Unit I: Ethnobotany and Mushroom Industry
1. What is Ethnobotany?
a) Study of animal behavior
b) Study of plant usage through traditional knowledge
c) Study of modern plant genetics
d) Study of geological formations
e) Correct Answer: b) Study of plant usage through traditional knowledge
2. Which field is combined with botany in ethnobotany?
a) Anthropology
b) Chemistry
c) Geology
d) Physics
e) Correct Answer: a) Anthropology
3. Who is considered the "father of ethnobotany"?
a) J.W. Harshberger
b) Richard Evans Schultes
c) Carl Linnaeus
d) Charles Darwin
e) Correct Answer: b) Richard Evans Schultes
4. Which ancient Indian text mentions plant usage?
a) Rigveda
b) Bible
c) Sushruta Samhita
d) Charak Samhita
e) Correct Answer: a, c and d
5. What does ethnomedicine study?
a) Chemical synthesis of drugs
b) Modern healthcare systems
c) Traditional medicinal practices and remedies
d) Environmental conservation
e) Correct Answer: c) Traditional medicinal practices and remedies
6. Which term describes the study of traditional uses of fungi?
a) Ethnopharmacology
b) Ethnobiology
c) Ethnomycology
d) Ethnoentomology
e) Correct Answer: c) Ethnomycology
7. Which disciplines contribute to ethnobotanical research?
a) Pharmacology
b) Ecology
c) Anthropology
d) Economics
e) Correct Answer: a-b and c
8. Which ethnobotanical sub-discipline focuses on the management of forests?
a) Ethnoforestry
b) Ethnomusicology
c) Ethnomycology
d) Ethnopharmacology
e) Correct Answer: a) Ethnoforestry
9. What information can fossils provide in ethnobotany?
a) Diet of animals in ancient times
b) Modern plant hybridization
c) Ancient methods of plant preservation
d) Use of plants in furniture
e) Correct Answer: a) Diet of animals in ancient times
10. Which of the following is a traditional agricultural practice?
a) Use of synthetic fertilizers
b) Farmyard manure (FYM)
c) Monoculture farming
d) Industrial irrigation
Correct Answer: b) Farmyard manure (FYM)
11. What is the primary focus of Ethnoecology?
a) Study of folk songs
b) Study of ecosystems through cultural perception
c) Study of human migrations
d) Study of pharmacological compounds in plants
Correct Answer: b) Study of ecosystems through cultural perception
12. Which plant is renowned as a blood-purifying herb in traditional medicine?
a) Santalum album
b) Rubia cordifolia
c) Andrographis paniculata
d) Phyllanthus niruri
Correct Answer: b) Rubia cordifolia
13. Which part of Santalum album is primarily used for skin ailments?
a) Root
b) Leaves
c) Stem (heartwood)
d) Flowers
Correct Answer: c) Stem (heartwood)
14. What are least likely to correct in regards to the benefits of Sandalwood oil for the skin?
a) Moisturizes dry skin
b) Fades scars and blemishes
c) Treats liver ailments
d) Promotes skin rejuvenation
Correct Answer: c)Treats liver ailments
15. Which medicinal plant protects the liver against toxins like acetaminophen?
a) Centella asiatica
b) Andrographis paniculata
c) Phyllanthus niruri
d) Typha angustifolia
Correct Answer: b) Andrographis paniculata
16. Which plant is traditionally used to treat hepatitis B infections?
a) Santalum album
b) Rubia cordifolia
c) Phyllanthus niruri
d) Centella asiatica
Correct Answer: c) Phyllanthus niruri
17. Andrographis paniculata is known for which of the following effects?
a) Protecting liver and kidneys
b) Enhancing cognitive functions
c) Promoting skin healing
d) Reducing blood sugar
Correct Answer: a) Protecting liver and kidneys
18. Which traditional medicinal plant is used for cognitive enhancement and wound healing?
a) Phyllanthus niruri
b) Centella asiatica
c) Typha angustifolia
d) Rubia cordifolia
Correct Answer: b) Centella asiatica
19. What is the primary medicinal role of Tridax procumbens in wound treatment?
a) Staunch bleeding and prevent infections
b) Stimulate tissue regeneration
c) Increase tensile strength
d) Promote epithelialization
Correct Answer: a) Staunch bleeding and prevent infections
20. Which phytochemical in Vitex negundo is responsible for its anti-inflammatory properties?
a) Flavonoids
b) Aucubin
c) Polypeptide-P
d) Tannins
Correct Answer: b) Aucubin
21. Which medicinal plant is traditionally used for treating fever caused by pneumonia and cold?
a) Terminalia arjuna
b) Tinospora cordifolia
c) Vitex negundo
d) Syzygium cuminii
Correct Answer: c) Vitex negundo
22. What part of Momordica charantia is used for its hypoglycemic effects in diabetes treatment?
a) Roots
b) Fruit, seeds, and tissue
c) Leaves and bark
d) Flowers
Correct Answer: b) Fruit, seeds, and tissue
23. Which medicinal plant is known to reduce cholesterol and triglyceride levels in diabetic patients?
a) Momordica charantia
b) Tinospora cordifolia
c) Terminalia arjuna
d) Syzygium cuminii
Correct Answer: a) Momordica charantia
24. Which part of Syzygium cuminii is utilized for treating diabetes?
a) Root and leaves
b) Seeds and bark
c) Flowers and fruit
d) Seeds and fruit
Correct Answer: d) Seeds and fruit
25. Which process involves mixing organic materials like straw and manure to create a nutrient-rich substrate for Agaricus cultivation?
a) Spawning
b) Pasteurization
c) Composting
d) Fermentation
Correct Answer: c) Composting
26. What is the primary purpose of pasteurizing the substrate used for Pleurotus cultivation?
a) To enhance the nutritional content of the substrate
b) To eliminate competing organisms
c) To stimulate faster mycelium growth
d) To retain moisture in the substrate
Correct Answer: b) To eliminate competing organisms
27. Mushrooms are a good source of which mineral, important for maintaining healthy blood pressure and heart function?
a) Iron
b) Potassium
c) Calcium
d) Zinc
Correct Answer: b) Potassium
28. Which of the following mushroom species is known for being more perishable and requiring specific storage conditions after harvesting?
a) Agaricus (Button Mushroom)
b) Pleurotus (Oyster Mushroom)
c) Volvariella (Straw Mushroom)
d) Shiitake Mushroom
Correct Answer: b) Pleurotus (Oyster Mushroom)
29. Which of the following substrates is commonly used for the cultivation of Pleurotus (Oyster Mushroom)?
a) Horse manure
b) Rice straw
c) Sawdust and agricultural waste
d) Peat moss
Correct Answer: c) Sawdust and agricultural waste
30. In India, mushrooms are classified under which category of food?
a) Staple food
b) Luxurious food
c) Minor food item
d) Medicinal food
Correct Answer: b) Luxurious food.
Unit II: Plant Biotechnology I
1. What is the primary objective of constructing a genomic DNA library?
a) To store proteins for gene expression
b) To obtain a complete set of cloned DNA fragments
c) To isolate mRNA from eukaryotes
d) To clone only intron sequences
Correct Answer: b) To obtain a complete set of cloned DNA fragments
2. Which of the following methods is used for isolating high molecular weight DNA in eukaryotes?
a) SDS or CTAB methods
b) Mechanical shearing
c) Agarose gel electrophoresis
d) Protein purification
Correct Answer: a) SDS or CTAB methods
3. What type of restriction enzyme digestion is commonly used to generate fragments for genomic libraries?
a) Complete digestion
b) Partial digestion
c) No digestion required
d) Mechanical shearing only
Correct Answer: b) Partial digestion
4. Which enzyme is often used for the synthesis of cDNA from mRNA?
a) DNA polymerase
b) Reverse transcriptase
c) RNA polymerase
d) Ligase
Correct Answer: b) Reverse transcriptase
5. In cDNA libraries, which type of RNA is primarily used as a template?
a) rRNA
b) tRNA
c) mRNA
d) All RNA types
Correct Answer: c) mRNA
6. What is the role of a selectable marker in a cloning vector?
a) To synthesize cDNA
b) To ensure the replication of mRNA
c) To allow identification of successfully transformed cells
d) To protect DNA from degradation
Correct Answer: c) To allow identification of successfully transformed cells
7. What is the function of linkers in cDNA library construction?
a) To separate mRNA from rRNA
b) To add restriction enzyme sites to cDNA
c) To elongate the poly(A) tail
d) To stabilize the mRNA
Correct Answer: b) To add restriction enzyme sites to cDNA
8. Which type of DNA library is focused on the structural integrity of individual chromosomes?
a) Genomic library
b) Chromosome library
c) cDNA library
d) Plasmid library
Correct Answer: b) Chromosome library
9. Which vector is NOT commonly used for constructing large DNA libraries?
a) Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC)
b) Yeast Artificial Chromosome (YAC)
c) Plasmid
d) Mammalian Artificial Chromosome (MAC)
Correct Answer: c) Plasmid
10. Which technique can be used to identify specific chromosomal clones in a chromosome library?
a) Western blotting
b) FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization)
c) ELISA
d) Mass spectrometry
Correct Answer: b) FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization)
11. What is the primary difference between a genomic library and a cDNA library?
a) Genomic libraries contain only coding regions
b) cDNA libraries contain introns
c) Genomic libraries represent the entire genome
d) cDNA libraries contain only exons
Correct Answer: d) cDNA libraries contain only exons
12. Which of the following vectors has the highest capacity for DNA inserts?
a) Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC)
b) Plasmid
c) Phage
d) Cosmid
Correct Answer: a) Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC)
13. Which enzyme is used to trim single-stranded cDNA to produce blunt-ended double-stranded cDNA?
a) DNA ligase
b) S1 nuclease
c) Reverse transcriptase
d) DNA polymerase
Correct Answer: b) S1 nuclease
14. Which vector is commonly used for cloning large DNA inserts in yeast?
a) BAC
b) YAC
c) Cosmid
d) Plasmid
Correct Answer: b) YAC
15. What is a major challenge in constructing chromosome libraries?
a) Obtaining high-quality RNA
b) Isolating intact chromosomes
c) Sequencing small fragments
d) Avoiding partial digestion
Correct Answer: b) Isolating intact chromosomes
16. Which of the following methods is commonly used to isolate mRNA for cDNA library construction?
a) Electrophoresis
b) Centrifugation
c) Oligo-dT column chromatography
d) Sonication
Correct Answer: c) Oligo-dT column chromatography
17. Which type of cDNA vector can be used to produce fusion proteins with LacZ?
a) Lambda gt10
b) Lambda gt11
c) YAC
d) BAC
Correct Answer: b) Lambda gt11
18. In which type of library are non-coding sequences, such as introns, typically excluded?
a) Genomic DNA library
b) Chromosome library
c) cDNA library
d) Cosmid library
Correct Answer: c) cDNA library
19. Which of the following methods can be used to screen cDNA libraries for specific sequences?
a) Southern blotting
b) FISH
c) DNA sequencing
d) Mass spectrometry
Correct Answer: a) Southern blotting
20. Which polymerase is responsible for synthesizing the complementary strand in cDNA synthesis?
a) Taq polymerase
b) DNA polymerase I
c) Reverse transcriptase
d) RNA polymerase
Correct Answer: c) Reverse transcriptase
21. What is the first step in gene analysis?
a) RNA Sequencing
b) Reverse Transcription
c) Gene Identification and Annotation
d) Quantitative PCR
Correct Answer: c) Gene Identification and Annotation
22. Which of the following techniques is used for RNA isolation?
a) Southern Blotting
b) TRIzol extraction
c) Northern Blotting
d) In situ Hybridization
Correct Answer: b) TRIzol extraction
23. What does reverse transcription (RT) convert RNA into?
a) DNA
b) cDNA
c) Protein
d) mRNA
Correct Answer: b) cDNA
24. What is the primary purpose of quantitative PCR (qPCR)?
a) Gene annotation
b) DNA sequencing
c) Quantification of gene expression
d) RNA splicing
Correct Answer: c) Quantification of gene expression
25. Which of the following is a high-throughput technique used to study the entire transcriptome?
a) Northern Blotting
b) Southern Blotting
c) RNA Sequencing (RNA-seq)
d) PCR
Correct Answer: c) RNA Sequencing (RNA-seq)
26. What is the purpose of Northern blotting?
a) To quantify DNA fragments
b) To detect specific RNA transcripts
c) To synthesize cDNA
d) To study protein-DNA interactions
Correct Answer: b) To detect specific RNA transcripts
27. Which technique allows visualization of gene expression patterns in tissues?
a) qPCR
b) In situ Hybridization
c) RNA-seq
d) Gel Electrophoresis
Correct Answer: b) In situ Hybridization
28. What process generates multiple mRNA isoforms from a single gene?
a) Reverse transcription
b) Alternative splicing
c) Gene mapping
d) DNA sequencing
Correct Answer: b) Alternative splicing
29. What is used to label the DNA probe in Southern Hybridization for detection?
a) Enzymes
b) Nucleotides
c) Radioactive isotope or fluorescent tag
d) DNA polymerase
Correct Answer: c) Radioactive isotope or fluorescent tag
30. Which enzyme produces "sticky ends" in DNA?
a) DNA Ligase
b) EcoRI
c) RNA Polymerase
d) Reverse Transcriptase
Correct Answer: b) EcoRI
Unit III: Instrumentation
1. What is the primary purpose of colorimetry?
a) To measure the concentration of light-absorbing substances in a solution
b) To measure temperature variations
c) To calculate pressure in gases
d) To analyze chemical reactions
Answer: a) To measure the concentration of light-absorbing substances in a solution
2. Who invented the colorimeter?
a) Robert Hooke
b) Isaac Newton
c) Louis J. Duboscq
d) Albert Einstein
Answer: c) Louis J. Duboscq
3. According to Beer’s Law, the amount of light absorbed is directly proportional to:
a) The wavelength of light
b) The temperature of the solution
c) The concentration of solute in the solution
d) The thickness of the solution
Answer: c) The concentration of solute in the solution
4. What is the role of the monochromator in a colorimeter?
a) To focus light onto the sample
b) To produce monochromatic radiation from polychromatic radiation
c) To measure the absorbance of the solution
d) To amplify the electric signal
Answer: b) To produce monochromatic radiation from polychromatic radiation
5. Which of the following is NOT a component of colorimetry instrumentation?
a) Slit
b) Light source
c) Detector
d) Thermometer
Answer: d) Thermometer
6. Which law states that the amount of light absorbed is directly proportional to the thickness of the solution?
a) Beer’s Law
b) Lambert’s Law
c) Dalton’s Law
d) Charles’s Law
Answer: b) Lambert’s Law
7. The formula for transmittance (T) is:
a) T = I₀ ÷ It
b) T = log (1 ÷ I₀)
c) T = It ÷ I₀
d) T = I₀ × It
Answer: c) T = It ÷ I₀
8. What is the function of a cuvette in a spectrophotometer?
a) It disperses the light into different wavelengths
b) It holds the sample solution for light to pass through
c) It converts light into electrical signals
d) It generates a monochromatic light beam
Answer: b) It holds the sample solution for light to pass through
9. Which of the following light sources is commonly used in visible spectrophotometry?
a) Tungsten lamp
b) Deuterium lamp
c) Halogen lamp
d) Neon lamp
Answer: a) Tungsten lamp
10. Which region of the electromagnetic spectrum is used in UV spectrophotometry?
a) 700–1000 nm
b) 200–400 nm
c) 4000–7000 cm^-1
d) 1000–3000 nm
Answer: b) 200–400 nm
11. What does the Beer-Lambert Law relate absorbance to?
a) Concentration and wavelength
b) Concentration and path length
c) Wavelength and temperature
d) Path length and temperature
Answer: b) Concentration and path length
12. Which detector is commonly used in colorimetry?
a) Photomultiplier tube
b) Thermocouple
c) Infrared sensor
d) Scintillation counter
Answer: a) Photomultiplier tube
13. Spectrophotometry in the IR region is primarily used to analyze:
a) Transition metal complexes
b) Organic dyes
c) Functional groups and molecular structures
d) DNA quantification
Answer: c) Functional groups and molecular structures
14. In spectrophotometry, the absorbance (A) is calculated using which formula?
a) A = log (1 ÷ I₀)
b) A = log (T ÷ I₀)
c) A = -log (T)
d) A = It ÷ I₀
Answer: c) A = -log (T)
15. In environmental monitoring, colorimetry can be used to assess:
a) DNA and RNA concentrations
b) Water quality and pollutant concentrations
c) Enzyme kinetics
d) Protein-protein interactions
Answer: b) Water quality and pollutant concentrations
16. What is the main principle behind chromatography?
a) Solubility of compounds
b) Differential interaction between a mobile phase and stationary phase
c) Chemical reaction with the solvent
d) Absorption of light
Answer: b) Differential interaction between a mobile phase and stationary phase
17. Which type of chromatography involves a thin layer of stationary phase coated on a flat surface?
a) Gas Chromatography (GC)
b) Ion-Exchange Chromatography
c) Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC)
d) Liquid Chromatography (LC)
Answer: c) Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC)
18. In Gas Chromatography (GC), what is the mobile phase?
a) Solid
b) Liquid
c) Gas
d) Gel
Answer: c) Gas
19. Which chromatography technique is widely used for protein purification?
a) Size-Exclusion Chromatography
b) Ion-Exchange Chromatography
c) Gas Chromatography
d) Liquid Chromatography
Answer: b) Ion-Exchange Chromatography
20. In Size-Exclusion Chromatography, what determines the order in which molecules are eluted?
a) Molecular charge
b) Molecular size
c) Polarity
d) Affinity for the stationary phase
Answer: b) Molecular size
21. What stationary phase material is commonly used in Thin-Layer Chromatography?
a) Polyacrylamide
b) Silica gel
c) Agarose
d) Sodium chloride
Answer: b) Silica gel
22. Which of the following is NOT a type of ion-exchange resin?
a) Cation exchange resin
b) Anion exchange resin
c) Neutral exchange resin
d) Both cation and anion exchange resins are types
Answer: c) Neutral exchange resin
23. What is the role of the mobile phase in column chromatography?
a) To hold the stationary phase in place
b) To separate the stationary phase into components
c) To carry the sample through the stationary phase
d) To react with the sample
Answer: c) To carry the sample through the stationary phase
24. Which chromatography method separates compounds based on their partition between two liquid phases?
a) Partition Chromatography
b) Adsorption Chromatography
c) Ion-Exchange Chromatography
d) Affinity Chromatography
Answer: a) Partition Chromatography
25. What material is commonly used as the stationary phase in molecular sieve chromatography?
a) Polyacrylamide beads
b) Silica particles
c) Glass wool
d) Sodium chloride
Answer: a) Polyacrylamide beads
26. Which factor is most important in determining the retention time in Gas Chromatography (GC)?
a) Temperature of the column
b) Size of the sample
c) Polarity of the solvent
d) Interaction of the sample with the detector
Answer: a) Temperature of the column
27. Affinity chromatography is most commonly used to purify which type of biomolecules?
a) Proteins
b) Sugars
c) Lipids
d) Amino acids
Answer: a) Proteins
28. Which chromatography technique uses a gradient of ionic strength to separate ions?
a) Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC)
b) Gas Chromatography (GC)
c) Ion-Exchange Chromatography
d) Size-Exclusion Chromatography (SEC)
Answer: c) Ion-Exchange Chromatography
29. Which type of chromatography involves porous beads that trap smaller molecules?
a) Affinity Chromatography
b) Adsorption Chromatography
c) Size-Exclusion Chromatography
d) Ion-Exchange Chromatography
Answer: c) Size-Exclusion Chromatography
30. Which of the following is NOT a stationary phase used in Adsorption Chromatography?
a) Silica gel
b) Alumina
c) Cellulose
d) Polyacrylamide
Answer: d) Polyacrylamide
Unit IV: Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Botany
1. What is the primary alkaloid found in Strychnos nux-vomica seeds?
(a) Brucine
(b) Strychnine
(c) Hemicellulose
(d) Caffeotannic acid
Answer: (b) Strychnine
2. Which of the following is a geographical distribution of Strychnos nux-vomica?
(a) South America
(b) South India
(c) Europe
(d) North America
Answer: (b) South India
3. Which part of the Senna plant is primarily used for medicinal purposes?
(a) Roots
(b) Flowers
(c) Leaves
(d) Fruits
Answer: (c) Leaves
4. Senna leaves are primarily used as a:
(a) Diuretic
(b) Laxative
(c) Antipyretic
(d) Antiseptic
Answer: (b) Laxative
5. What type of crystals are commonly found in the spongy mesophyll of Senna leaves?
(a) Calcium phosphate
(b) Calcium oxalate
(c) Silica
(d) Sodium chloride
Answer: (b) Calcium oxalate
6. Which test is used to detect anthraquinones in Senna leaves?
(a) Strychnine Test
(b) Borntrager Test
(c) Brucine Test
(d) Hemicellulose Test
Answer: (b) Borntrager Test
7. Clove buds, a spice commonly used in cooking, belong to which family?
(a) Lamiaceae
(b) Myrtaceae
(c) Fabaceae
(d) Asteraceae
Answer: (b) Myrtaceae
8. What is the main therapeutic use of Allium sativum (garlic)?
(a) Anti-inflammatory
(b) Antimicrobial
(c) Antihypertensive
(d) Antioxidant
Answer: (c) Antihypertensive
9. Which part of Acorus calamus is used in traditional medicine?
(a) Leaves
(b) Roots
(c) Flowers
(d) Seeds
Answer: (b) Roots
10. Curcuma longa (turmeric) is primarily known for its:
(a) Bitter taste
(b) Antimicrobial properties
(c) Sweet flavor
(d) Stimulant effects
Answer: (b) Antimicrobial properties
11. What is the biological source of Clove?
(a) Bulb of Allium sativum
(b) Dried flower buds of Eugenia caryophyllus
(c) Dried rhizomes of Acorus calamus
(d) Dried rhizomes of Curcuma longa
Answer: (b) Dried flower buds of Eugenia caryophyllus
12. Where is Clove predominantly cultivated?
(a) United States
(b) Indonesia
(c) India
(d) China
Answer: (b) Indonesia
13. Which part of Clove is used medicinally?
(a) Rhizome
(b) Leaf
(c) Flower bud
(d) Stem
Answer: (c) Flower bud
14. What is the primary chemical constituent of Clove responsible for its properties?
(a) Allicin
(b) Curcumin
(c) Eugenol
(d) Acorin
Answer: (c) Eugenol
15. Clove oil exhibits which of the following properties?
(a) Antiseptic
(b) Sedative
(c) Analgesic
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above
16. Which of the following is a common adulterant of Clove?
(a) Garlic
(b) Exhausted clove
(c) Turmeric
(d) Acorus calamus
Answer: (b) Exhausted clove
17. What is the biological source of Garlic?
(a) Dried flower buds of Eugenia caryophyllus
(b) Ripe bulb of Allium sativum
(c) Dried rhizomes of Acorus calamus
(d) Dried rhizomes of Curcuma longa
Answer: (b) Ripe bulb of Allium sativum
18. Where is Garlic predominantly cultivated?
(a) Central Asia
(b) South America
(c) Africa
(d) Antarctica
Answer: (a) Central Asia
19. Which chemical compound in Garlic is responsible for its characteristic odor?
(a) Curcumin
(b) Eugenol
(c) Allicin
(d) Eugenyl acetate
Answer: (c) Allicin
20. Garlic has been used in the treatment of which condition?
(a) Hypertension
(b) Cough
(c) Atherosclerosis
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above
21. What is the biological source of Acorus calamus?
(a) Dried flower buds of Eugenia caryophyllus
(b) Dried rhizomes of Acorus calamus
(c) Ripe bulb of Allium sativum
(d) Dried rhizomes of Curcuma longa
Answer: (b) Dried rhizomes of Acorus calamus
22. What type of habitat does Acorus calamus typically grow in?
(a) Desert
(b) Mountain
(c) Marshes and wetlands
(d) Forest
Answer: (c) Marshes and wetlands
23. Which compound is a significant component of the essential oil found in Acorus calamus?
(a) Allicin
(b) Curcumin
(c) Acorin
(d) Eugenol
Answer: (c) Acorin
24. What is the primary therapeutic use of Acorus calamus?
(a) Antiseptic
(b) Expectorant
(c) Antiemetic
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above
25. What is the biological source of Turmeric?
(a) Dried rhizomes of Curcuma longa
(b) Ripe bulb of Allium sativum
(c) Dried flower buds of Eugenia caryophyllus
(d) Dried rhizomes of Acorus calamus
Answer: (a) Dried rhizomes of Curcuma longa
26. Which country is the primary producer of Turmeric?
(a) United States
(b) India
(c) China
(d) Brazil
Answer: (b) India
27. What is the major active ingredient in Turmeric that gives it its color?
(a) Allicin
(b) Eugenol
(c) Curcumin
(d) Acorin
Answer: (c) Curcumin
28. What test gives Turmeric a red color upon treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid?
(a) Saponification test
(b) Ferric chloride test
(c) Color reaction test
(d) Phytochemical test
Answer: (c) Color reaction test
29. Turmeric has been used therapeutically for which condition?
(a) Inflammation
(b) Digestive issues
(c) Skin conditions
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above
30. Which of the following is a common adulterant of Turmeric?
(a) Garlic
(b) Clove
(c) Rhizomes of Acorus calamus
(d) Both B and C
Answer: (d) Both B and C