Academic Year 2024 2025

Semester-V Year: 2024-25

Course                                                                T.Y.B.Sc. (Botany)                                             

Course Code:   USBO504        Paper: IV

Title:    CURRENT TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCES II

UNIT I: ETHNOBOTANY AND MUSHROOM INDUSTRY

Ethnobotany - Definition, history, sources of data and methods of study.

Applications of ethnobotany 1) Ethnomedicines 2) Agriculture 3) Edible plants 4) Famine related plants, 5) Toxic plants and Antidotes.

Traditional medicines as used by tribal in Maharashtra towards

i) Skin ailments: Rubia cordfolia, Sandalwood

ii) Liver ailments : Phyllanthus , Andrographis

iii) Wound healing and ageing: Centella, Typha, Terminalia, Tridax

iv) Fever : Vitex negundo, Tinospora cordifolia leaves

v) Diabetis: Momordica charantia, Syzygium cuminii 

Mushroom industry:

i)Detail general account of production of mushrooms with respect to methods of Composting, spawning, casing, harvesting of mushroom.

Cultivation of Pleurotus, Agaricus, Volvariella Mushroom to be studied in detail.

ii)General account of mushrooms: Nutritional value, picking and packaging, economic importance.

Unit II BIOTECHNOLOGY I

 Construction of genomic DNA libraries, Chromosome libraries and c- DNA libraries.

 Identification of specific cloned sequences in cDNA libraries and Genomic libraries

 Analysis of genes and gene transcripts – Restriction enzyme, analysis of cloned DNA sequences.

Hybridization (Southern Hybridization)

UNIT III INSTRUMENTATION

Colorimetry and Spectrophotometry (Visible, UV and IR)- Instrumentation, working, principle and applications.

Chromatography: General account of Column chromatography. Principle and bedding material involved in adsorbtion and partition chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, molecular sieve chromatography.

UNIT IV PHARMACOGNOSY AND MEDICINAL BOTANY

Monographs of drugs with reference to biological sources, geographical distribution, common varieties, macro and microscopic characters, chemical constituents, therapeutic uses, adulterants- Strychnos seeds,

Senna leaves, Clove buds, Allium sativum, Acorus calamus and Curcuma longa.

Semester-III Year: 2024-25

Course            S.Y.B.Sc. (Botany)

                   Course Code    USBO303                                                  Paper III

                    Title    CURRENT TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCES I

Unit1: Pharmacognosy and phytochemistry 

 Introduction to pharmacopoeia  Indian pharmacopoeia, Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia and Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia  Study of Monograph from pharmacopoeia  

Secondary Metabolites: Sources, properties, uses and adulterants, regional and seasonal variations 

 Adulterants: Saraca asoca, Polyalthia longifolia Terminalia arjuna, Terminalia tomentosa Bacopa monnieri, Centella asiatica Abrus, Glycyrrhiza Phyllanthus amarus (Bhuiamla).

Unit 2: Forestry and Economic Botany  Forestry: 

Outline of types of forest in India  Forestry: Agro-forestry, Urban forestry, organic farming, Silviculture  Economic Botany:  Types of fibers: Jute and cotton,  Current trends in Fiber industries 

 Spices and condiments: Saffron and cardamom  Commercial market of spices

Unit 3: Industry based on plant products  

Aromatherapy-  Introduction, Uses with few examples. Jojoba, lemon, jasmin  

Botanical and nutraceuticals -Spirulina, Vanillin, Garcinia indica/ Garcinia cambogia, Chlorella, and Kale.  

Enzymes industry: Cellulases, Papain, Bromelain  

Biofuels.

Semester-VI Year: 2024-25

                 Course                                              T.Y.B.Sc. (Botany)                             Paper IV               

USBO604: Current Trends in Plant Science – II

Unit I: Plant Biotechnology II

 DNA sequence analysis– Maxam – Gilbert Method and Sanger’s method, Pyro Sequencing.

 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).

 DNA barcoding: Basic features, nuclear genome sequence, chloroplast genome sequence, rbcL gene sequence, mat K gene sequence, present status of barcoding in plants.

Unit IV: Bioinformatics (Shifted from Paper – III)

 Organization of biological data, databases

 Exploration of data bases, retrieval of desired data, BLAST.

 Protein structure analysis and application

 Multiple sequence analysis and phylogenetic analysis

Unit III: Economic Botany

 Essential Oils: Extraction, perfumes, perfume oils, oil of Rose, Sandalwood, Patchouli, Champaca, grass oils: Citronella, Vetiver.

 Fatty oils: Drying oil (Linseed and Soyabean oil), semidrying oils

(Cotton seed, Sesame oil) and non-drying oils (Olive oil and Peanut oil),

 Vegetable Fats: Coconut and Palm oil

Unit IV : Post Harvest Technology

 Storage of Plant Produce –Preservation of Fruits and Vegetables

 Drying (Dehydration) – Natural conditions – Sun drying,

Artificial Drying – Hot Air Drying, Vacuum Drying,

Osmotically Dried Fruits, Crystallized or Candied Fruits, Fruit

Leather, Freeze Drying)

 Freezing (Cold Air Blast System, Liquid Immersion method,

Plate Freezers, Cryogenic Freezing, Dehydro-Freezing, Freeze Drying),

 Canning

 Pickling (in Brine, in Vinegar, Indian Pickles)

 Sugar Concentrates (Jams, Jellies, Fruit juices)

 Food Preservatives

 Use of Antioxidants in Preservation

Semester-VI Year: 2024-25 2023

                 Course                                              T.Y.B.Sc. (Botany)                                             

USBOP604: PRACTICAL PAPER IV CURRENT TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCES-II

Plant Biotechnology II

 DNA sequencing by Sanger’s Method and Pyro Sequencing Method

 DNA barcoding of plant material by using suitable data

Bioinformatics

 BLAST: nBLAST, pBLAST

 Multiple sequence alignment

 Phylogenetic analysis

 RASMOL/SPDBV

Economic Botany

 Demonstration: Extraction of essential oil using Clevenger

 Thin layer chromatography of essential oil of Patchouli and Citronella

 Saponification value of Palm oil

Post-Harvest Technology

 Preparation of  Squash,  Jam,  Jelly,  Pickle

Semester-IV Year: 2024 2025

                        Course                                                                       S.Y.B.Sc. (Botany)                                             

USBO403: PAPER III CURRENT TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCES-I

Unit I : Horticulture and Gardening 

Introduction to Horticulture: 

Branches of Horticulture Gardening:

  Locations in the garden- edges, hedges, lawn, flower beds, avenue, water garden (with names of two plants for each category). 

Focal point.  

Types of garden o Formal and informal gardens 

 National Park: Sanjay Gandhi National Park. 

 Botanical Garden: Veer Mata JijabaiUdyan (Victoria Garden).

Unit II : Biotechnology  

Introduction to plant tissue culture 

Laboratory organization and techniques in plant tissue culture 

Totipotency 

Organogenesis 

Organ culture – root cultures, meristem cultures, anther and pollen culture, embryo culture.  R-DNA technology- 

Gene cloning 

Enzymes involved in Gene cloning 

Vectors used for Gene cloning.

Unit III : Biostatistics and Bioinformatics 

 Biostatistics: 

 The chi square test. 

 Correlation – Calculation of coefficient of correlation.

  Bioinformatics 

Information technology: History and tools of IT, Internet and its uses.

Introduction to Bioinformatics- goal, need, scope and limitation 

Aims of Bioinformatics: Data organization, Tools of Bioinformatics- tools for web search, Data retrieval tools- Entrez, 

BLAST 

 Bioinformatics programme in India.

Semester-IV Year: 2024-25

                        Course                                                                       S.Y.B.Sc. (Botany)                                             

USBOP03: PRACTICL PAPER III CURRENT TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCES-I

Horticulture

1. Study of five examples of plants for each of the garden locations as prescribed for theory

2. Preparation of garden plans – formal and informal gardens

3 .Bottle and dish garden preparation.

Biotechnology

4. Various sterilization techniques

5. Preparation of Stock solutions, Preparation of MS medium.

6. Seed sterilization, callus induction

7. Regeneration of plantlet from callus.

8. Identification of the cloning vectors – pBR322, pUC 18, Ti plasmid.

Biostatistics and Bioinformatics

9. Chi square test

10. Calculation of coefficient of correlation

11. Web Search – Google, Entrez.

12. BLAST

FY BSC Sem I                                                                                                                                 Skill Enhancement Courses (SEC)

Name of the Course: Tools and Techniques in Plant Science (Practical)

60 Hours                                                          Credits: 02

List of Practical’s

Module 1: Introduction to Laboratory Tools and Instruments

1.1 Study of Basic Laboratory Instruments (Microscope, Colorimeter, Autoclave, Oven, Incubator, Laminar Air Chamber, Tilak Air Sampler).

1.2 Study of stains and staining techniques.

Module 2: Microscopy and staining Techniques

2.1 Microslide Preparation—Whole Mounts, Smears, Squashes

2.2 Plant Microtechnique (T.S., L.S., R.L.S., T.L.S.)

Module 3: Separation techniques

3.1 Separation of Amino Acids by Paper Chromatography

3.2 Separation of Sugars by Thin-Layer Chromatography

Module 4: Biochemical analysis

4.1 Qualitative Tests for plant Metabolites (Proteins, Carbohydrates, Alkaloids, Tannins)

4.2 Study and verification of Beer and Lambert’s Law

Module 5: Basic Molecular Technique

5.1 Genomic DNA Extraction

Module 6. Soil Analysis Techniques

6.1 Determination of temperature and pH of different Soil Samples

Module 7. Computer Techniques

71. Study of photo micrographic techniques

7.2. Use of computer for preparation of Tables, Graphs and Presentations (MS Office)

Note: This course is designed to provide foundational skills in plant science laboratory techniques. The practical assessments and final project are structured to evaluate students' proficiency and understanding, preparing them for potential careers in plant science research and related fields