b. Time Management and Organizing Activities

Time management is a challenge for me because the time for one class is only 1 hour. Therefore, I explain lessons directly to important concepts only, and involving students to be active in discussions is also a way to ensure effective learning. They get concept development from working on questions, asking questions, and re-explaining the concepts they have acquired.

Then, explaining the concept only verbally was not enough, so I used a Canva presentation projected with an LED projector, whiteboard and markers. Some classes don't have an LED Projector so I need to maximize the use of the whiteboard, of course by drawing the process while explaining verbally. Especially because the material I teach is cell transport, so the ability to think procedurally about a process and how biological processes work must be understood by students as simply as possible.

To focus students' attention, I explain aloud while drawing, writing, and pointing or underlining sentences and pictures according to what I say. Students listen while  independently taking notes so that the majority of classes run smoothly without significant interruptions or distractions. I also always pause in the explanation to make sure they understand what I am explaining by asking questions or asking them to re-explain what I have just said.

For evaluation activities because I only have a short time, I usually ask them to work on questions written on the whiteboard regarding the discussion that has just been discussed. I've also done evaluations by holding a true-false quiz and asking them to move to one side of the class where the answer is labeled "true", and the other side of the class if they answered that the statement is "false". This activity makes them active in learning and successfully tests their understanding.

c. Classroom Management

I taught 4 classes with the number of students per class being 34-36 people. The teacher's desk is at the front of the class, placed in the middle so that the teacher has access to the whiteboard on the right and left. There are two arrangements of student desks, the first is towards the blackboard like the arrangement of class desks in general, or the second arrangement is on both the right and left sides of the class, leaving the middle area of the class empty. For learning that requires more attention to the teacher or exams, the usual seating arrangement is more effective. However, for learning that requires more active student activity such as team work, the arrangement of chairs on the right and left of the room makes it easier for students to carry out their activities.

Conditioning the class is very important because it will put students in learning mode so that learning can run well. I always open the lesson with a greeting and ask if they are ready to study, because especially for classes that are a transition from the previous class there are still students who haven't entered the class or haven't prepared their stationery, so I will give them 2-3 minutes to prepare. Once ready, I opened the lesson by writing down the topic discussed on the whiteboard and starting the apperception, asking for their prior knowledge about the topic to be discussed, then entering into a discussion about the topic.

The strategy to focus students' attention is to turn my body towards them and not turn my back when explaining, use gestures and moving closer to them, and make eye contact towards the students. I also don't focus on active students only, but all students by asking them to answer questions or explain again. I also approach them if they want to ask a question or ask them to ask by standing up and saying the question loudly so that all students can hear and get the explanation.

If I ask them to work on a question and many of them raise their hands to be selected for a chance to answer, I try to ensure that the students who raise their hands first are selected, and not focus on just one or two active people. then after the questions were answered, I checked their work while inviting the students to help correct whether their friends' answers were right or wrong. Active student involvement has always been key in my learning.

I usually close the lesson by giving time to ask questions and make sure the explanation I have given can be understood before closing it with greetings and thanks.

d. Problem Solving while Teaching

Problems in learning in class are not crucial, most of them are just distractions from fellow students. I would ask them to pay attention again by asking "can we continue?" and fortunately, the class presidents always helps me to ask them to pay attention to their learning.

Active classes are a blessing, but less active classes require more attention to make students actively involved in learning. I always appoint students to give them the courage to answer questions. Then the case that often happens is that they forget the answer, so I will give them the first letter of the word that is the answer and they can answer it.