Semester-V Year: 2023-24
Course T.Y.B.Sc. (Botany)
Course Code: USBO504 Paper: IV
Title: CURRENT TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCES II
UNIT I: ETHNOBOTANY AND MUSHROOM INDUSTRY
Ethnobotany - Definition, history, sources of data and methods of study.
Applications of ethnobotany 1) Ethnomedicines 2) Agriculture 3) Edible plants 4) Famine related plants, 5) Toxic plants and Antidotes.
Traditional medicines as used by tribal in Maharashtra towards
i) Skin ailments: Rubia cordfolia, Sandalwood
ii) Liver ailments : Phyllanthus , Andrographis
iii) Wound healing and ageing: Centella, Typha, Terminalia, Tridax
iv) Fever : Vitex negundo, Tinospora cordifolia leaves
v) Diabetis: Momordica charantia, Syzygium cuminii
Mushroom industry:
i)Detail general account of production of mushrooms with respect to methods of Composting, spawning, casing, harvesting of mushroom.
Cultivation of Pleurotus, Agaricus, Volvariella Mushroom to be studied in detail.
ii)General account of mushrooms: Nutritional value, picking and packaging, economic importance.
Unit II BIOTECHNOLOGY I
Construction of genomic DNA libraries, Chromosome libraries and c- DNA libraries.
Identification of specific cloned sequences in cDNA libraries and Genomic libraries
Analysis of genes and gene transcripts – Restriction enzyme, analysis of cloned DNA sequences.
Hybridization (Southern Hybridization)
UNIT III INSTRUMENTATION
Colorimetry and Spectrophotometry (Visible, UV and IR)- Instrumentation, working, principle and applications.
Chromatography: General account of Column chromatography. Principle and bedding material involved in adsorbtion and partition chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, molecular sieve chromatography.
UNIT IV PHARMACOGNOSY AND MEDICINAL BOTANY
Monographs of drugs with reference to biological sources, geographical distribution, common varieties, macro and microscopic characters, chemical constituents, therapeutic uses, adulterants- Strychnos seeds,
Senna leaves, Clove buds, Allium sativum, Acorus calamus and Curcuma longa.
Semester-III Year: 2023-24
Course S.Y.B.Sc. (Botany)
Course Code USBO303 Paper III
Title CURRENT TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCES I
Unit1: Pharmacognosy and phytochemistry
Introduction to pharmacopoeia Indian pharmacopoeia, Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia and Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia Study of Monograph from pharmacopoeia
Secondary Metabolites: Sources, properties, uses and adulterants, regional and seasonal variations
Adulterants: Saraca asoca, Polyalthia longifolia Terminalia arjuna, Terminalia tomentosa Bacopa monnieri, Centella asiatica Abrus, Glycyrrhiza Phyllanthus amarus (Bhuiamla).
Unit 2: Forestry and Economic Botany Forestry:
Outline of types of forest in India Forestry: Agro-forestry, Urban forestry, organic farming, Silviculture Economic Botany: Types of fibers: Jute and cotton, Current trends in Fiber industries
Spices and condiments: Saffron and cardamom Commercial market of spices
Unit 3: Industry based on plant products
Aromatherapy- Introduction, Uses with few examples. Jojoba, lemon, jasmin
Botanical and nutraceuticals -Spirulina, Vanillin, Garcinia indica/ Garcinia cambogia, Chlorella, and Kale.
Enzymes industry: Cellulases, Papain, Bromelain
Biofuels.
Semester-VI Year: 2023-24
Course T.Y.B.Sc. (Botany) Paper IV
USBO604: Current Trends in Plant Science – II
Unit I: Plant Biotechnology II
DNA sequence analysis– Maxam – Gilbert Method and Sanger’s method, Pyro Sequencing.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
DNA barcoding: Basic features, nuclear genome sequence, chloroplast genome sequence, rbcL gene sequence, mat K gene sequence, present status of barcoding in plants.
Unit IV: Bioinformatics (Shifted from Paper – III)
Organization of biological data, databases
Exploration of data bases, retrieval of desired data, BLAST.
Protein structure analysis and application
Multiple sequence analysis and phylogenetic analysis
Unit III: Economic Botany
Essential Oils: Extraction, perfumes, perfume oils, oil of Rose, Sandalwood, Patchouli, Champaca, grass oils: Citronella, Vetiver.
Fatty oils: Drying oil (Linseed and Soyabean oil), semidrying oils
(Cotton seed, Sesame oil) and non-drying oils (Olive oil and Peanut oil),
Vegetable Fats: Coconut and Palm oil
Unit IV : Post Harvest Technology
Storage of Plant Produce –Preservation of Fruits and Vegetables
Drying (Dehydration) – Natural conditions – Sun drying,
Artificial Drying – Hot Air Drying, Vacuum Drying,
Osmotically Dried Fruits, Crystallized or Candied Fruits, Fruit
Leather, Freeze Drying)
Freezing (Cold Air Blast System, Liquid Immersion method,
Plate Freezers, Cryogenic Freezing, Dehydro-Freezing, Freeze Drying),
Canning
Pickling (in Brine, in Vinegar, Indian Pickles)
Sugar Concentrates (Jams, Jellies, Fruit juices)
Food Preservatives
Use of Antioxidants in Preservation
Semester-VI Year: 2023-24
Course T.Y.B.Sc. (Botany)
USBOP604: PRACTICAL PAPER IV CURRENT TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCES-II
Plant Biotechnology II
DNA sequencing by Sanger’s Method and Pyro Sequencing Method
DNA barcoding of plant material by using suitable data
Bioinformatics
BLAST: nBLAST, pBLAST
Multiple sequence alignment
Phylogenetic analysis
RASMOL/SPDBV
Economic Botany
Demonstration: Extraction of essential oil using Clevenger
Thin layer chromatography of essential oil of Patchouli and Citronella
Saponification value of Palm oil
Post-Harvest Technology
Preparation of Squash, Jam, Jelly, Pickle
Semester-IV Year: 2023-24
Course S.Y.B.Sc. (Botany)
USBO403: PAPER III CURRENT TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCES-I
Unit I : Horticulture and Gardening
Introduction to Horticulture:
Branches of Horticulture Gardening:
Locations in the garden- edges, hedges, lawn, flower beds, avenue, water garden (with names of two plants for each category).
Focal point.
Types of garden o Formal and informal gardens
National Park: Sanjay Gandhi National Park.
Botanical Garden: Veer Mata JijabaiUdyan (Victoria Garden).
Unit II : Biotechnology
Introduction to plant tissue culture
Laboratory organization and techniques in plant tissue culture
Totipotency
Organogenesis
Organ culture – root cultures, meristem cultures, anther and pollen culture, embryo culture. R-DNA technology-
Gene cloning
Enzymes involved in Gene cloning
Vectors used for Gene cloning.
Unit III : Biostatistics and Bioinformatics
Biostatistics:
The chi square test.
Correlation – Calculation of coefficient of correlation.
Bioinformatics
Information technology: History and tools of IT, Internet and its uses.
Introduction to Bioinformatics- goal, need, scope and limitation
Aims of Bioinformatics: Data organization, Tools of Bioinformatics- tools for web search, Data retrieval tools- Entrez,
BLAST
Bioinformatics programme in India.
Semester-IV Year: 2023-24
Course S.Y.B.Sc. (Botany)
USBOP03: PRACTICL PAPER III CURRENT TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCES-I
Horticulture
1. Study of five examples of plants for each of the garden locations as prescribed for theory
2. Preparation of garden plans – formal and informal gardens
3 .Bottle and dish garden preparation.
Biotechnology
4. Various sterilization techniques
5. Preparation of Stock solutions, Preparation of MS medium.
6. Seed sterilization, callus induction
7. Regeneration of plantlet from callus.
8. Identification of the cloning vectors – pBR322, pUC 18, Ti plasmid.
Biostatistics and Bioinformatics
9. Chi square test
10. Calculation of coefficient of correlation
11. Web Search – Google, Entrez.
12. BLAST