Embedded Files
Hosts
Hosts
Coronaviruses cause disease in animals and humans. They often circulate in pigs, camels, bats, and cats, but are highly susceptible to evolve from zoonotic origins to infect the human population. This evolution accounts for the diversity within the Coronavirus species, and shows the great risk Coronavirus spillover events pose to humans.
Coronaviruses cause disease in animals and humans. They often circulate in pigs, camels, bats, and cats, but are highly susceptible to evolve from zoonotic origins to infect the human population. This evolution accounts for the diversity within the Coronavirus species, and shows the great risk Coronavirus spillover events pose to humans.
Alphacoronaviruses
Alphacoronaviruses
Natural hosts: Humans, pigs, cats, dogs, and bats
Betacoronaviruses
Betacoronaviruses
Natural hosts: Humans, cattle, pigs, mice, rats, and bats
Gammacoronaviruses
Gammacoronaviruses
Natural hosts: Chickens and turkeys
Deltacoronaviruses
Deltacoronaviruses
Natural hosts: Mammalians and birds
------------Possible origins of human coronaviruses-----------
------------Possible origins of human coronaviruses-----------
All human coronaviruses likely originated from bats, mice, or domestic animals.
All human coronaviruses likely originated from bats, mice, or domestic animals.
SARS-CoV:
SARS-CoV:
The severe acute respiratory-related coronavirus syndrome (SARS-CoV) is believed to have naturally originated in wild bats, either the Rhinolophus sinicus bat or the Chinese horshoe bat (Rhinolophidae), and transmitted to palm civets before spilling over to humans.
MERS-CoV:
MERS-CoV:
The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is believed to have naturally originated in bats, and transmitted to intermediary dromedary camels, before spilling over to humans.
HCoV-229E:
HCoV-229E:
Based on molecular clock analysis, HCoV-229E was predicted to share a most recent common ancestor (MRCA) with a bat CoV isolated from the leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros caffer ruber) in Ghana. Camelids are believed to be the intermediary animal through which this virus transmitted to humans.
HCoV-NL63:
HCoV-NL63:
HCoV-NL63 is believed to have originated in bats. This study identified nucleic acid sequences that potentially indicated the presence of a novel α-CoV that is predicted to share an RCA with HCoV-NL63 in the tricolored bat (Perimyotis subflavus). - REPHRASE BOLDED SENTENCE IN OWN WORDS. Its intermediate host still remains unknown.
HCoV-OC43:
HCoV-OC43:
HCoV-OC43 likely emerged from bovine Coronavirus (BCoV) - intermediate host. Rodents are believed to be its natural host.
HCoV-HKU1:
HCoV-HKU1:
HCoV-HKU1 is believed to have naturally originated in rodents. Its intermediate host still remains unknown.
The diagram above depicts the natural and intermediate animal hosts of human coronaviruses. Bats and rodents are the two natural hosts, believed to be the main reservoirs responsible for the transmission of human coronaviruses to intermediate hosts. Camelids, palm civets, dromedary camels, and bovine are the intermediate hosts (listed from left to right respectively). They are believed to have transmitted the human coronavirus specified below the black arrow to the human population. Note that the intermediate hosts of HCoV-NL63 and NCoV-HKU1 are unknown, as shown by the question marks.
The diagram above depicts the natural and intermediate animal hosts of human coronaviruses. Bats and rodents are the two natural hosts, believed to be the main reservoirs responsible for the transmission of human coronaviruses to intermediate hosts. Camelids, palm civets, dromedary camels, and bovine are the intermediate hosts (listed from left to right respectively). They are believed to have transmitted the human coronavirus specified below the black arrow to the human population. Note that the intermediate hosts of HCoV-NL63 and NCoV-HKU1 are unknown, as shown by the question marks.
Image Credit: Self-created
Sources:
- NCBI. "Ten years after SARS: where was the virus from?" https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3747529/
- NCBI. "Evidence Supporting a Zoonotic Origin of Human Coronavirus Strain NL63," https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3497669/
- NCBI. "Zoonotic origins of human coronaviruses," https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7098031/
- ViralZone. "Coronaviridae," https://viralzone.expasy.org/30?outline=all_by_species
- World Health Organization. "Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)," https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-(mers-cov)
- Cui, J., Li, F. & Shi, Z. Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses. Nat Rev Microbiol 17, 181–192 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-018-0118-9
Page updated
Google Sites
Report abuse