrated Approaches in Plant Sciences I
Module 1: Cryptogams 15 Lectures
1. Thallophyta:
● Interesting Facts about Algae
● Systematic position (G. M. Smith 1955), and life cycle (excluding
development stages of sex organs) of Vaucheria
● Interesting Facts about Fungi
● Systematic position (G. M. Smith 1955), and life cycle (excluding
development stages of sex organs) of Xylaria
2. Bryophyta and Pteridophyta:
● Thallus structure of liverworts, Hornworts & Mosses. (One example of each)
● Habitat and Pteridophytes: Aquatic, terrestrial and xerophytic.
Activity:
● Poster Presentation / Oral Presentation / Digital Collection of Thallophyta, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta.
Module 2: Cytogenetics and Biostatistics 15 Lectures
1. Cell Biology:
● Ultrastructure and functions of cell organelles: Nucleus, Golgi bodies.
● Meiosis in Plant Cells and its Significance.
2. Cytogenetics
● Variation in Chromosome number: Aneuploidy, Euploidy and its types.
3. Molecular biology and Biostatistics
● Transcription in Eukaryotes
● RNA processing
4. Biostatistics:
● Introduction, concept and problems based on Standard error, Chi Square.
Activity:
● Poster Presentation / Oral Presentation / Model of Nucleus, Golgi bodies,
Transcription, Variation in Chromosome number
TY BOT Sem V IKS- Indian Knowledge System (Theory)
IKS-Indian Knowledge System
Course Objectives:
To enable the learner to
To explore the historical and conceptual foundations of IKS in plant science and ethnobotany.
To analyze contributions of ancient Indian scholars and traditional plant classification systems in relation to modern botanical taxonomy.
To examine and correlate practical applications of IKS in herbal formulations, agriculture, and modern plant-based industries.
To explain preservation, IPR, and global recognition of traditional knowledge.
Course Outcomes:
The learner will be able to:
Explain the concept, scope, and historical contributions of IKS to plant science and
ethnobotany.
Describe traditional plant classification systems and their ecological applications.
Discuss key IKS herbal formulations and their relevance to nutraceuticals and
wellness and preventive healthcare.
Evaluate preservation strategies, IPR issues, and sustainable applications of IKS in
agriculture and industry
Module 1: Indian Knowledge System (IKS) in Plant Science 1 Credit
● Concept and scope of IKS in plant science
● Contribution of Ancient Indian Scholars to Botany
Sushruta, Charaka, Varahamihira, Surapala
● Classification of Plants based morphology
(Vruksha, Gulma, Aushadhi, Lata,Trina)
● Classification by Habitat (Vanaspatya, Upavana, Kshetraja, Jalaja, Parvatya,
Marusthali)
● Plants described in Indian Epics, Role of plants in rituals, festivals and medicine
● Traditional conservation practices: Sacred groves, temple forests, religious practices
● Ecological and Ethical Considerations
Activities:
● Classify local plants into Vruksha, Gulma, Aushadhi, Lata, Trina.
● Visit or virtual documentation of a local sacred grove / Plants in Epics
Module 2: Indian Knowledge System (IKS) Applications 1 Credit
IKS related Herbal formulation types- Churna (Powders), Asava and Arishta
(Fermented Liquids), Taila and Ghrita (Medicated Oils and Ghee), Avaleha (Semi-
solid Pastes/Confections), Vati and Gutika (Pills and Tablets), Kashaya
(Decoctions), Swarasa (Fresh Juice), Kalka (Paste).
● Use of IKS nutraceutical, and contemporary wellness industry Triphala churn,
Chyavanprash, Dashmularishta, Vasarishta.
● Significance of preservation of traditional knowledge, Bhoj Patra, Traditional
Knowledge Digital Library, global recognition (WHO, AYUSH initiatives)
● Intellectual Property Rights: Protection of traditional knowledge, Biopiracy issues.
● Applications of IKS in agriculture (Krishi Shatra) aromatherapy, climate resilience,
plant based industries
● IKS-inspired sustainable products like herbal dyes, bio-pesticides, biodegradable
materials
Activities:
Herbal formulation / Traditional Knowledge (Digital Library) & Biopiracy Mini Project /
Product Designing
TY BOT Sem V VSC- Herbal Quality Control and Analytical Techniques (Practical)
VSC- Herbal Quality Control and Analytical Techniques (Practical)
Course Objectives:
To enable the learner to
Perform physicochemical evaluation of plant and herbal materials using standard quality parameters.
Develop skills in phytochemical quantification and chromatographic fingerprinting of herbal drugs.
Acquire industry-oriented laboratory competence through SOP preparation and execution.
Apply basic statistical and correlation analysis for interpretation of experimental data.
Course Outcomes:
The learner will be able to:
Determine and interpret foaming index, swelling index, pH, conductivity, and Brix analysis of plant extracts.
Quantify phytochemicals and perform TLC fingerprinting for quality evaluation and adulteration detection.
Prepare and follow SOPs for routine herbal laboratory and analytical operations.
Analyze experimental data using basic statistical tools and identify trends and correlations
External Practical’s
1. Determination of foaming index and Swelling index.
2. Measure pH, electrical conductivity of Wheat grass juice or aqueous extracts like Jamun seed powder.
3. Quantify total phenolics using UV-Vis spectrophotometry or colorimetric assays Arjuna bark, Fennel powder.
4. Analyze herbal extracts (e.g. Ashwagandha) on silica gel TLC plates. Detect marker compounds and adulteration using Rf values and UV/iodine visualization.
5. Draft and execute SOPs for weighing herbal powders, solvent extraction, microbial plating, TLC, and simple instruments (pH meter, Electrical conductivity meter, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Colorimeter, Incubator, Oven, Autoclave, Centrifuge, Water bath)
6. Calculate mean, standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), and percentages for replicate measurements. (Using Excel)
7. Compare variables such as moisture content vs. microbial load, water activity vs. CFU, antioxidant activity vs. phenolic content. (Problem based). Identify trends and relationships between QC parameters.
Internal Practicals
1. Perform serial dilutions and plate counts to estimate Total Plate Count (TPC) and Yeast-Mold Count (YMC) in herbal powders or juices.
2. Separate and quantify foreign matter (dust, sand, soil, or other plant parts) from herbal powders.
3. Monitor microbial load on workbenches, incubators, and air using settle plates and swabs.
4. Mock Documentation, COA Preparation & Batch Release Simulation